scholarly journals Current status and evidence base of training for foster and treatment foster parents

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Dorsey ◽  
Elizabeth M.Z. Farmer ◽  
Richard P. Barth ◽  
Kaylin M. Greene ◽  
John Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foster Parents ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Foster Parents

scholarly journals Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van Steenwijk ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Alie de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
And Function

The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.

scholarly journals Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Literature Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Minami ◽  
Masatoshi Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Liver Cancers

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver cancers can be performed safely using percutaneous, laparoscopic, or open surgical techniques, and much of the impetus for the use of RFA has come from cohort series that have provided an evidence base for this technique. Here, we give an overview of the current status of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including its physical properties, to assess the characteristics that make this technique applicable in clinical practice. We review the technical development of probe design and summarize current indications and outcomes of reported clinical use. An accurate evaluation of treatment response is very important to secure successful RFA therapy since a sufficient safety margin (at least 0.5 cm) can prevent local tumor recurrences. We also provide a profile of side effects and information on the integration of this technique into the general management of patients with HCC. To minimize complications of RFA, physicians should be familiar with each feature of complication. Appropriate management of complications is essential for successful RFA treatment. Moreover, adjuvant therapy, such as molecular targeted therapies following curative therapy, is expected to further improve survival after RFA.

scholarly journals Dietary Care for ADPKD Patients: Current Status and Future Directions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Carriazo ◽  
Maria Vanessa Perez-Gomez ◽  
Adrian Cordido ◽  
Miguel Angel García-González ◽  
Ana Belen Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney ◽  
The Impact

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic nephropathy, and tolvaptan is the only therapy available. However, tolvaptan slows but does not stop disease progression, is marred by polyuria, and most patients worldwide lack access. This and recent preclinical research findings on the glucose-dependency of cyst-lining cells have renewed interest in the dietary management of ADPKD. We now review the current dietary recommendations for ADPKD patients according to clinical guidelines, the evidence base for those, and the potential impact of preclinical studies addressing the impact of diet on ADPKD progression. The clinical efficacy of tolvaptan has put the focus on water intake and solute ingestion as modifiable factors that may impact tolvaptan tolerance and ADPKD progression. By contrast, dietary modifications suggested to ADPKD patients, such as avoiding caffeine, are not well supported and their impact is unknown. Recent studies have identified a chronic shift in energy production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) as a contributor to cyst growth, rendering cyst cells exquisitely sensitive to glucose availability. Therefore, low calorie or ketogenic diets have delayed preclinical ADPKD progression. Additional preclinical data warn of potential negative impact of excess dietary phosphate or oxalate in ADPKD progression.

The Current Status of EMDR Therapy, Specific Target Areas, and Goals for the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-284
Author(s):  
Suzy J. M. A. Matthijssen ◽  
Christopher W. Lee ◽  
Carlijn de Roos ◽  
Ian G. Barron ◽  
Ignacio Jarero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Emdr Therapy

While eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults, there are differences as to how various international treatment guidelines judge the strength of this evidence base. Furthermore, in areas other than adult PTSD, major guidelines differ even more as to the strength of the evidence base and when to use EMDR. In 2019, the Council of Scholars: The Future of EMDR Therapy Project was initiated. Several working groups were established, with one assigned to the focus area of research. This article is a product of that working group. Firstly the group concluded that there were five areas where there was some base that EMDR was effective, but more data were needed to increase the likelihood that it would be considered in future international treatment guidelines. These areas were PTSD in children and adolescents, early EMDR interventions, combat PTSD, unipolar depression, and chronic pain. In addition, research into cost-effectiveness of EMDR therapy was identified as one of the priorities. A hierarchical system was used for classifying and rating evidence in the focus areas. After assessing the 120 outcome studies pertaining to the focus areas, we conclude that for two of the areas (i.e., PTSD in children and adolescents and EMDR early interventions research) the strength of the evidence is rated at the highest level, whereas the other areas obtain the second highest level. Some general recommendations for improving the quality of future research on the effectiveness of EMDR therapy are formulated.

scholarly journals Current status of postnatal depression smartphone applications available on application stores: an information quality analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn WB Zhang ◽  
Roger CM Ho ◽  
Alvona Loh ◽  
Tracey Wing ◽  
Olivia Wynne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
English Language ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Smartphone Applications

ObjectivesIt is the aim of the current research to identify some common functionalities of postnatal application, and to determine the quality of the information content of postnatal depression application using validated scales that have been applied for applications in other specialties.Settings and participantsTo determine the information quality of the postnatal depression smartphone applications, the two most widely used smartphone application stores, namely Apple iTunes as well as Google Android Play store, were searched between 20May and 31 May. No participants were involved. The inclusion criteria for the application were that it must have been searchable using the keywords ‘postnatal’, ‘pregnancy’, ‘perinatal’, ‘postpartum’ and ‘depression’, and must be in English language.InterventionThe Silberg Scale was used in the assessment of the information quality of the smartphone applications.Primary and secondary outcomes measureThe information quality score was the primary outcome measure.ResultsOur current results highlighted that while there is currently a myriad of applications, only 14 applications are specifically focused on postnatal depression. In addition, the majority of the currently available applications on the store have only disclosed their last date of modification as well as ownership. There remain very limited disclosures about the information of the authors, as well as the references for the information included in the application itself. The average score for the Silberg Scale for the postnatal applications we have analysed is 3.0.ConclusionsThere remains a need for healthcare professionals and developers to jointly conceptualise new applications with better information quality and evidence base.

Diagnosing psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities: issues and achievements

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco O. Bertelli ◽  
Michele Rossi ◽  
Daniela Scuticchio ◽  
Annamaria Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Source Of Information

Purpose – Diagnosing psychiatric disorders (PD) in adults with Intellectual Disability (ID) presents several issues and need specific skills and tools. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the current status of art through a systematic mapping of the literature. Design/methodology/approach – The authors reviewed the international literature on the basis of the following questions: what are the issues in the psychiatric diagnostic process for adults with ID? What methods and procedures have been used for psychiatric assessment in ID? To date, is it possible to identify some most effective procedures? Findings – The analysis of the literature indicates that main issues of the psychiatric diagnostic process in adults with ID are the following: identification of psychiatric symptoms, behavioural equivalents, diagnostic criteria, setting, source of information, screening, and diagnostic tools. The evidence base is only emerging and although many relevant achievements have been reached in the last two decades, no definitive guideline has been produced. Most recent acquisition also allowed to identify some assessment procedures that are currently considered the most effective. Individualised assessment remains the best way to meet the needs of this heterogeneous and variable patient group. Originality/value – This paper offers a comprehensive and updated description of current achievements and issues towards the assessment of PD in people with ID.

Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Kazdin
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter discusses the development of psychosocial interventions with supportive evidence in their behalf. The goals of these evidence-based psychosocial interventions are to reduce psychological dysfunction related to affect, cognition, and behavior and psychiatric disorders that can impair everyday functioning. The range of treatments with an evidence base is vast and includes multiple cognitive and behavioral treatments, traditional therapies, and many “treatments as usual.” This chapter provides a description of the current status of treatment, as well as the challenges related to interpretation of findings and the generality of findings from research to practice.

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