Modeling the impact of immigration and climatic conditions on the epidemic spreading based on cellular automata approach

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

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A Predictive Model of the Impact of the Skidding System on Forest Soil in Severe Climatic Conditions

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal) ◽

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-131-144 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 131-144

Author(s):

S.E. Rudov ◽

◽

V.Ya. Shapiro ◽

O.I. Grigoreva ◽

I.V. Grigorev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Warm Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Soil Freezing ◽

Class Iii ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Metal Structures ◽

Rapid Adjustment ◽

Soil Freezing And Thawing ◽

The Impact

In the Russian Federation logging operations are traditionally carried out in winter. This is due to the predominance of areas with swamped and water-logged (class III and IV) soils in the forest fund, where work of forestry equipment is difficult, and sometimes impossible in the warm season. The work of logging companies in the forests of the cryolithozone, characterized by a sharply continental climate, with severe frosts in winter, is hampered by the fact that forest machines are not recommended to operate at temperatures below –40 °C due to the high probability of breaking of metal structures and hydraulic system. At the same time, in the warm season, most of the cutting areas on cryosolic soils become difficult to pass for heavy forest machines. It turns out that the convenient period for logging in the forests of the cryolithozone is quite small. This results in the need of work in the so-called off-season period, when the air temperature becomes positive, and the thawing processes of the soil top layer begin. The same applies to the logging companies not operating in the conditions of cryosolic soils, for instance, in the Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Vologda regions, etc. The observed climate warming has led to a significant reduction in the sustained period of winter logging. Frequent temperature transitions around 0 °C in winter, autumn and spring necessitate to work during the off-season too, while cutting areas thaw. In bad seasonal and climatic conditions, which primarily include off-season periods in general and permafrost in particular, it is very difficult to take into account in mathematical models features of soil freezing and thawing and their effect on the destruction nature. The article shows that the development of long-term predictive models of indicators of cyclic interaction between the skidding system and forest soil in adverse climatic conditions of off-season logging operations in order to improve their reliability requires rapid adjustment of the calculated parameters based on the actual experimental data at a given step of the cycles.

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Conventional and Organic Honeys as a Source of Water- and Ethanol Soluble Molecules with Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3746

Author(s):

Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska ◽

Małgorzata Tańska

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Immune System ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Production Method ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Organic Production ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

The Impact

The benefits of natural honeybee products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, beeswax, propolis, beevenom and pollen) to the immune system are remarkable, and many of them are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells and stimulation of the immune system. The type of plants in the geographical area, climatic conditions and production method have a significantly influence on the nutritional quality of honey. However, this variability can influence consumer liking by the sensory attributes of the product. The aim of this work was to compare the most popular honeys from Poland in terms of nutritional value, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, five varieties of honey (honeydew, forest, buckwheat, linden and dandelion) from conventional and organic production methods were tested. The nutritional characteristics of honey samples included acidity, content of water, sugars, vitamin C, HMF and phenolics (total and flavonoids), while honey color, taste, aroma and consistency were investigated in the organoleptic characteristics. The antioxidant activity was determined in water- and ethanol-soluble honey extracts using DPPH and ORAC tests. The results showed that organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of popular Polish honeys differ significantly in relation to plant source and production method. The significant effect of honey variety on the content of HMF, saccharose and phenolics, as well as acidity and antioxidant capacity were noted. The impact of variety and variety × production method interaction was significant in the case of the content of vitamin C, glucose and fructose. A visible difference of buckwheat and forest honeys from other samples was observed. The highest content of total phenolics with antioxidant activity based on the SET mechanism was found in buckwheat honeys, while forest honeys were richer in flavonoids.

