Sorption and degradation of ranitidine in soil: Leaching potential assessment

Laboratory studies were conducted to compare the soil adsorption of aminopyralid and clopyralid with the use of batch-slurry and centrifugation assays. The calculated soil binding constants for both herbicides varied between the two techniques, but the centrifugation assay had a lower coefficient of variation compared to the batch-slurry assay. These results indicate that a centrifugation assay is a more accurate procedure for measuring the interaction of aminopyralid and clopyralid with soils. Aminopyralid adsorbed more tightly than clopyralid to six of the eight soils tested. AdsorptionKdvalues ranged from 0.083 to 0.364 for clopyralid and 0.106 to 0.697 for aminopyralid. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that binding of both herbicides was highly correlated to soil organic matter and texture but not to soil pH. On average, soil thin-layer chromatography indicated that aminopyralid was less mobile (Rf= 0.82) than clopyralid (Rf= 0.91), although both were mobile. These results suggest that aminopyralid will have a lower leaching potential than clopyralid. Lower potential aminopyralid soil leaching, coupled with low use rates, suggests it may be the herbicide of choice in areas where potential for leaching could be a concern.

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Stability of Ceramic Glazes Obtained by Valorification of Anorganic Pigments Extracted from Electroplating Sludge

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.3.6151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 571-574

Author(s):

Mihaela Andreea Mitiu ◽

Maria Iuliana Marcus ◽

Maria Vlad ◽

Cristina Mihaela Balaceanu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Leaching Tests ◽

Ceramic Tiles ◽

Research Activity ◽

Limit Values ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

International Standard ◽

Ceramic Samples ◽

Electroplating Sludge ◽

The Stability

This paper presents the results of the research activity in order to etablish the stability and leaching potential of ceramic tiles which have been developed using glazes colored with pigments obtained by the extraction of chromium and iron metals from electroplating sludge. All these ceramic tiles contain various amounts of heavy metals in their glazes due to the pigments composition. The ceramic samples have been subjected to leaching tests in order to detect if various elements of relevance such as chromium, lead, cadmium, zinc or iron migrated to any great extent into test solutions. Leaching tests have been performed following the international standard SR ISO 10545-15 method for specific metals leaching into 4% acetic acid solutions at 220C after a 24h period and the international standard SR EN 12457/1-4 method with distilled water as leaching agent at LSR of 10 l/kg, for 24h period. Amounts of heavy metals have been negligible or non-detectable (iron) in the leaching solutions, being well below the limit values established by the legislation in force.

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Alkali-Activated Binders Using Bottom Ash from Waste-to-Energy Plants and Aluminium Recycling Waste

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3840 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex Maldonado-Alameda ◽

Jofre Mañosa ◽

Jessica Giro-Paloma ◽

Joan Formosa ◽

Josep Maria Chimenos

Keyword(s):

Bottom Ash ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Aluminium Recycling ◽

Alkaline Activator ◽

Alkali Activated Binders ◽

Energy Plants ◽

Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a promising alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the possibility of using by-products and wastes in their manufacturing. This paper assessed the potential of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from waste-to-energy plants and PAVAL® (PV), a secondary aluminium recycling process by-product, as precursors of AABs. WBA and PV were mixed at weight ratios of 98/2, 95/5, and 90/10. A mixture of waterglass (WG) and NaOH at different concentrations (4 and 6 M) was used as the alkaline activator solution. The effects of increasing NaOH concentration and PV content were evaluated. Alkali-activated WBA/PV (AA-WBA/PV) binders were obtained. Selective chemical extractions and physicochemical characterization revealed the formation of C-S-H, C-A-S-H, and (N,C)-A-S-H gels. Increasing the NaOH concentration and PV content increased porosity and reduced compressive strength (25.63 to 12.07 MPa). The leaching potential of As and Sb from AA-WBA/PV exceeded the threshold for acceptance in landfills for non-hazardous waste.

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The impact of land use on estimates of pesticide leaching potential: Assessments and uncertainties

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology ◽

10.1016/0169-7722(91)90014-r ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 157-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Keith Loague

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

The Impact ◽

Pesticide Leaching

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Leaching and residual activity of imidazolinone herbicides in lowland soils

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160705 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

João Paulo Refatti ◽

Luis Antonio de Avila ◽

José Alberto Noldin ◽

Igor Pacheco ◽

Rodrigo Ribeiro Pestana

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Underground Water ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Lowland Area ◽

Imidazolinone Herbicides

ABSTRACT: Herbicides used in the Clearfield® rice (Oryza sativa L.) production system have a potential for leaching. This can result in contamination of underground water resources and cause injury to not tolerant crops that are sown in a succession and/or crop rotation. The objective of this study was to determine the leaching potential and the residual activity of the herbicides used in the Clearfield® rice system. The experiment was conducted over a period of two years and consisted of conducting a field test to be followed by two bioassays with a year of difference between their implementation. Initially an experiment was conducted in lowland area where it was planted the cultivar of rice ‘PUITA INTA CL’. Approximately one and two years thereafter, soil samples from each plot were collected at intervals of 5cm to a depth of 30cm (B factor) for the bioassay to evaluate persistence of herbicides. Factor A was composed of mixtures formulated of imazethapyr + imazapic (75 + 25g a.i. L-1), imazapyr + imazapic (525 + 175g a.i. kg-1) in two doses, imazethapyr (100g a.i. L-1) and treatment control without application. Basing on results, it was concluded that the mixtures imazethapyr + imazapic, imazapyr + imazapic and imazethapyr leached into the soil, reaching depths of up to 25cm in lowland soil. Imidazolinone herbicides used today in the irrigated rice Clearfield® system are persistent in soil, and their phytotoxic activity can be observed up to two years after application.

