The reinforcing value of food and non-food alternative: Associations with BMI z-score and percent fat mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 101316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Wong ◽  
Kai Ling Kong ◽  
Andrea C. Buchholz ◽  
Jess Haines
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Reinforcing Value

scholarly journals Asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO y marcadores de adiposidad en población infantil chilena

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Natalia Ulloa ◽  
Marcelo Villagrán ◽  
Benilde Riffo ◽  
Andrea Gleisner ◽  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Qiagen Gmbh

La obesidad es una enfermedad inflamatoria donde la genética determina cierto nivel de riesgo. Aun cuando existen estudios que reportan asociación entre polimorfismos de FTO (fat-mass associated gene) y adiposidad, existe limitada evidencia en población infantil chilena.Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del FTO y marcadores de adiposidad en población infantil chilena.Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal incluyó 361 participantes (de 6 a 11 años; 50% niñas). Los datos clínicos y la recolección de muestras de sangre se realizaron entre marzo y junio de 2008. El polimorfismo SNP (rs9939609), del gen FTO, se determinó utilizando ADN genómico extraído de leucocitos, utilizando el Mini Kit QIAamp DNA Blood (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Alemania). Los marcadores de adiposidad estudiados fueron, índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa grasa, perímetro de cintura (PC) y razón cintura/talla, y se compararon ajustados por sexo, edad y estadío de Tanner. La asociación entre el polimorfismo estudiado y los marcadores de obesidad se realizó mediante análisis de regresión lineal.Resultados: Al ajustar los marcadores por sexo, edad y estadío de Tanner se observó una asociación significativa entre el polimorfismo e indicadores de adiposidad. Por cada copia extra del alelo de riesgo se encontró un aumento de 2,47 kg de peso corporal, (IC 19 95%: 1,39 -3,55); 1,06 kg/m2 de IMC, (IC 95%: 0,56-1,54); 2,55 cm de PC, (IC 95%: 1,26-3,85) y en 1,98 % de masa grasa, (IC 95%: 0,78-3,19). Al convertir los marcadores de adiposidad a z-score, la razón perímetro de cintura/talla arrojó la mayor asociación con el alelo de riesgo de FTO.Conclusión: Este estudio indica asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO con marcadores de adiposidad general y central en población infantil en Chile.

scholarly journals Prematurity and Body Fat at 6, 18, and 30 Years of Age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 Birth Cohorts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cardozo Bortolotto ◽  
Iná Santos ◽  
Juliana dos Santos Vaz ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Aluísio J.D. B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Prevention Of Prematurity

Abstract Background: Our aim was to investigate the association between preterm birth and body fat at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies. Methods: Information on gestational age (GA) gathered in the hospital of birth in the first 24-hours after the delivery was obtained for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in the years 2004, 1993 and 1982. GA was defined by the date of last menstrual period and was later categorized in ≤33, 34-36 and ≥37 weeks. Body fat was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Outcomes included fat mass (FM, kg), percent fat mass (%FM), fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 at 18 years in the 1993 cohort and at 30 years in the 1982 cohort; and BMI Z-score, at 6 years in the 2004 cohort). Crude and adjusted linear regression provided beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).Results: A total of 3036, 3027, and 2417 participants, respectively, from the 2004, 1993, and 1982 cohorts were analyzed. At 6 years, boys born at 34-36 weeks GA presented lower adjusted mean %FM (β: -2.91%; -4.45--1.36), FMI (β: -0.70 kg/m2 ; -1.13--0.28) and BMI Z-score (β: -0.48 kg/m2; -0.79--0.16), when compared to boys born at term (≥37). At 30 years, FM (15.6kg; 0.40-30.90), %FM (13.65%; 1.38-25.92) and FMI (5.3kg/m2; 0.30-10.37) were higher among males born at ≤33 weeks, with no statistical difference as compared to those born at term. No association was found between GA and body fat at the 1993 cohort (18 years) for both sexes. Conclusions: Given the large number of preterm infants born each year, prevention of prematurity is essential as there are possible links between body composition and diseases later in life.

scholarly journals Obesity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: the evaluation of causes, hidden nutritional deficiency and the experience of its correction by using artificial enteral nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vashura ◽  
E. V. Zhukovskaya ◽  
S. S. Lukina ◽  
A. E. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Z Score