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Effects of Climatic Conditions, Season and Environmental Factors on CO2 Concentrations in Naturally Ventilated Primary Schools in Chile

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4139

Author(s):

Muriel Diaz ◽

Mario Cools ◽

Maureen Trebilcock ◽

Beatriz Piderit-Moreno ◽

Shady Attia

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Building Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Indoor Environmental Quality ◽

Co2 Concentrations ◽

The Impact

Between the ages of 6 and 18, children spend between 30 and 42 h a week at school, mostly indoors, where indoor environmental quality is usually deficient and does not favor learning. The difficulty of delivering indoor air quality (IAQ) in learning facilities is related to high occupancy rates and low interaction levels with windows. In non-industrialized countries, as in the cases presented, most classrooms have no mechanical ventilation, due to energy poverty and lack of normative requirements. This fact heavily impacts the indoor air quality and students’ learning outcomes. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors that determine acceptable CO2 concentrations. Therefore, it studies air quality in free-running and naturally ventilated primary schools in Chile, aiming to identify the impact of contextual, occupant, and building design factors, using CO2 concentration as a proxy for IAQ. The monitoring of CO2, temperature, and humidity revealed that indoor air CO2 concentration is above 1400 ppm most of the time, with peaks of 5000 ppm during the day, especially in winter. The statistical analysis indicates that CO2 is dependent on climate, seasonality, and indoor temperature, while it is independent of outside temperature in heated classrooms. The odds of having acceptable concentrations of CO2 are bigger when indoor temperatures are high, and there is a need to ventilate for cooling.

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Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/09544070211020228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440702110202

Author(s):

Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽

Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽

Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽

Egidijus Slizys

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Technical Equipment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Military Vehicles ◽

Equipment Reliability ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

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Landscape pattern and economic factors’ effect on prediction accuracy of cellular automata-Markov chain model on county scale

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2020-0162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 626-636

Author(s):

Wang Song ◽

Zhao Yunlin ◽

Xu Zhenggang ◽

Yang Guiyan ◽

Huang Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Markov Chain ◽

Cellular Automata ◽

Markov Model ◽

Prediction Accuracy ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Chain Model ◽

The Impact ◽

County Scale

AbstractUnderstanding and modeling of land use change is of great significance to environmental protection and land use planning. The cellular automata-Markov chain (CA-Markov) model is a powerful tool to predict the change of land use, and the prediction accuracy is limited by many factors. To explore the impact of land use and socio-economic factors on the prediction of CA-Markov model on county scale, this paper uses the CA-Markov model to simulate the land use of Anren County in 2016, based on the land use of 1996 and 2006. Then, the correlation between the land use, socio-economic data and the prediction accuracy was analyzed. The results show that Shannon’s evenness index and population density having an important impact on the accuracy of model predictions, negatively correlate with kappa coefficient. The research not only provides a reference for correct use of the model but also helps us to understand the driving mechanism of landscape changes.

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Field survey on frost damage to roof tiles under climatic conditions

Structural Survey ◽

10.1108/ss-07-2015-0033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 135-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chiemi Iba ◽

Ayumi Ueda ◽

Shuichi Hokoi

Keyword(s):

Field Survey ◽

Winter Season ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Weather Data ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Content Type ◽

Roof Tile ◽

Deterioration Process ◽

The Impact

Purpose – Frost damage is well-known as the main cause of roof tile deterioration. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical model for predicting the deterioration process under certain climatic conditions. This paper describes the results of a field survey conducted to acquire fundamental information useful to this aim. Design/methodology/approach – A field survey of roof tile damage by freezing was conducted in an old temple precinct in Kyoto, Japan. Using detailed observations and photographic recordings, the damage progress was clarified. To examine the impact of climatic conditions upon the damage characteristics, weather data and roof tile temperatures were measured and logged in the winter season. Findings – The deterioration process was observed under the climatic conditions associated with the measured temperature of the roof tiles. In particular, it was revealed that the orientation has a significant influence on increasing or decreasing the risk of frost damage. For certain distinctive forms of damage, the deterioration mechanisms were estimated from the viewpoint of the moisture flow and temperature distribution in the tile. Originality/value – This study contributes to the elucidation of the mechanism behind frost damage to roof tiles. The findings will guide the construction of a numerical model for frost damage prediction.