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Mobilization of Metals from Pristine Mineral Soil by Nitrifying and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria – The Leaching Potential of Indigenous Culture Enrichments

Geomicrobiology Journal ◽

10.1080/01490451.2010.489921 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 212-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renate Sonnleitner ◽

Bernhard Redl ◽

Petra Merschak ◽

Franz Schinner

Keyword(s):

Mineral Soil ◽

Indigenous Culture ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Sulfur Oxidizing ◽

Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

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Leaching of dissolved phosphorus from tile-drained agricultural areas

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.158 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 2953-2958 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. E. Andersen ◽

J. Windolf ◽

B. Kronvang

Keyword(s):

Soil Layer ◽

High Concentration ◽

Measured Concentration ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Dissolved Phosphorus ◽

Olsen P ◽

P Loss ◽

Tile Drains ◽

Extractable P ◽

Water Extractable

Abstract We investigated leaching of dissolved phosphorus (P) from 45 tile-drains representing animal husbandry farms in all regions of Denmark. Leaching of P via tile-drains exhibits a high degree of spatial heterogeneity with a low concentration in the majority of tile-drains and few tile-drains (15% in our investigation) having high to very high concentration of dissolved P. The share of dissolved organic P (DOP) was high (up to 96%). Leaching of DOP has hitherto been a somewhat overlooked P loss pathway in Danish soils and the mechanisms of mobilization and transport of DOP needs more investigation. We found a high correlation between Olsen-P and water extractable P. Water extractable P is regarded as an indicator of risk of loss of dissolved P. Our findings indicate that Olsen-P, which is measured routinely in Danish agricultural soils, may be a useful proxy for the P leaching potential of soils. However, we found no straight-forward correlation between leaching potential of the top soil layer (expressed as either degree of P saturation, Olsen-P or water extractable P) and the measured concentration of dissolved P in the tile-drain. This underlines that not only the source of P but also the P loss pathway must be taken into account when evaluating the risk of P loss.

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Imazapic interaction and mobility in soil cultivated with sugarcane in northeast Brazil

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.262120210007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Xavier de Assis ◽

André Maciel Netto ◽

Bruno Toríbio de Lima Xavier ◽

Valmir Felix de Lima ◽

João Paulo Siqueira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Partition Coefficients ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Clay Content ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Adsorption Potential ◽

Soil Columns ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Sorption Leaching

ABSTRACT In the plantation of sugarcane, Imazapic has used pre- or post-emergence, alone or in combination with other herbicides. When applied to the soil in pre-emergence, Imazapic can undergo the sorption, leaching and/or degradation processes due to physical, chemical and biological effects, besides being absorbed by weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction and mobility of the Imazapic herbicide in the soil where the soil columns with a dystrophic Yellow Ultisol (YUd) and a dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol (RYOd) from northeastern Brazil were used. The higher adsorption potential of the RYOd is associated with higher clay content, higher Fed and Feo concentrations, and soil acidic pH. The CDE – 2 sorption sites model adequately represented the experimental data from the Imazapic breakthrough curves to the RYOd and YUd soils. From the Kd partition coefficients for RYOd and YUd, high values of the GUS index (5.94 and 7.04, respectively) were calculated, confirming the high leaching potential of the Imazapic molecule in these soils.

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Mechanical Activation of Smectite-Based Nanocomposites for Creation of Smart Fertilizers

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12020809 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 809

Author(s):

Maxim Rudmin ◽

Santanu Banerjee ◽

Boris Makarov ◽

Kanipa Ibraeva ◽

Alexander Konstantinov

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Interlayer Space ◽

Soil Leaching ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Activation Time ◽

Release Rates ◽

X Ray ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

This research presents the mechanical creation of smart fertilizers from a mixture of smectite and urea in a 3:2 ratio by using the planetary milling technique. The smectite–urea composites show intercalation between urea and mineral, which increases steadily with increasing activation time. A shift of X-Ray Diffraction basal reflections, intensities of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks, and weight losses in thermogravimetric analysis (TG) document the systematic crystallo-chemical changes of the composites related to nitrogen interaction with activation. Observations of the nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corroborate the inference. Nitrogen intercalates with smectite in the interlayer space and remains absorbed either within micro-aggregates or on the surface of activated smectites. Soil leaching tests reveal a slower rate of nitrogen than that of traditional urea fertilizers. Different forms of nitrogen within the composites cause their differential release rates to the soil. The formulated nanocomposite fertilizer enhances the quality and quantity of oat yield.

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