Phosphorus reduction from agricultural runoff in a pilot-scale surface-flow constructed wetland

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Yates ◽  
Shiv O. Prasher
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Phosphorus Reduction ◽  
Scale Surface

scholarly journals Effect of the Influent Substrate Concentration on Nitrogen Removal from Summer to Winter in Field Pilot-Scale Multistage Constructed Wetland–Pond Systems for Treating Low-C/N River Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12456
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Liping Xiao ◽  
Hongbin Lu ◽  
Shaoyong Lu ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow

The quality of micropolluted water is unstable and its substrate concentration fluctuates greatly. The goal is to predict the concentration effect on the treatment of nitrogen in a river with an actual low C/N ratio for the proposed full-scale Xiaoyi River estuary wetland, so that the wetland project can operate stably and perform the water purification function effectively in the long term. Two pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland–pond (MCWP) systems (S1 and S2, respectively) based on actual engineering with the same “front ecological oxidation ponds, two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) as the core and postsubmerged plant ponds” as the planned process were constructed to investigate the effect of different influent permanganate indexes (CODMn) and total nitrogen (TN) contents on nitrogen removal from micropolluted river water with a fixed C/N ratio from summer to winter in the field. The results indicate that the TN removal rate in the S1 and S2 systems was significant (19.56% and 34.84%, respectively). During the process of treating this micropolluted water with a fixed C/N ratio, the influent of S2 with a higher CODMn concentration was conducive to the removal of TN. The TN removal rate in S2 was significantly affected by the daily highest temperature. There was significant nitrogen removal efficiency in the SFCWs. The C/N ratio was a major determinant influencing the nitrogen removal rate in the SFCWs. The organic matter release phenomenon in SFCWs with high-density planting played an essential role in alleviating the lack of carbon sources in the influent. This research strongly supports the rule that there is seasonal nitrogen removal in the MCWPs under different influent substrate concentrations, which is of guiding significance for practical engineering.

Effect of recirculation on organic matter removal in a hybrid constructed wetland system

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2360-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ç. Ayaz ◽  
N. Findik ◽  
L. Akça ◽  
N. Erdoğan ◽  
C. Kınacı
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Anaerobic Pretreatment

This research project aimed to determine the technologically feasible and applicable wastewater treatment systems which will be constructed to solve environmental problems caused by small communities in Turkey. Pilot-scale treatment of a small community's wastewater was performed over a period of more than 2 years in order to show applicability of these systems. The present study involves removal of organic matter and suspended solids in serially operated horizontal (HFCW) and vertical (VFCW) sub-surface flow constructed wetlands. The pilot-scale wetland was constructed downstream of anaerobic reactors at the campus of TUBITAK-MRC. Anaerobically pretreated wastewater was introduced into this hybrid two-stage sub-surface flow wetland system (TSCW). Wastewater was first introduced into the horizontal sub-surface flow system and then the vertical flow system before being discharged. Recirculation of the effluent was tested in the system. When the recirculation ratio was 100%, average removal efficiencies for TSCW were 91 ± 4% for COD, 83 ± 10% for BOD and 96 ± 3% for suspended solids with average effluent concentrations of 9 ± 5 mg/L COD, 6 ± 3 mg/L BOD and 1 mg/L for suspended solids. Comparing non-recirculation and recirculation periods, the lowest effluent concentrations were obtained with a 100% recirculation ratio. The effluent concentrations met the Turkish regulations for discharge limits of COD, BOD and TSS in each case. The study showed that a hybrid constructed wetland system with recirculation is a very effective method of obtaining very low effluent organic matter and suspended solids concentrations downstream of anaerobic pretreatment of domestic wastewaters in small communities.

scholarly journals Wetland Technologies for Nursery and Greenhouse Compliance with Nutrient Regulations

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. White
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands

The need to protect our water resources and increasing public awareness of the importance of cleaner water for ecological and human health reasons are driving regulations limiting nutrient release from traditionally exempt, non-point source agricultural contributors. Modification of production practices alone may not be adequate to meet regulated nutrient criterion limits for irrigation and stormwater runoff entering surface waters. Three constructed wetland technologies are well suited to help agricultural producers meet current and future regulations. The first two technologies, surface- and subsurface-flow constructed wetlands, have been in use for over 40 years to cleanse various types of wastewater, whereas floating treatment wetlands are an emerging remediation technology with potential for both stormwater and agricultural runoff treatment applications. The mechanisms driving removal of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in constructed wetland systems are discussed. Surface-flow constructed wetlands remediate N contaminants from both container nursery and greenhouse production wastewater, whereas P remediation is variable and tied most closely to active plant growth as the constructed wetland ages. Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands effectively remediate N from production wastewater and can be tailored to increase consistency of P remediation through selection of P-sorbing root-bed substrates. Floating treatment wetlands effectively remediate both N and P with a designed surface area of a pond covered depending on the target effluent concentration or regulated total maximum daily load. The choice of treatment technology applied by growers to meet regulated water quality targets should be based on both economic and site-specific considerations.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal from summer to winter in a field pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland-pond system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xiao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Hongbin Lu ◽  
Shaoyong Lu ◽  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Plant Harvesting