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Effect of Urban Pollutants on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves of Hardwood Trees and Shrubs in Urban Green Spaces

Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution ◽

10.3233/ajw210012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 91-98

Author(s):

Sara Ghafari ◽

Behzad Kaviani ◽

Shahram Sedaghathoor ◽

Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Urban Air Pollution ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Hardwood Trees ◽

The Impact ◽

Trees And Shrubs

Trees and shrubs of green spaces can tolerate some physiological parameters. They can adapt to climatic conditions, hence, reduce air pollution and can be used as biological indicators in various researches. The present study aimed to explore the impact of urban air pollution on some parameters such as fresh, dry and turgor weight, amounts of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, and electrolyte leakage of 18 ornamental tree and shrub species in marginal and downtown parks of Rasht, Iran. The results revealed significant differences in turgor weight, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll a/b ratio, but insignificant differences in electrolyte leakage between the marginal and downtown sites. The results indicated that all quantitative variables of the leaves differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) among the species, except for fresh weight.

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Regulation and Critical Threshold of Grass Cover on Slope Runoff in LoessHilly Gully Region under Artificial

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4363 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiufen Zhang ◽

Xizhi Lv ◽

Rongxin Chen ◽

Yongxin Ni ◽

Li Ma

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

Critical Threshold ◽

Runoff Generation ◽

Grassland Vegetation ◽

Slope Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

Slope Runoff

The slope runoff caused by rainstorm is the main cause of serious soil and water loss in the loess hilly area, the grassland vegetation has a good inhibitory effect on the slope runoff, it is of great significance to reveal the role of grassland vegetation in the process of runoff generation and control mechanism for controlling soil erosion in this area. In this study, typical grassland slopes in hilly and gully regions of the loess plateau were taken as research objects. Through artificial rainfall in the field, the response rules of slope rainfall-runoff process to different grass coverage were explored. The results show that: (1) The time for the slope flow to stabilize is prolonged with the increase of vegetation coverage, and shortened with the increase of rainfall intensity; (2) At 60 mm&#183;h &#8722;1 rainfall intensity, the threshold of grassland vegetation coverage is 75.38%; at 90 mm&#183;h &#8722;1 rainfall intensity, the threshold of grassland vegetation coverage is 90.54%; at 120 mm&#183;h &#8722;1 rainfall intensity, the impact of grassland vegetation coverage on runoff is not significant; (3) the Reynolds number and Froude number of slope flow are 40.07&#8210;695.22 and 0.33&#8210;1.56 respectively, the drag coefficient is 1.42&#8210;43.53. Under conditions of heavy rainfall, the ability of grassland to regulate slope runoff is limited. If only turf protection is considered, about 90% of grassland coverage can effectively cope with soil erosion caused by climatic conditions in loess hilly and gully regions. Therefore, in loess hilly areas where heavy rains frequently occur, grassland's protective effect on soil erosion is obviously insufficient, and investment in vegetation measures for trees and shrubs should be strengthened.

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On Approaches to Taking into Account the Risks of Changing Climatic Conditions when Planning and Implementing Oil and Gas Projects

Issues of Risk Analysis ◽

10.32686/1812-5220-2021-18-1-52-65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 52-65

Author(s):

P. N. Mikheev

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Climate Risks ◽

The Impact

The article discusses issues related to the impact of climate change on the objects of the oil and gas industry. The main trends in climate change on a global and regional (on the territory of Russian Federation) scale are outlined. Possible approaches to the identification and assessment of climate risks are discussed. The role of climatic risks as physical factors at various stages of development and implementation of oil and gas projects is shown. Based on the example of oil and gas facilities in the Tomsk region, a qualitative assessment of the level of potential risk from a weather and climatic perspective is given. Approaches to creating a risk management and adaptation system to climate change are presented.

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