Synthesis, estrogenic activity, and anti-osteoporosis effects in ovariectomized rats of resveratrol oligomer derivatives

The anti-estrogenic activity of 13 legumes and grasses has been assayed by use of weanling ovariectomized rats. The results display a wide range of anti-estrogenic activity depending on the species, the date of harvest, and the stage of growth. The existence of a relationship between the anti-estrogenic and estrogenic activities of the plant materials examined is discussed.

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Estrogenic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Papaya Peels (Carica Papaya L.) on Uterine Weight and Mammae Gland Proliferation on Ovariectomy Rats

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev9iss2pp86-91 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dhania Novitasari ◽

Devyanto Hadi Triutomo ◽

Fitriana Hayyu Arifah ◽

Anselma Ivanawati ◽

Zahrotul Ulum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Uterine Weight ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Female Reproductive Health ◽

Agnor Staining

Papaya bark is one of Indonesia's natural wealth that contains flavonoid compounds such as myricetin and kaempferol that included in the phytoestrogen compounds. The aim of this study is to examine the estrogenic effects of ethanolic extract of papaya peels (EEPP), on the development of mammae gland and the increasing of uterine weight. The in vivo test was performed with ovariectomy in Sprague Dawley female rats that caused the rats to be in an estrogen deficiency state. After 30 days of treatment, animals are sacrificed to take the uterus and mammae glands. Measurement of uterine weight and mammae gland are observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method to know the lobulus development and AgNOR staining to determine the proliferation level of mammae gland epithelial cells. The test results showed that EEPP concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/kgBW were able to increase uterine weight and proliferation of mammae gland. From the results of this study, papaya bark has the potential to be one of the phytoestrogens compound to maintain female reproductive health and woman beauty.Keyword: ethanolic extract of papaya peels (EEPP), phytoestrogen, ovariectomized rats, uterine weight, mammae proliferation

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The estrogenic activity of Pueraria mirifica tuber and cell suspension culture in ovariectomized rats

PharmaNutrition ◽

10.1016/j.phanu.2013.11.069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

T. Saisavoey ◽

N. Thongchul ◽

S. Malaivijitnond ◽

S. Jaroenporn ◽

A. Karnchanatat

Keyword(s):

Suspension Culture ◽

Cell Suspension ◽

Cell Suspension Culture ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Pueraria Mirifica

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Elucidation of Underlying Mechanisms by Which Millettia macrophylla Benth Induces Its Estrogenic Activity

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/763781 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stéphane Zingue ◽

Chantal Beatrice Magne Nde ◽

Colin Clyne ◽

Dieudonné Njamen

Keyword(s):

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽

Ici 182,780 ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Estrogenic Effects ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Millettia macrophylla is used traditionally to treat menopause related symptoms. This plant was shown to exhibit estrogenic effects in vitro on human embryonic kidney cells and in vivo on ovariectomized rats. The present study aimed at elucidating underlying mechanisms by which M. macrophylla induced its estrogenic effects. To accomplish our goal, kidney Hek293T cells transiently transfected with estrogen alpha or beta receptor expression plasmids were cotreated with a pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 and the dichloromethane or methanol soluble fractions of M. macrophylla. To follow up, we cotreated ovariectomized rats with both extracts and ICI 182,780 for 3 days in the classical uterotrophic assay. Animals were then sacrificed and the uterine wet weight, total protein levels in uteri, uterine, and vaginal epithelial heights, and mammary gland were assessed. In vitro, the results suggested that the induction of the estrogenic activity by M. macrophylla is due to the binding of its secondary metabolites to ERα and ERβ. In vivo, the cotreatment of extracts and ICI 182,780 significantly abrogated the biological responses induced by the extracts alone. Taken together, these results indicate that the active principles of M. macrophylla induce their beneficial effects on menopausal symptoms by activating the ERs.

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Testing of the estrogenic activity and toxicity ofStephania venosaherb in ovariectomized rats

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods ◽

10.3109/15376516.2012.668573 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 445-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarawoot Gomuttapong ◽

Rangsima Pewphong ◽

Sucha Choeisiri ◽

Sukanya Jaroenporn ◽

Suchinda Malaivijitnond

Keyword(s):

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Ovariectomized Rats

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Uterus Weight of Ovariectomized Rats Given Cocoa Powder and Extract

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i1.253 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Ariza Budi Tunjung ◽

Misnawi Jati ◽

Pratiwi Pudjiastuti ◽

Afaf Baktir

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Estradiol Valerate ◽

Cocoa Powder ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Intact Rats

Estrogen is a hormone that influences the growth of uterus. Ovariectomized rats lose their ovaries as the main source of estrogen so their uterus tends to shrink. The objective of thise study was to evaluate the potency of cocoa as an estrogen substitute, which was done through an experiment that tested the influence of cocoa products on the uterus weight of ovariectomized rats. There were five treatments and in each of the treatments, six wistar rats were given the substance for three days. Four groups of treatment consisted of ovariectomized rats given cocoa extract (875.2 ppm of polyphenols, 1 g/kg of body weight, BW), cocoa powder (369.8 ppm of polyphenols, 1 g/kg BW), olive oil (10 mL/kg BW), or estradiol valerate (1 mg/kg BW). The fifth group consisted of intact (non-ovariectomized) rats given 10 mL/kg BW of water. The finding showed that the ovariectomized rats given olive oil had lower uterus weight than that of intact rats, while the ovariectomized rats given estradiol valerate had higher uterus weight compared to the intact and olive oil groups. The ovariectomized rats given cocoa powder and extract had higher uterus weight compared to those given only olive oil; although they were not significantly different. Correlation between the body weight and uterus weight varied across treatment groups. The rats given olive oil showed significant, positive correlation, while the intact rats showed moderate, positive correlation. The rats given estradiol valerate and cocoa powder showed non-significant correlation. Since the polyphenol content in cocoa powder was at lower concentration than that in the cocoa extract, it was predicted that cocoa polyphenols are more potential in the lower concentration. This study concludes that even though consumption of cocoa powder and extract did not significantly induced uterus growth, cocoa is still considered having estrogenic activity by lowering the correlation between the body weight and uterus weight in ovariectomized rats.