Abstract Background Single-stage constructed wetlands (CWs) has a single ecological service function and is greatly affected by temperature, which are general in removal of total nitrogen. Multistage hybrid CWs were proven to capable of enhancing removal of nitrogen. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the variation in nitrogen removal in the combined CWs-pond process from summer to winter and the contribution of plant harvesting and the functions of bacteria to nitrogen removal. Methods A pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland-pond system (MCWP) with the process of "the pre-ecological oxidation pond + the two-level horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSCW) + the surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) and the submerged plant pond (SPP)" was used to treat actual polluted river water in the field. During the 124 days of operation, the nitrogen concentrations in the units influent and effluent of the system were measured every two days, and the plant height in HSCWs and SFCW was measured once per month. When the system operated stably to the 72nd day, the substrates in the CWs were sampled to analyze the bacterial community structure and composition. Results The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) in the MCWP gradually decreased from 3.46 mg/L to 2.04 mg/L, and the average removal efficiency of TN was approximately 40.74%. The SPP performed the best among all units, and the TN removal efficiency was as high as 16.08%. The TN removal efficiency was significantly positively affected by the daily highest temperature. A formula between the total TN removal efficiency and the highest temperature was obtained by nonlinear fitting. The TN removal load rate in the HSCWs was 2.7–3.7 times that of the SFCW. Furthermore, the TN transformed by Iris pseudacorus L. accounted for 54.53% in the SFCW. Conclusion We found that the significant positive correlation between the daily highest temperature and the total TN removal rate a field MCWP system. The SFCW, as an advanced treatment unit, increased the proportion of nitrogen removed by plant harvesting. The bacteria completed the nitrogen cycle in the SFCW, which had high-density planting, through a variety of nitrogen removal pathways.

scholarly journals Myriophyllum aquaticum-Based Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Enhanced Eutrophic Nutrient Removal—A Case Study from Laboratory-Scale up to Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Shugeng Feng ◽  
Shengjun Xu ◽  
Xupo Zhang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xiaona Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Myriophyllum Aquaticum ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Scale Surface

Water pollution caused by various eutrophic nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), such as outbreaks of eutrophication in rivers and lakes, has become a serious environmental problem in China. Such problems have spurred extensive studies aiming at finding environmentally friendly solutions. Various constructed wetlands (CWs), planted with different macrophytes, have been considered as environmentally safe technologies to treat various wastewaters for several decades. Due to their low energy and operational requirements, CWs are promising alternative solutions to water eutrophication problems. Within the CWs, macrophytes, sediments, and the microbial community are indispensable constituents of such an ecosystem. In this study, a laboratory-scale surface flow CW (LSCW) was constructed to investigate the effects of two different plants, Eichhornia (E.) crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Myriophyllum (M.) aquaticum, on the removal of eutrophic N and P. The results showed that both plants could significantly reduce these nutrients, especially ammonium (NH4+), and LSCW planted with M. aquaticum performed better (82.1% NH4+ removal) than that with E. crassipes (66.4% NH4+ removal). A Monod model with a plug flow pattern was used to simulate the relationship of influent and effluent concentrations with the kinetic parameters of this LSCW. Based on the model, a pilot-scale surface flow CW (PSCW) was designed, aiming to further enhance N and P removal. The treatment with M. aquaticum and polyethylene materials showed the best removal efficiency on NH4+ as well as on total nitrogen and phosphorus. In general, the enlarged PSCW can be a promising solution to the eutrophication problems occurring in aquatic environments.

Gravel Media Filtration as a Constructed Wetland Component for the Reduction of Suspended Solids from Maturation Pond Effluent

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Sapkota ◽  
H. J. Bavor
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Media Component ◽  
Scale Experiment

Experiments were carried out in a horizontal gravel media filter (GMF) with media size ranging from 5-40 mm. Such gravel-based, sub-surface flow units have been used in both planted and unplanted formats in a range of constructed wetland systems. This GMF was subjected to various hydraulic application rates ranging from 1 m3/(m2.d) to 36 m3/(m2.d) over a twc-year period. The range of suspended solids (SS) concentration was 2-36 mg/l and that of turbidity (NTU) was 3-44 during the experimental period. The average removal of suspended solids varied from 30-86%. It was observed that SS was reduced by a maximum of 86% at an application rate of 13m3/(m2.d), within the above noted SS range. An additional laboratory scale experiment was carried out with artificially grown algae in a vertical perspex tube of 190 mm inner diameter (I.D.) in upward flow condition. Results from the laboratory scale and pilot scale experiments are presented and discussed. The study demonstrates that a constructed wetland format with a subsurface flow and horizontal gravel media component could be used as an alternative method for reducing suspended solids from maturation pond effluent

Simultaneous removal of ibuprofen, organic material, and nutrients from domestic wastewater through a pilot-scale vertical sub-surface flow constructed wetland with aeration system

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 102214
Author(s):  
Osama Abrahiem AL Falahi ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽  
Ahmad Razi Othman ◽  
Hind Mufeed Ewadh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Aeration System
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