Is the association between dietary patterns and cognition mediated by children's adiposity? A longitudinal approach in Generation XXI birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Marinho ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Sofia Vilela ◽  
Raquel Costa ◽  
Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Longitudinal Approach

scholarly journals Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study: cohort profile

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e041185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loc G Do ◽  
Diep H Ha ◽  
Lucinda K Bell ◽  
Gemma Devenish ◽  
Rebecca K Golley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Free Sugars

PurposeThe long-term goal of the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study is to identify and evaluate the relative importance and timing of critical factors that shape the oral health of young children. It will then evaluate those factors in their inter-relationship with socioeconomic influences.ParticipantsSMILE is a single-centre study conducted in Adelaide, Australia. All newborns at the main three public hospitals between July 2013 and August 2014 were eligible for inclusion. The final recruited sample at birth was 2181 mother/infant dyads. Participants were followed up with questionnaires when the child was 3 and 6 months of age, and 1, 2 and 5 years of age. Oral epidemiological examinations and anthropometric assessments were conducted at age 2 and 5 years.Findings to dateSMILE has contributed comprehensive data on dietary patterns of young children. Intakes of free sugars, core and discretionary foods and drinks have been detailed. There was a sharp increase in free sugars intake with age. Determinants of dietary patterns, oral health status and body weight during the first 5 years of life have been evaluated. Socioeconomic characteristics such as maternal education and household income and area-level socioeconomic profile influenced dietary patterns and oral health behaviours and status.Future planFunding has been obtained to conduct oral epidemiological examinations and anthropometric assessments at age 7–8 years. Plans are being developed to follow the cohort into adolescent years.

scholarly journals Lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults: evidence from an Australian birth cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tolassa W Ushula ◽  
Petra H Lahmann ◽  
Abdullah Mamun ◽  
William YS Wang ◽  
Gail M Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Objective: Previous studies of sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults have primarily focused on physical activity and smoking, with inconclusive results. This study aims to examine the associations between a broader range of lifestyles of young adults and their patterns of food consumption. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Brisbane, Australia. Participants: The data set are from a long running birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Details of dietary intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were from the 21-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. The effective cohort (n 2665, 57 % women) is of young adult offspring. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from self-reports. Results: Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified for the combined cohort of women and men using principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between lifestyle variables and dietary patterns adjusting for potential confounders. Results from multivariable adjusted models showed that physical activity, watching TV and smoking were strongly associated with each dietary pattern; alcohol consumption and BMI showed weaker associations (P < 0·05 for all). Conclusions: Our study describes a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Young adults with unhealthy lifestyles less often adhere to a healthy prudent dietary pattern and more often an unhealthy Western pattern. Dietary preferences are enmeshed in a lifestyle matrix which includes physical activity, sedentary activity, smoking and alcohol consumption of young adults.

scholarly journals P2-97 Homocysteine levels and dietary patterns among young adults from a birth cohort in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A247-A247
Author(s):  
D. Gigante ◽  
M. T. Olinto ◽  
I. Oliveira ◽  
B. Horta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns

scholarly journals Dietary patterns are associated with blood lipids at 18-year-olds: a cross-sectional analysis nested in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana dos Santos Vaz ◽  
Romina Buffarini ◽  
Gilberto Kac ◽  
Renata Moraes Bielemann ◽  
Isabel Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Dietary factors and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Corley ◽  
Janet A. M. Kyle ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Geraldine McNeill ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

Epidemiological studies have reported inverse associations between various single healthy diet indices and lower levels of systemic inflammation, but rarely are they examined in the same sample. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and overall foods (dietary patterns), single foods (fruits and vegetables), and specific nutritive (antioxidants) and non-nutritive (flavonoids) food components in the same narrow-age cohort of older adults. The dietary intake of 792 participants aged 70 years from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was assessed using a 168-item FFQ. Models were adjusted for age, sex, childhood cognitive ability, lifestyle factors and history of disease. Using logistic regression analyses, CRP (normal v. elevated) was favourably associated (at P< 0·05) with the ‘health-aware’ (low-fat) dietary pattern (unstandardised β = (0·200, OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99) and fruit intake (unstandardised β = (0·100, OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), including flavonoid-rich apples (unstandardised β = (0·456, OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·439, 0·946). Using linear regression analyses, fibrinogen (continuous) was inversely associated (at P< 0·05) with the Mediterranean dietary pattern (standardised β = (0·100), fruit intake (standardised β = (0·083), and combined fruit and vegetable intake (standardised β = (0·084). We observed no association between food components (antioxidant nutrients or specific flavonoid subclasses) and inflammatory markers. In the present cross-sectional study, nutrient-dense dietary patterns were associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation in older people. The results are consistent with dietary guidelines that promote a balanced diet based on a variety of plant-based foods.