Background. Antineoplastic treatment can have late toxic manifestations that can often appear after end of treatment. Children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a risk of developing both obesity and undernutrition, which may be concealed by increased fat mass.Objective: to explore the incidence of obesity and hidden undernutrition in children with ALL and to describe the effect of enteral feeding using in these children.Materials and methods. In a retrospective study the data of 62 children with obesity that was revealed by standard examination was analyzed. The criterion of obesity was increased value of fat mass received by bioimpedance analysis. For this evaluation Russian bioimpedance analysis standards were used. Additionally, the included data were following: presence of endocrine pathology, weight change during latter 6 months before admission, physical activity and alimentary characteristics (usual regimen and structure of daily feed).Results. Only 54.8 % of patients with an actual excess of fat body mass index detected obesity (Z‑score higher than +2.00) and another 29 % body mass index was within the normal range (Z‑score from –1.00 to +1.00). This was the result of a tissue imbalance: reduce fat‑free mass. Some patients were diagnosed with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. 83.7 % have a completely passive lifestyle. 49.0 % almost do not eat fruits and berries, 79.6 % – vegetables and 91.8 % – fish and seafood. Frequent intake of sweet dishes – 22.4 %, sausage products – 49.0 %, bakery products – 42.9 %, dishes from fast food restaurants – 42.9 %. 55.1 % of patients had more than 5 meals a day, while 18.4 % – less than 3. In or‑ der to correct hidden nutritional deficiencies, 22 patients received artificial nutritional formulas. They had a significant increase in fat‑free mass and a decrease in fat, in comparison with those who did not receive enteral feeding.Conclusion. Treatment‑associated factors, physical activity and alimentary causes play an important role in formation of not only obesity, but also hidden nutritional insufficiency in children with ALL after treatment. Enteral feeding using artificial polymeric formulas showed its effectiveness. An integrated and multidisciplinary approach to solving the problem is appropriate of prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and body composition in adolescents with failure to thrive

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Thiago Sacchetto de Andrade ◽  
Luiz Anderson Lopes ◽  
Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Vera Lucia Szejnfeld ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Fat

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate bone mineral mass in adolescents with failure to thrive in relation to body composition. Methods A case control study involving 126 adolescents (15 to 19 years), in final puberty maturation being 76 eutrophic and 50 with failure to thrive (genetic or constitutional delay of growth), of matching ages, gender and pubertal maturation. The weight, height and calculated Z score for height/age and body mass index; bone mineral content, bone mineral density and adjusted bone mineral density were established for total body, lower back and femur; total fat-free mass and height-adjusted fat-free mass index, total fat mass and height-adjusted. The statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test (weight, height and body composition); Mann-Whitney test (bone mass) and multiple linear regression (bone mass determinants). Results weight, height and height/age Z-score were significantly higher among eutrophic subjects. Both groups did not show statistically significant differences for fat mass, percentage of fat mass, total fat mass height adjusted and fat-free mass index height sadjusted. However, total free fat maass was smaller for the failure to thrive group. Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference for bone mass measurements among adolescents with failure to thrive; however, the factors that determine bone mass formation should be better studied due to the positive correlation with free fat mass detected in these individuals.

scholarly journals Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and the Ageing Bone: Their Singular and Combined Roles Linked to Physical Activity and Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tomlinson ◽  
Robert Erskine ◽  
Christopher Morse ◽  
Gladys Onambélé
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Fat Mass Index

This study took a multi-analytical approach including group differences, correlations and unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons to identify the key mediators of bone health. A total of 190 participants (18–80 years) were categorized by body fat%, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) to examine the effect of differing obesity criteria on bone characteristics. A subset of 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults (44–80 years) was randomly selected to examine any added impact of lifestyle and inflammatory profiles. Diet was assessed using a 3-day food diary, bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar, thoracic, (upper and lower) appendicular and pelvic areas. Physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, and endocrine profiling was assessed using multiplex luminometry. Obesity, classed via BMI, positively affected 20 out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures, whereas FMI was associated with 14 outcome measures and adiposity only modulated nine out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures. Whilst bivariate correlations only linked vitamin A and relative protein intake with BMD, the Z-score composite summary presented a significantly different overall dietary quality between healthy and osteopenic individuals. In addition, bivariate correlations from the subset revealed daily energy intake, sport-based physical activity and BMI positive mediators of seven out of 10 BMD sites with age and body fat% shown to be negative mediators of bone characteristics. In conclusion, whilst BMI is a good indicator of bone characteristics, high body fat% should also be the focus of osteoporosis risk with ageing. Interestingly, high BMI in conjunction with moderate to vigorous activity supplemented with an optimal diet (quality and quantity) are identified as positive modulators of bone heath.

