Factors associated with opioid-involved overdose among previously incarcerated people in the U.S.: A community engaged narrative review

2022 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 103534
Author(s):  
Juliet M. Flam-Ross ◽  
Josh Lown ◽  
Prasad Patil ◽  
Laura F. White ◽  
Jianing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Virological Factors Associated with Failure to the Latest Generation of Direct Acting Agents (DAA) and Re-Treatment Strategy: A Narrative Review

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Onorato ◽  
Mariantonietta Pisaturo ◽  
Mario Starace ◽  
Carmine Minichini ◽  
Alessandra Di Fraia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral Agents

The availability of all oral direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has revolutionized the management of HCV infections in recent years, allowing to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) in more than 95% of cases, irrespective of hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype or staging of liver disease. Although rare, the failure to the latest-generation regimens (grazoprevir/elbasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, pibrentasvir/glecaprevir) represents a serious clinical problem, since the data available in the literature on the virological characteristics and management of these patients are few. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide an overview of the impact of baseline RASs in patients treated with the latest-generation DAAs and to analyze the efficacy of the available retreatment strategies in those who have failed these regimens.

scholarly journals Age, Race, and At-Risk Drinking in an HIV-infected U.S. Military Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (5-6) ◽  
pp. e263-e267
Author(s):  
Morgan Byrne ◽  
Robert Deiss ◽  
Octavio Mesner ◽  
Margaret Glancey ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Caucasian Race ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction There is a high prevalence of at-risk drinking in the U.S. military. Among HIV-infected individuals, alcohol abuse confers additional risk for adverse health outcomes. In the military, however, the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who engage in high-risk drinking are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with at-risk drinking in an HIV-positive longitudinal cohort of DoD beneficiaries. Materials and Methods Annual prevalence of at-risk drinking was calculated for members of the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during or after January 2006 through May 2014; each participant completed at least one self-reported alcohol survey within a year of HAART initiation. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with at-risk drinking. Results Sixty-six percent of subjects (495/752) reported at-risk drinking on at least one survey after HAART initiation. At-risk drinkers were more likely to be Active Duty compared to Retired (OR 0.65 95% CI [0.46, 0.92]). In multivariate models, Caucasian race (OR 3.30 95% CI [2.31, 4.71]); Hispanic/other race (OR 2.17 95% CI [1.51, 3.14]) and younger age (OR 0.61 per 10 years older, [95%CI 0.49, 0.75]) were significantly associated with at-risk drinking. Single relationship status (OR 1.51 95% CI [1.08, 2.13]) was also associated with at-risk drinking. Conclusions Consistent with general alcohol consumption patterns in the military, we found a high prevalence of at-risk drinking among individuals with HIV infection, which was associated most closely with young, non-African Americans. Targeting interventions toward this group will be important to reduce at-risk drinking and its potential for HIV-related complications.

scholarly journals Social Support and Other Factors Associated with HIV Testing by Hispanic/Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in the U.S. South

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (S3) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Painter ◽  
Eunyoung Y. Song ◽  
Mary M. Mullins ◽  
Lilli Mann-Jackson ◽  
Jorge Alonzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The U.S

Factors Associated with Salmonella Prevalence on Pork Carcasses in Very Small Abattoirs in Wisconsin

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. ALGINO ◽  
G. A. BADTRAM ◽  
B. H. INGHAM ◽  
S. C. INGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Percent Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Chilled Pork ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has expressed concern over Salmonella prevalence on pork carcasses. Our objectives were to survey the prevalence of Salmonella on pork carcasses in very small Wisconsin abattoirs, and identify processing conditions and indicator bacteria levels associated with reduced Salmonella prevalence. During April to July 2007, sponge samples were obtained from 181 pork carcasses at 10 Wisconsin abattoirs before carcass washing (carcass half A), and after washing and chilling and before fabrication (carcass half B). Each sample was categorized by whether the carcass was skinned, by wash-water temperature (7 to 43°C), and the duration (1 or 2 days), temperature, and percent relative humidity of chilling. Sponge samples were analyzed qualitatively for Salmonella and quantitatively for Escherichia coli, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic plate count (APC). Salmonella prevalences on skinned and unskinned prewash carcasses were 11.7 and 8.3%, respectively. Corresponding values for chilled carcasses were 32.0 and 19.5% for 1-day chilled carcasses, and 11.4 and 14.7% for 2-day chilled carcasses. Lower Salmonella prevalence on prewash carcasses was significantly related to lower prewash carcass APC levels (odds ratio = 7.8 per change of 1.0 log CFU/cm2), while lower Salmonella prevalence on chilled carcasses was significantly related to 2-day chilling (odds ratio = 5.2), and chilled-carcass levels of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and APC (odds ratio = 1.5 to 1.9 per change of 1.0 log CFU/cm2). Salmonella prevalence on chilled pork carcasses in very small Wisconsin plants could be reduced by chilling carcasses 2 days before fabrication and improving carcass-handling hygiene.

scholarly journals To SPB or not to SPB? A mixed methods analysis of self-protective behaviours to prevent repeat victimisation from cyber abuse

Crime Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina I. Vakhitova ◽  
Rob I. Mawby ◽  
Clair L. Alston-Knox ◽  
Callum A. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Bayesian Variable Selection ◽  
Stochastic Search ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Privacy Settings ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Protective Behaviours ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Cyber Abuse

Abstract This paper presents the findings from a mixed-methods examination of self-protective behaviours (SPBs) adopted by victims of cyber abuse from the rational choice perspective. The data from a sample of the U.S. adults ($$N = 746$$ N = 746 ), members of an online opt-in panel, were analysed to first distinguish the types of SPBs adopted by victims of cyber abuse using a thematic analysis of open-ended responses. We then identified the factors associated with an increased likelihood of adopting SPBs and the specific identified types of SPBs using logistic regression with Bayesian variable selection and a stochastic search algorithm. Of the six identified types of SPBs, adjusting privacy settings was the most commonly reported response, and improving security (e.g. changing passwords, etc.) was the least common SPB. Older victims who reported higher than the average perceived impact from victimisation, were abused by a stranger and experienced either surveillance of their online activities or multiple types of abuse, were significantly more likely to adopt an SPB. Our findings inform strategies for both Internet user education and for preventing cyber abuse victimisation.

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