scholarly journals Life Course Dietary Patterns and Bone Health in Later Life in a British Birth Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A Ward ◽  
Ann Prentice ◽  
Diana L Kuh ◽  
Judith E Adams ◽  
Gina L Ambrosini
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and trajectories of global and domain-specific cognitive decline in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Janie Corley ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

Abstract Healthy dietary patterns may protect against age-related cognitive decline but results of studies have been inconsistent and few have had extensive longitudinal follow-up with comprehensive cognitive testing. The aim of the present study was to determine associations of dietary patterns with trajectories of global and domain-specific cognitive change over a 12-year period. Data from 863 community-dwelling, dementia-free participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study of ageing completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (aged 70) and underwent cognitive testing at baseline, age 73, 76, 79, and 82. Composite cognitive scores were constructed for four cognitive domains (visuospatial ability, processing speed, memory, and verbal ability) and global cognitive function. A Mediterranean-style pattern and a traditional pattern were derived using principal component analysis of self-reported dietary intakes. In fully-adjusted latent growth curve models, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (β = 0.056, P = 0.009) and lower baseline adherence to the traditional dietary pattern (β = -0.087, P < 0.001) were cross-sectionally associated with better verbal ability. A slightly steeper decline in verbal ability over 12 years was observed in those with higher Mediterranean-style diet scores at baseline (β = -0.003, P = 0.008). All other associations were non-significant. Our findings in this well-characterised Scottish cohort indicate that adherence to a healthy Mediterranean-style diet is associated cross-sectionally with better verbal (crystallised) ability, with the converse being true for the traditional diet. A healthier baseline diet did not predict a reduced risk of global or domain-specific cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Time trends in nutrient intake and dietary patterns among five birth cohorts of 70-year-olds examined 1971–2016: results from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort studies, Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Samuelsson ◽  
Elisabet Rothenberg ◽  
Lauren Lissner ◽  
Gabriele Eiben ◽  
Anna Zettergren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Nutrient Density

Abstract Background Nutrition is a key factor in healthy ageing but there are still gaps in knowledge about risk- and protective factors linking diet and healthy ageing. The aim of this study was to investigate time trends in dietary patterns and nutrient intake in an older population, in order to increase the understanding of whether dietary recommendations are followed and if nutrient needs are met. Methods Cross-sectional data was derived from five samples of 70-year-olds examined 1971–72, 1981–83, 1992–93, 2000–02 and 2014–16 from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort studies in Sweden. A total of 2246 individuals (56% women) participated. Dietary intake was determined by the diet history method, which is an interview including questions on usual frequencies and portion sizes of food intake during the preceding three months. Recommended values of nutrient intake and determinants of healthful dietary patterns were based on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. Statistical analyses were performed using general linear models, student’s t-test and chi-square test, stratified by sex. Results The intake of fruits and vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grain products and nuts and seeds increased during the study period (p < 0.0001), among both sexes. However, there was also an increase in alcohol intake (p < 0.0001), especially from wine and beer, and in 2014–16 more than 30% had an alcohol intake above recommendations. Protein intake increased (p < 0.0001 for women and p = 0.0004 for men), and 48% of the women and 37% of the men had a protein intake above recommended 1.2 g/kg body weight and day in 2014–16. The proportion of participants at risk of inadequate intake of vitamins C, D and folate decreased during the study period, among both sexes (p < 0.0001). However, vitamin D intake from diet was still below average requirement level of 7.5 μg/day for 49% of the women and 32% of the men in 2014–16. Conclusions Dietary patterns have changed among 70-year-olds during the past five decades, with an increase in healthful foods and a higher nutrient density in later born birth cohorts. However, the intake of alcohol increased, especially among women. Results from this study can be useful as a basis for dietary guidelines and used for prevention strategies involving older adults in population-based and health care settings.

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