Are recreational cannabis laws associated with declining medical cannabis program enrollment in the U.S.? An analysis of cardholder enrollment and demographic characteristics from 2013 to 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 103531
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Okey ◽  
Saul A. Castro ◽  
Jack T. Waddell ◽  
Connor B. Jones ◽  
Austin J. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Program Enrollment ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals 1717. Relationship between Neighborhood Census-tract Level Poverty and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-associated Hospitalizations in U.S. adults, 2015-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S842-S843
Author(s):  
Jenna Holmen ◽  
Art Reingold ◽  
Erica Bye ◽  
Lindsey Kim ◽  
Evan J Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background In the U.S., RSV is increasingly recognized as a cause of hospitalization for adults with respiratory illness. In adults > 50 years of age, it accounts for up to 12% of medically-attended acute respiratory illnesses and has a case fatality proportion of ~ 6–8%. Poverty can have important influences on health on both the individual level as well as the community level. Few studies have evaluated the relationship of RSV and poverty level, and no identified studies have evaluated this relationship among adults. We evaluated the incidence of RSV-associated hospitalizations in adults across multiple sites in the U.S. by census-tract (CT) level poverty. Methods Medical record data abstraction was conducted for all adults with a laboratory-confirmed RSV infection admitted to a hospital within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Emerging Infections Program catchment areas within California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, and Tennessee during the 2015–2017 RSV seasons (October-April). Patient addresses were geocoded to their corresponding CT. CTs were divided into four levels of poverty, as selected in prior publications, based on American Community Survey data of percentage of people living below the poverty level: 0–4.9%, 5–9.9%, 10-19.9%, and ³20%. Incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of RSV cases in each CT poverty-level (numerator) by the number of adults living in each CT poverty level (denominator), as determined from the 2010 US census, and standardized for age. Results There were 1713 RSV case-patients with demographic characteristics (Table 1). The incidence of RSV-associated hospitalizations of adults increased with increasing CT level poverty (Figure 1 and Table 2). The risk of RSV-associated hospitalization was 2.58 times higher in census tracts with the highest (20%) versus the lowest (< 5%) percentages of individuals living below the poverty level. Table 1: Demographic characteristics of adults with an RSV-associated hospitalization, 2015-2017. Figure 1. Age-adjusted incidence rate of RSV-associated hospitalizations of adults by census-tract poverty level, 2015-2017 Table 2. Incidence rate ratios for RSV-associated hospitalizations of adults by census-tract poverty level, 2015-2017. Conclusion The incidence rate of RSV-associated hospitalization in adults appears to have a positive association with increasing CT level of poverty; however, this trend reached significance only among cases living in CTs with higher percentages of poverty (≥ 10%). Disclosures Evan J. Anderson, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals Cross-Country Comparisons of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among 5-Year-Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kerry L. McIver ◽  
Russell R. Pate ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Suzanne Bennett Johnson ◽  
Jimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The U.S

Purpose. Previous studies have observed that physical activity (PA) levels tend to be lower in the U.S. population than in many other countries. Within the U.S., PA levels in children are lower in the South than in other regions. Cross-country and interregional differences in PA have not been studied in young children. Methods. In an ongoing study of children at genetic risk for Type 1 diabetes, PA was measured by accelerometry in samples of 5-year-old children (n=2008) from Finland (n=370), Germany (n=85), Sweden (n=706), and the U.S. (n=847). The U.S. sample was drawn from centers in Washington State, Colorado, and Georgia/Florida. Children wore accelerometers for 7 days, and the data were reduced to daily minutes of light-, moderate- (MPA), vigorous- (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous- (MVPA) intensity PA and sedentary behavior. Multiple regression was used to compare children across countries and across regions in the U.S, adjusting for wear time, body mass index, and demographic characteristics. Results. After adjusting for previously mentioned factors, MVPA and MPA were lower in U.S. children than those in Finland and Sweden. Estimates of physical activity were higher in Finland than in other countries, although not all comparisons were significantly different. U.S children spent significantly more time in sedentary behavior than children in Finland (p<0.0001). Within the U.S., children’s PA was consistently lowest in Georgia/Florida and highest in Washington. Conclusions. Cross-country differences in PA, previously reported for adults and adolescents, are evident in 5-year-old children. In general, PA levels are lower in U.S. children than their European counterparts, and within the U.S., are lower in Georgia/Florida and Colorado than in Washington. Future studies should be designed to identify the factors that explain these differences.