The relevance of left ventricular functions to clinical and metabolic characteristics of prepubertal children with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Rakha ◽  
Nanees Salem ◽  
Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek ◽  
Donia M. Sobh ◽  
Farahat El-Moslemany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Ventricular Functions

Abstract Background: Paediatric obesity is a worldwide health burden, with growing evidence linking obesity to myocardial function impairments. The study aims to evaluate left ventricular functions among prepubertal obese children to obesity-related clinical and metabolic parameters. Methods: Between June 2019 and March 2020, 40 prepubertal children with obesity were recruited and compared to 40 healthy controls. Patients were assessed for body mass index z scores, waist circumference, body adiposity by bioimpedance analysis, and obesity-related laboratory tests, for example, serum chemerin. Left ventricular functions were assessed using variable echocardiographic modalities, such as M-mode, tissue Doppler, and two-dimensional speckle tracking. Results: Mean patients’ age was 9.25 ± 1.05 years. Left ventricular mass index, E/E’, and myocardial performance index were significantly increased in obese children than controls. Although M-mode-derived ejection fraction was comparable in both groups, two-dimensional speckle tracking-derived ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and global circumferential strain were significantly lower in cases than controls. Left ventricular mass index displayed a positive correlation with body mass index z score (p = 0.003), fat mass index (p = 0.037), and trunk fat mass (p = 0.021). Global longitudinal strain was negatively correlated with body mass index z score (p = 0.015) and fat mass index (p = 0.016). Serum chemerin was positively correlated with myocardial performance index (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Alterations of left ventricular myocardial functions in prepubertal obese children could be detected using different echocardiographic modalities. Chemerin, body mass index z score, fat mass index, and trunk fat mass were correlated with subclinical left ventricular myocardial dysfunction parameters before puberty. Our results reinforce early and strict management of childhood obesity upon detection of changes in anthropometric and body adiposity indices.

scholarly journals Effects of Weight History on the Association Between Directly Measured Adiposity and Mortality in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1943
Author(s):  
Joshua F Baker ◽  
Susan L Ziolkowski ◽  
Jin Long ◽  
Mary B Leonard ◽  
Andrew Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Z Score ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Background It is controversial whether an altered relationship between adiposity and mortality occurs with aging. We evaluated associations between adiposity and mortality in younger and older participants before and after considering historical weight loss. Methods This study used whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in adults at least 20 years of age. Fat mass index (FMI), determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, was converted to age-, sex-, and race-specific Z-Scores. Percent change in weight from the maximum reported weight was determined and categorized. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between quintile of FMI Z-Score and mortality. Sequential models adjusted for percent weight change since the maximum weight. Results Participants with lower FMI were more likely to have lost weight from their maximum, particularly among older participants with lower FMI. Substantially greater risk of mortality was observed for the highest quintile of FMI Z-Score compared to the second quintile among younger individuals [HR 2.50 (1.69, 3.72) p < .001]. In contrast, a more modest association was observed among older individuals in the highest quintile [HR 1.23 (0.99, 1.52) p = .06] (p for interaction <.001). In both the younger and older participants, the risks of greater FMI Z-Score were magnified when adjusting for percent weight change since maximum reported weight. Conclusions Older people with low fat mass report greater historical weight loss, potentially explaining substantially altered relationships between fat mass and mortality in older individuals. As a result, epidemiologic studies performed in older populations will likely underestimate the causal risks of excess adiposity.

