scholarly journals Revisiting the multiple roles of T-cadherin in health and disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 151183
Author(s):  
K.A. Rubina ◽  
E.V. Semina ◽  
N.I. Kalinina ◽  
Sysoeva V. Yu ◽  
A.V. Balatskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Proteoglycans in health and disease: the multiple roles of syndecan shedding

FEBS Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (19) ◽  
pp. 3876-3889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Manon-Jensen ◽  
Yoshifumi Itoh ◽  
John R. Couchman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease of the Respiratory System

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo ◽  
Peter J. Sterk ◽  
Benjamin Gaston ◽  
Gert Folkerts
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Airway Physiology

During the past decade a plethora of studies have unravelled the multiple roles of nitric oxide (NO) in airway physiology and pathophysiology. In the respiratory tract, NO is produced by a wide variety of cell types and is generated via oxidation of l-arginine that is catalyzed by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). NOS exists in three distinct isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO derived from the constitutive isoforms of NOS (nNOS and eNOS) and other NO-adduct molecules (nitrosothiols) have been shown to be modulators of bronchomotor tone. On the other hand, NO derived from iNOS seems to be a proinflammatory mediator with immunomodulatory effects. The concentration of this molecule in exhaled air is abnormal in activated states of different inflammatory airway diseases, and its monitoring is potentially a major advance in the management of, e.g., asthma. Finally, the production of NO under oxidative stress conditions secondarily generates strong oxidizing agents (reactive nitrogen species) that may modulate the development of chronic inflammatory airway diseases and/or amplify the inflammatory response. The fundamental mechanisms driving the altered NO bioactivity under pathological conditions still need to be fully clarified, because their regulation provides a novel target in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways.

scholarly journals Release of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant by the coral <i>Stylophora pistillata</i> to its external <i>milieu</i>

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Armoza-Zvuloni ◽  
Y. Shaked
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Coral Health

Abstract. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a common reactive oxygen species, plays multiple roles in coral health and disease. Elevated H2O2 production by the symbiotic algae during stress may result in symbiosis breakdown and bleaching of the coral. We have recently reported that various Red Sea corals release H2O2 and antioxidants to their external milieu and can influence the H2O2 dynamics in the reef. Here we present laboratory characterization of H2O2 and antioxidant activity release kinetics by intact, non-stressed Stylophora pistillata. Experimenting with bleached and non-bleached corals and different stirring speeds, we explored the sources and modes of H2O2 and antioxidant release. Since H2O2 is produced and degraded simultaneously, we developed methodology for resolving the actual rates of H2O2 release by the corals. H2O2 and antioxidant activity linearly increased in the water surrounding the coral over short periods of 1–2 h. Over longer periods of 5–7 h, the antioxidant activity kept increasing with time, while H2O2 concentrations were stabilized at ~ 1 μM by 2–3 h, and then gradually declined. Solving for H2O2 release, corals were found to release H2O2 at increasing rates over 2–4 h, and then slow down and stop by 5–7 h. Stirring was shown to induce the release of both H2O2 and antioxidant activity, possibly due to ventilation of the coral by the flow. Antioxidant activity was released at similar rates by bleached and non-bleached corals, suggesting that the antioxidant did not originate from the symbiotic algae. H2O2, however, was only minimally released from bleached corals, implying that the symbiotic algae are the source of the released H2O2. The observed flow-induced H2O2 release may aid corals in removing some of the internal H2O2 produced by their symbiotic algae and possibly assist in preventing coral bleaching under conditions of elevated temperature and irradiance.

scholarly journals LETM1: A Single Entity With Diverse Impact on Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri K. Natarajan ◽  
Jyotsna Mishra ◽  
Amadou K. S. Camara ◽  
Wai-Meng Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Health And Disease

Nearly 2 decades since its discovery as one of the genes responsible for the Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS), the primary function of the leucine-zipper EF-hand containing transmembrane 1 (LETM1) protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) or the mechanism by which it regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ handling is unresolved. Meanwhile, LETM1 has been associated with the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, such as development, cellular respiration and metabolism, and apoptosis. This mini-review summarizes the diversity of cellular functions impacted by LETM1 and highlights the multiple roles of LETM1 in health and disease.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

Microchemistry of ZnO Varistors

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1694-1695
Author(s):  
K. K. Soni ◽  
J. Hwang ◽  
V. P. Dravid ◽  
T. O. Mason ◽  
R. Levi-Setti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Grain Boundary Engineering ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
Dopant Distribution ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Zno Varistor ◽  
Zno Varistors ◽  
Zno Powder ◽  
The University

ZnO varistors are made by mixing semiconducting ZnO powder with powders of other metal oxides e.g. Bi2O3, Sb2O3, CoO, MnO2, NiO, Cr2O3, SiO2 etc., followed by conventional pressing and sintering. The non-linear I-V characteristics of ZnO varistors result from the unique properties that the grain boundaries acquire as a result of dopant distribution. Each dopant plays important and sometimes multiple roles in improving the properties. However, the chemical nature of interfaces in this material is formidable mainly because often trace amounts of dopants are involved. A knowledge of the interface microchemistry is an essential component in the ‘grain boundary engineering’ of materials. The most important ingredient in this varistor is Bi2O3 which envelopes the ZnO grains and imparts high resistance to the grain boundaries. The solubility of Bi in ZnO is very small but has not been experimentally determined as a function of temperature.In this study, the dopant distribution in a commercial ZnO varistor was characterized by a scanning ion microprobe (SIM) developed at The University of Chicago (UC) which offers adequate sensitivity and spatial resolution.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

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