Three-dimensional zinc incorporated borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds for rodent critical-sized calvarial defects repair and regeneration

The areas in which Stromal Vascular Fraction cells (SVFs) have been used include radiotherapy based tissue damage after mastectomy, breast augmentation, calvarial defects, Crohn’s fistulas, and damaged skeletal muscle. Currently, the authors present their experience using regenerative cell therapy in breast reconstruction. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the use of Engineered Fat Graft Enhanced with Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction cells (EF-e-A) in breast reconstruction. 121 patients that were affected by the outcomes of breast oncoplastic surgery were treated with EF-e-A, comparing the results with the control group (n = 50) treated with not enhanced fat graft (EF-ne-A). The preoperative evaluation included a complete clinical examination, a photographic assessment, biopsy, magnetic resonance (MRI) of the soft tissue, and ultrasound (US). Postoperative follow-up took place at two, seven, 15, 21, 36 weeks, and then annually. In 72.8% (n = 88) of breast reconstruction treated with EF-e-A, we observed a restoration of the breast contour and an increase of 12.8 mm in the three-dimensional volume after 12 weeks, which was only observed in 27.3% (n = 33) of patients in the control group that was treated with EF-ne-A. Transplanted fat tissue reabsorption was analyzed with instrumental MRI and US. Volumetric persistence in the study group was higher (70.8%) than that in the control group (41.4%) (p < 0.0001 vs. control group). The use of EF-e-A was safe and effective in this series of treated cases.

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Progress of three-dimensional macroporous bioactive glass for bone regeneration

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering ◽

10.1007/s11705-012-1217-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 470-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lijun Ji ◽

Yunfeng Si ◽

Ailing Li ◽

Wenjun Wang ◽

Dong Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional

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A New Bioink For Improved 3D Bioprinting Of Bone-Like Constructs

10.1101/2021.11.04.467312 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Marsh ◽

Ehsanul Hoque Apu ◽

Marcus Bunn ◽

Christopher H Contag ◽

Nureddin Ashammakhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Major Advance ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

The Matrix ◽

Inorganic Components

Bone tissue loss can occur due to disease, trauma or following surgery, in each case treatment involving the use of bone grafts or biomaterials is usually required. Recent development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting (3DBP) has enabled the printing of customized bone substitutes. Bioinks used for bone 3DBP employ various particulate phases such as ceramic and bioactive glass particles embedded in the bioink creating a composite. When composite bioinks are used for 3DBP based on extrusion, particles are heterogeneously distributed causing damage to cells due to stresses created during flow in the matrix of the composite. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop cell-friendly osteopromotive bioink mitigating the risk of cell damage due to the flow of particles. Towards this end, we have linked organic and inorganic components, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and Ag-doped bioactive glass (Ag-BaG), to produce a hybrid material, GelMA-Ag-BaG (GAB). The distribution of the elements present in the Ag-BaG in the resulting hybrid GAB structure was examined. Rheological properties of the resulting hydrogel and its printability, as well as the degree of swelling and degradation over time, were also evaluated. GAB was compared to GelMA alone and GelMA-Ag-BaG nanocomposites. Results showed the superiority of the hybrid GAB bioink in terms of homogenous distribution of the elements in the structure, rheological properties, printability, and degradation profiles. Accordingly, this new bioink represents a major advance for bone 3DBP.

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Bone Regeneration Using a Three-Dimensional Hexahedron Channeled BCP Block Combined with Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 in Rat Calvarial Defects

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12152435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 2435 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

So-Yeun Kim ◽

Eun-Bin Bae ◽

Jae-Woong Huh ◽

Jong-Ju Ahn ◽

Hyun-Young Bae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽

Graft Material ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Calvarial Defects ◽

Rat Calvarial Defect

It is important to obtain sufficient bone mass before implant placement on alveolar bone, and synthetic bone such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) has been studied to secure this. This study used a BCP block bone with a specific structure of the three-dimensional (3D) hexahedron channel and coating with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used to examine the enhancement of bone regeneration of this biomaterial in rat calvarial defect. After the preparation of critical-size calvarial defects in fifteen rats, defects were divided into three groups and were implanted with the assigned specimen (n = 5): Boneplant (untreated 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block), Boneplant/CMC (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC), and Boneplant/CMC/BMP (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC containing rhBMP-2). After 4 weeks, the volumetric, histologic, and histometric analyses were conducted to measure the newly formed bone. Histologically, defects in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group were almost completely filled with new bone compared to the Boneplant and Boneplant/CMC groups. The new bone volume (P < 0.05) and area (P < 0.001) in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group (20.12% ± 2.17, 33.79% ± 3.66) were much greater than those in the Boneplant (10.77% ± 4.8, 16.48% ± 9.11) and Boneplant/CMC (10.72% ± 3.29, 16.57% ± 8.94) groups, respectively. In conclusion, the 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block adapted rhBMP-2 with carrier CMC showed high possibility as an effective bone graft material.