Graphical Exploration of Dimensions of Preterm Infant Growth in Weight in Association With Biological, Nutritional, and Energy Expenditure Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pridham ◽  
Roger Brown ◽  
Janine M. Bamberger ◽  
Jonathan Wells ◽  
Frank Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

The small sample sizes of studies involving preterm infants limit the use of statistics for examination of multivariate conditions contributing to clinically important growth dimensions of weight: rate of weight gain, body composition (fat-free and fat mass), and weight relative to reference infants (z score). The authors used graphical analyses, including multivariate proportional matrix, parallel coordinates, and bivariate plots with regression lines and splines, to explore specific variables derived from a theoretical model of biological, nutritional intake, and energy expenditure conditions influencing growth dimensions. The sample included 28 infants in 4 birth-weight categories: extremely low (<1,000 g), very low/smaller (1,000—1,249 g), very low/larger (1,250—1,499 g), and low (1,500—1,750 g). The authors examined the rate of weight gain before and after nipple feeding initiation. Fat-free mass was estimated with total body water and fetal reference data, and fat mass with skinfold thicknesses. Despite infants achieving the expected rate of weight gain for a fetus of the same postconceptional age, by hospital discharge 13 infants showed growth restriction with weight <10th centile. Infants with respiratory distress syndrome history were highest in negative z-score change from regain of birth weight to discharge, despite higher ordering on protein intake and fat-free mass. Graphical analyses provided visual patterns of distributions and orderings of measures of multiple variables that, taken together, identified potential influencing conditions and raised questions for further study. Other variables, including feeding protocols and practices, infant feeding competence, and health status, may contribute to variability in weight growth dimensions and influence relationships with biologic, nutritional, and energy expenditure conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of Optimized Protein in Infant Formula on the Metabolic and Nutritional Health in Infants: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gutierrez-Castrellon ◽  
Javier Luna-Carrasco ◽  
Anahi Anzo-Osorio ◽  
Luisa Diaz Garcia ◽  
Salvador Villalpando-carrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Background. Increasing evidence demonstrate that concentration of protein in infant formula &gt;1.9g/100Kcal with high levels of insulinogenic aminoacids is associated with accelerated weight gain, increased fat mass accumulation and risk of adiposity. Purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the metabolic effects in infants feed with infant formula optimized in protein. Methods. Systematic review was conducted according PRISMA Statement. RCTs with one intervention group (infant formula with 1.6-1.9gr of protein/100Kcal) and at least one comparative control group (infant formula with &gt;1.9gr of protein/100Kcal) were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD), through random model were calculated. Results. 15 RCT were included. Optimized protein in infant formula was associated with less gain of BMI at 24 months of follow-up (SMD -0.25, IC95% -0.36 to -0.13, p 0.01) and less fat mass accumulation (SMD -0.68, IC95% -0.98 to -0.37, p 0.01). Optimized protein was also associated to less gain of weight, weight/age Z-score, weight/length Z-score, BUN (mmol/dL) and IGF1 (ng/ml). No effect on length/age Z-score was observed. Conclusions. Robust evidence showed optimized protein (1.6gr/100Kcal to 1.9gr/100Kcal) in infant formula is associated with metabolic benefits in infants with less weight gain, BMI and fat mass accumulation.

scholarly journals Nutritional intervention in childhood overweight – Efficacy of the motivational multidisciplinary individualized treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Cabral ◽  
Inês Asseiceira ◽  
Joana Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Pediatric Overweight

Abstract Background: The increase in prevalence of pre-obesity and childhood obesity in most European countries led to the need to develop effective interventions to reverse this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a behavioral protocol for the treatment of pediatric overweight. Methods: The study sample consisted of overweight children/adolescents between six and eighteen years old. The individuals who were intervened with the application of a behavioral contract belonged to Behavioral Group (BG) and those who received standard treatment belonged to the Standard Treatment Group (STG). The evolution of the Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score and body composition were evaluated. Results: The BG significantly decreased the Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score both in the middle and at the end of the intervention, but the STG only significantly decreased the BMI z-score at the end of the intervention. We were also found that the BG significantly decreased the fat mass index (p< 0,05) compared to the STG (p> 0,05) after twelve months. Conclusion: The use of a behavioral approach for the treatment of pediatric overweight showed an improvement in fat mass index and a decrease in BMI at twelve months when compared to a standard intervention. Thus, the behavioral approach seems to be more effective than a standard long-term nutritional approach . In summary, the child's accountability in its overweight treatment process seems to be effective.

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