Arab Americans: Migration, Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias T. Nigem
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
National Average ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Migration History ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Group ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the status of Arab Americans in the United States in light of their migration history and selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using the “Ancestry question” to define this group, and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and other secondary sources, the findings indicate that Arab Americans, although a recent group, share similar migratory forces with other emigrant groups. However, they are above the national average in terms of socioeconomic status. Also, there appears to be a difference with respect to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics between those of single- and multiple-ancestry groups.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Vaping and Smoking as Modes of Delivery for Nicotine and Cannabis among Youth in Canada, England and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathima Fataar ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The U.S

Background: Vaping has become an increasingly common mode of administration for both nicotine and cannabis, with overlap among users, devices, as well as nicotine and cannabis companies. There is a need to understand patterns of use among youth, including the way nicotine and cannabis are administered. Methods: Data are from Wave 2 of the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping survey, an online survey conducted in 2018 among 16–19 year-olds recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n = 3757), England (n = 3819), and the U.S. (n = 3961). The prevalence of past 30-day vaping nicotine, non-nicotine and cannabis substances, as well as cannabis modes of use was examined. Logistic regression models examined between country differences in prevalence. Results: Past 30-day cannabis use was highest among Canadian youth (16.6%), followed by youth in the U.S. (13.8%) and England (9.0%). Vaping e-cigarettes was substantially more prevalent than vaping cannabis in all three countries. All forms of cannabis use were higher among Canadian and U.S. youth compared to England (p < 0.001 for all). Past 30-day cannabis users in the U.S. were more likely to report vaping cannabis oil (30.1%), and consuming solid concentrates such as wax and shatter (30.2%), compared to cannabis users in Canada (18.6% and 22.9%) and England (14.3% and 11.0%; p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Youth are administering cannabis and nicotine using a wide diversity of modes. Cannabis users in the U.S.—where an increasing number of states have legalized medical and non-medical cannabis—reported notably higher use of more potent cannabis products, including cannabis oils and extracts.

scholarly journals How faculty define quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257340
Author(s):  
Esteban Morales ◽  
Erin C. McKiernan ◽  
Meredith T. Niles ◽  
Lesley Schimanski ◽  
Juan Pablo Alperin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The U.S

Despite the calls for change, there is significant consensus that when it comes to evaluating publications, review, promotion, and tenure processes should aim to reward research that is of high "quality," is published in "prestigious" journals, and has an "impact." Nevertheless, such terms are highly subjective and present challenges to ascertain precisely what such research looks like. Accordingly, this article responds to the question: how do faculty from universities in the United States and Canada define the terms quality, prestige, and impact of academic journals? We address this question by surveying 338 faculty members from 55 different institutions in the U.S. and Canada. While relying on self-reported definitions that are not linked to their behavior, this study’s findings highlight that faculty often describe these distinct terms in overlapping ways. Additionally, results show that marked variance in definitions across faculty does not correspond to demographic characteristics. This study’s results highlight the subjectivity of common research terms and the importance of implementing evaluation regimes that do not rely on ill-defined concepts and may be context specific.

scholarly journals Does the Length of Fielding Period Matter? Examining Response Scores of Early Versus Late Responders

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sigman ◽  
Taylor Lewis ◽  
Naomi Dyer Yount ◽  
Kimya Lee
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Global Satisfaction ◽  
Federal Employee ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This article discusses the potential effects of a shortened fielding period on an employee survey’s item and index scores and respondent demographics. Using data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management’s 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, we investigate whether early responding employees differ from later responding employees. Specifically, we examine differences in item and index scores related to employee engagement and global satisfaction. Our findings show that early responders tend to be less positive, even after adjusting their weights for nonresponse. Agencies vary in their prevalence of late responders, and score differences become magnified as this proportion increases. We also examine the extent to which early versus late responders differ on demographic characteristics such as grade level, supervisory status, gender, tenure with agency, and intention to leave, noting that nonminorities and females are the two demographic characteristics most associated with responding early.