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In vivo bone regeneration assessment of offset and gradient melt electrowritten (MEW) PCL scaffolds

Biomaterials Research ◽

10.1186/s40824-020-00196-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naghmeh Abbasi ◽

Ryan S. B. Lee ◽

Saso Ivanovski ◽

Robert M. Love ◽

Stephen Hamlet

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Size Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Repair Process ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Calvarial Defects ◽

Promising Solution ◽

Poly Caprolactone

Abstract Background Biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering represents a promising solution to overcome reduced residual bone volume. It has been previously demonstrated that gradient and offset architectures of three-dimensional melt electrowritten poly-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds could successfully direct osteoblast cells differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage, resulting in mineralization. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the in vivo osteoconductive capacity of PCL scaffolds with these different architectures. Methods Five different calcium phosphate (CaP) coated melt electrowritten PCL pore sized scaffolds: 250 μm and 500 μm, 500 μm with 50% fibre offset (offset.50.50), tri layer gradient 250–500-750 μm (grad.250top) and 750–500-250 μm (grad.750top) were implanted into rodent critical-sized calvarial defects. Empty defects were used as a control. After 4 and 8 weeks of healing, the new bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. Results Significantly more newly formed bone was shown in the grad.250top scaffold 8 weeks post-implantation. Histological investigation also showed that soft tissue was replaced with newly formed bone and fully covered the grad.250top scaffold. While, the bone healing did not happen completely in the 250 μm, offset.50.50 scaffolds and blank calvaria defects following 8 weeks of implantation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the expression of osteogenic markers was present in all scaffold groups at both time points. The mineralization marker Osteocalcin was detected with the highest intensity in the grad.250top and 500 μm scaffolds. Moreover, the expression of the endothelial markers showed that robust angiogenesis was involved in the repair process. Conclusions These results suggest that the gradient pore size structure provides superior conditions for bone regeneration.

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Surface Functionalization of Three Dimensional-Printed Polycaprolactone-Bioactive Glass Scaffolds by Grafting GelMA Under UV Irradiation

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2020.528590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Farnaz Ghorbani ◽

Melika Sahranavard ◽

Zohre Mousavi Nejad ◽

Dejian Li ◽

Ali Zamanian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

X Ray ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

3D Printed

In this study, bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNPs) with an average diameter of less than 10 nm were synthesized using a sol-gel method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray spectroscopy (XRD). Afterward, three dimensional (3D)-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds along with fused deposition modeling (FDM) were incorporated with BGNPs, and the surface of the composite constructs was then functionalized by coating with the gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) under UV irradiation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated the interconnected porous microstructure with an average pore diameter of 260 µm and homogeneous distribution of BGNPs. Therefore, no noticeable shrinkage was observed in 3D-printed scaffolds compared with the computer-designed file. Besides, the surface was uniformly covered by GelMA, and no effect of surface modification was observed on the microstructure while surface roughness increased. The addition of the BGNPs the to PCL scaffolds showed a slight change in pore size and porosity; however, it increased surface roughness. According to mechanical analysis, the compression strength of the scaffolds was increased by the BGNPs addition and surface modification. Also, a reduction was observed in the absorption capacity and biodegradation of scaffolds in phosphate-buffered saline media after the incorporation of BGNPs, while the presence of the GelMA layer increased the swelling potential and stability of the composite matrixes. Moreover, the capability of inducing bio-mineralization of hydroxyapatite-like layers, as a function of BGNPs content, was proven by FE-SEM micrographs, EDX spectra, and x-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) after soaking the obtained samples in concentrated simulated body fluid. A higher potential of the modified constructs to interact with the aqueous media led to better precipitation of minerals. According to in-vitro assays, the modified scaffolds can provide a suitable surface for the attachment and spreading of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, the number of the proliferated cells confirms the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, especially after a modification process. Cell differentiation was verified by alkaline phosphatase activity as well as the expression of osteogenic genes such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. Accordingly, the scaffolds showed an initial potential for reconstruction of the injured bone.

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