Public policy, attitudes and willingness to pay for treatment of substance dependence in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ahmadian Moghaddam ◽  
Ali Mazyaki ◽  
Emran M. Razaghi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Policy Attitudes

The Implications of Political Trust for Supporting Public Transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
JAE YOUNG LIM ◽  
KUK-KYOUNG MOON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Policy Attitudes

Abstract Despite the importance of public transport for urban vitality, social equity, and mobility, the discussions surrounding these topics have become heated ideological battles between liberals and conservatives in the United States, as in other countries. Conservatives, in particular, have exhibited anti-transit attitudes that have worked against the development of public transport. Scholars note that political trust functions as a heuristic and its impact is felt more strongly among individuals who face ideological risks with respect to a given public policy. Based on several studies noting the relationships between political trust, ideology and policy attitudes, the study employs the pooled data of the 2010 and 2014 General Social Surveys. It finds that conservatives are negatively associated with supporting spending on public transport, but when contingent upon high levels of political trust, they become more supportive of it. The study discusses the potential of political trust as a mechanism to influence public policy discourses as well as certain methodological and substantive limitations.

Women in Local Government

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirya R. Holman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Policy Attitudes

Women are underrepresented in most elected and appointed positions in local government in the United States. This essay details what we know about women’s representation in cities and counties, with a discussion of the factors associated with women’s higher or lower levels of representation. The effects of women’s lack of parity are then discussed including policy attitudes, the policy process, and policy outcomes. In sum, this essay organizes knowledge on women in local government, identifies gaps in what we know, and promotes future investigations to expand our knowledge of gender politics, local politics and governance, and public policy.

Political Identification and Perceptions of Homelessness: Attributed Causality and Attitudes on Public Policy

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pellegrini ◽  
Sergio S. Queirolo ◽  
Victor E. Monarrez ◽  
Dona M. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Political Identification ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Policy Attitudes

The study investigated relationships between political orientation, causal perceptions of poverty, and attitudes toward government programs for the poor. The test sample of 200 women and 200 men were recruited from introductory psychology classes. In support of hypotheses based on previous research and Weiner's attribution-emotion-action theory, when compared with self-identified Democrats, self-identified Republicans (a) were significantly more inclined to attribute homelessness to internal vs external factors and (b) expressed significantly less favorable attitudes toward publically funded programs for the homeless. Sex differences were nonsignificant. Conceptual-empirical and methodological implications are discussed. Limitations on inferences from these data and directions for inquiry into the development of individual differences in political cognitions and public policy attitudes are considered.

Carving Out: Isolating the True Effect of Self-Interest on Policy Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116
Author(s):  
JAKE HASELSWERDT
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
True Self ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Relief Program ◽  
Policy Proposals

How important is self-interest in people’s opinions about public policy? If a policy proposal exempts a subset of the target group from costs that others will have to pay, or denies them benefits that others will enjoy, do they respond according to self-interest? This experimental study distinguishes between true self-interest and affinity for one’s in-group by exploiting a common feature of policy proposals: age-based “carve-outs” that prevent otherwise similar subgroups of a population from being affected by the benefits or burdens of a new policy (e.g., cuts to an old-age program that exempt people above a certain age). I find self-interest effects for older Americans exempt from cuts to Medicare and younger people too old to benefit from a hypothetical student debt relief program. These effects vary in ways that are consistent with extant theory.

Public opinion and public policy in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saundra K. Schneider ◽  
William G. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic Responsiveness ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Policy Field ◽  
The Relationship

In a properly-functioning democracy, public opinion should not only be correlated with, but also a major determinant of, public policy. Is that the case in the United States? In this chapter, we address that question by covering the major lines of empirical research on the relationship between American public opinion and public policy. We begin with early work that emphasized the limits of popular thinking about government, creating the apparent need for democratic elitism in governmental action. More recent literature includes perspectives from the public policy field, and research on democratic responsiveness at both the national and state levels. Major lines of work emphasize the existence of rational public opinion at the aggregate level which ‘smooths out’ the inconsistencies that may exist within individual policy attitudes. Seminal studies have considered both the degree of correspondence between opinion and policy (i.e., ‘the rational public’), and models that specify how policy responds to opinion (thermostatic responses and the macropolity). Recent methodological innovations have led to new insights about democratic responsiveness in the American states. Our general conclusion is cautiously optimistic: Policy generally does follow the contours of citizen preference, but elites also have opportunities to shape manifestations of public opinion.

The evolution of public policy attitudes: comparing the mechanisms of policy support across the stages of a policy cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-448
Author(s):  
Sverker C. Jagers ◽  
Simon Matti ◽  
Katarina Nordblom
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
One Step ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Political Decisionmaking

AbstractWe analyse the importance of legitimacy on public policy support by comparing how drivers of public policy attitudes evolve across the policy process consisting of the input (the processes forgoing acquisition of power and the procedures permeating political decisionmaking), throughput (the inclusion of and interactions between actors in a governance system) and output (the substantive consequences of those decisions) stages. Using unique panel data through three phases of the implementation of a congestion tax in the Swedish city of Gothenburg, we find that legitimacy is indeed important in explaining policy support. Moreover, we find a lingering effect where support in one phase depends on legitimacy both in the present and in previous phases. Hence, our study takes us one step further on the road to understand the complicated dynamic mechanisms behind the interactions between policymaking, policy support, and the legitimacy and approval of politicians and political processes.

scholarly journals Are voters influenced by the results of a consensus conference?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Steven Sloman ◽  
Daniella Kupor ◽  
David Yokum
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Rational Argument ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract We evaluate whether people will outsource their opinion on public policy to consensus conference participants. The ideal consensus conference brings together a representative sample of citizens and introduces them to the range of perspectives and evidence related to some policy. The sample is given the opportunity to ask questions of experts and to deliberate. Attitudes about each policy are queried before and after the conference to see if the event has changed minds. In general, such conferences do produce opinion shifts. Our hypothesis is that the shift can be leveraged by simply communicating conference results – absent substantive information about the merits of the policies discussed – to scale up the value of conferences to the population at large. In five studies, we tell participants about the impact of a consensus conference on a sample of citizens’ opinions for a range of policies without providing any new information about the inherent value of the policy itself. For several of the policies, we see a shift in opinion. We conclude that the value of consensus conferences can be scaled up simply by telling an electorate about its results. This suggests an economical way to bring evidence and rational argument to bear on citizens’ policy attitudes.

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