Consumer Knowledge, Storage, and Handling Practices Regarding Listeria in Frankfurters and Deli Meats: Results of a Web-Based Survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1630-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERYL C. CATES ◽  
ROBERTA A. MORALES ◽  
SHAWN A. KARNS ◽  
LEE-ANN JAYKUS ◽  
KATHERINE M. KOSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Consumer Knowledge ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
The U.S

Proper storage and handling of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods can help reduce the risk of listeriosis. A national Web-based survey was conducted to measure consumer awareness and knowledge of Listeria and to estimate the prevalence of the U.S. Department of Agriculture–recommended consumer storage and handling practices for frankfurters and deli meats. The demographic characteristics of consumers who are unaware of Listeria and who do not follow the recommended storage guidelines were also assessed. In addition, predictive models were developed to determine which consumers engage in risky storage practices. Less than half of the consumers surveyed were aware of Listeria, and most of those aware were unable to identify associated food vehicles. Awareness was lower among adults 60 years of age and older, an at-risk population for listeriosis, and individuals with relatively less education and lower incomes. Most households safely stored and prepared frankfurters. Most households stored unopened packages of vacuum-packed deli meats in the refrigerator within the U.S. Department of Agriculture–recommended storage guidelines (≤14 days); however, many stored opened packages of vacuum-packed deli meats and freshly sliced deli meats for longer than the recommended time (≤5 days). Men, more-educated individuals, and individuals living in metropolitan areas were more likely to engage in risky storage practices. This study identified the need to develop targeted educational initiatives on listeriosis prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sensory Dysfunction in Smell and/or Taste in Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury and Link to Demographics and Comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyan M Cabello Ballester ◽  
Isabel C Borrás-Fernández ◽  
Gerardo Jovet-Toledo ◽  
Irma L Molina-Vicenty
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Combat Veterans ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sensory Dysfunction ◽  
Taste Dysfunction ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) entails chronic neurological symptoms and deficits, such as smell and taste impairment. In the general population, a prevalence of 13.5% for smell impairment, 17% for taste impairment, and 2.2% for both have been reported. Studies establishing prevalence of sensorial dysfunction in the U.S. general population showed that prevalence increased with age and was higher in ethnic minorities and men. To understand the mechanisms that lead to these deficits, the prevalence of sensory dysfunction was studied in the Veteran TBI population of the VA Caribbean Healthcare System (VACHS). The aims were to find the prevalence of sensorial dysfunction in smell and/or taste in TBI patients at the VACHS Polytrauma Clinic and its association with demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. The hypothesis was that the prevalence of sensory dysfunction in smell and/or taste of VACHS Veterans (mostly Hispanics minority) with TBI will be higher than the one historically reported in the literature for the U.S. general population. Materials and Methods A retrospective record review was held at the VACHS Polytrauma Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020 (before coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic) to evaluate the prevalence of sensory dysfunction. Data on demographics and comorbidities in the electronic medical records, and the TBI Second-Level Evaluation note, that was previously completed by a physician from the Polytrauma Clinic at the VACHS to diagnose and characterized the TBI event, were reviewed. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. To establish the relation among demographic characteristics and comorbidities with the prevalence of smell and/or taste sensory dysfunction, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Results A total of 81 records were reviewed. This corresponded to all the patients diagnosed with TBI in the VACHS Polytrauma Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020. The prevalence of sensory dysfunction in the studied population was 38.3%. Men tend to present a higher prevalence of smell and/or taste dysfunction (40.0%) in comparison with women (16.7%); however, the difference did not achieve statistical significance (P = .399). Hispanics had a relatively higher prevalence of sensory dysfunction than non-Hispanics, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .210). Forty-nine subjects were combat Veterans (60.5%). There was a significant correlation regarding the combat status of the subjects (P = .014), where 24 of the 49 combat Veterans presented smell and/or taste dysfunction (49.0%). A marginal significance was observed for obesity; obese participants were less likely to have a significant smell and/or taste dysfunction (P = .053). Conclusion The investigators found that the prevalence of sensory dysfunction in smell and/or taste in VACHS Veterans with TBI was 38.3% (n = 31). A significant association was found between smell and/or taste dysfunction and being a combat veteran (P = .018). A marginally significant association to obesity was also observed (P = .053). To the scientific community, the results will serve as a base for sensorial dysfunction and TBI research given that this prevalence, and the correlation to demographics and comorbidities, has not been fully established in the Veteran population.

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