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Effects of estrogen-like plant compounds on the vaginal epithelium pituitary, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370218817503 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 243 (15-16) ◽

pp. 1173-1184

Author(s):

Gismar MC Rodrigues ◽

Bruno DB Borges ◽

Leticia Gabriela Q Moreira ◽

Érica Aparecida G Rossete ◽

Suzelei de Castro Franca

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Colocasia Esculenta ◽

Vaginal Epithelium ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Prolonged Treatment

Plant species with recognized estrogenic activity and widely used by Brazil’s female population to prevent the unpleasant symptoms of menopause were investigated in this work to demonstrate if constituents of taro-inhame ( Colocasia esculenta), cumaru ( Dipteryx odorata), and camapu ( Physalis angulata) have the ability to mimic or interfere with the action of estrogens. Moreover, their potential use as natural sources of estrogen-like substances for hormone replacement therapy was evaluated. (a) In vivo pharmacological assays were conducted to determine the estrogenic effects of D. odorata isoflavone-rich extract, P. angulata physalin-rich extract, and C. esculenta flavonoid glycoside-rich fraction (FG) on endocrine glands and reproductive organs of female rats at three different stages of the life cycle. The protocols consisted of uterotrophic assays and cytological evaluation of vaginal smears to detect mucosa cell alterations correlated with changes in hormone levels in each phase of the estrous cycle of female rats. The results indicated that C. esculenta FG exhibited estrogenic activity in prepubescent, pubescent, and adult ovariectomized female rats, while D. odorata isoflavones only promoted a weight increase in the pituitary gland of prepubescent rats after prolonged treatment and P. angulata physalins induced a weight increment in the adrenal glands of ovariectomized rats. Additionally, C. esculenta exerted a significant effect on the opening of the vaginal canal in prepubescent rats and on vaginal epithelium. Prolonged treatment of ovariectomized rats with FG altered the proportion of different types of vaginal epithelial cells in these animals, suggesting an interference of FG with estrogen levels. Colocasia esculenta FG induced hypertrophy of the uterus and pituitary in ovariectomized rats similar to estradiol. To elucidate the mechanism of action of FG, its effects were compared to those of estradiol and of the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene. The results suggest that the efficacy of C. esculenta FG is mediated by binding to selective estrogen receptors present in each organ and that raloxifene inhibits the mechanism of action of FG in the same way as it inhibits the effects of estradiol. The overall findings indicate that C. esculenta FG mimics the action of estrogens, with reduced harmful effects on specific tissues. Impact statement The results of this work provide preliminary evidence that ovariectomized rats display the vaginal smear cells typical of the estrous phase of mature rats after long-term ingestion of Colocasia esculenta flavonoid glycosides. Moreover, the treatment caused beneficial effects on endocrine and reproductive organs compared to estradiol. The animals did not exhibit significant body weight alterations among the groups, demonstrating the maintenance of standard metabolism and energy balance. The overall findings obtained with the rat model of menopause highlight the importance of dietary consumption of C. esculenta constituents as potential selective estrogen receptor modulators and suggest that they may prevent some of the metabolic disorders related to estrogen deficiency.

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Estrogenic Activity of Mahoni Seed Ethanolic Extract [Swietenia mahogany (L.) Jacq] on Uterus Weight, Bone Density and Mamae Gland Proliferation on Ovariectomized Rats

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev11iss2pp75-83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan ◽

Rosa Gloria Sitanggang ◽

Robbani Syahfitri Angkat

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc

Menopause is a hypoestrogenic condition due to decreased function of the ovary. During menopause there is no reserved ovum in the ovary, as a result the synthesis of estrogen by the follicles does not take place. Deficiency of estrogen can lead to discomfort and decrease in the women quality of life. Therefore, supplements from natural resources to reduce menopausal symptoms will be needed. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of mahogany seeds ethanolic extract (MSEE) on the development of uterus, bone density, and mammae gland proliferation on ovariectomized rats. Extract was made by maceration using 96% ethanol as the solvent, then the study of estrogenic effect was carried out on 30 female rats which were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (positive control) given estradiol dose of 0.18 mg/kg body weight (BW), group 3 (negative control) given Na-CMC 1% and group 4, 5, 6 given MSEE orally for 14 consecutive days with doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW. Data were analysed using ANOVA then continued with Tukey HSD Post Hoc test to see the differences between the treatments. The results of the study showed that MSEE was able to increase the weight of the uterus, the length of estrus phase in the estrus cycle, bone density and the mammae gland proliferation of rats. The results concluded that MSEE has phytoestrogenic effect on ovariectomized rats.Keywords: phytoestrogen, ovariectomy, uterus weight, bone density, mammae proliferation

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Estrogenic Activity Produced by Aqueous Extracts of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Pupae in Ovariectomized Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x10007683 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyo-Jung Yang ◽

Jeong-Woong Lee ◽

So-Hyun Lee ◽

Jae-Sung Ryu ◽

Dong-Hoon Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Silkworm Pupae ◽

Body Weights ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

This study examined the estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The components of silkworm pupae were extracted in distilled water at room temperature for 6 hours. The ovaries of six-week old female rats were then bilaterally removed. One week after OVX, the animals were treated with 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg/day of silkworm pupae extracts. The body weights of the OVX rats increased remarkably compared to the control rats, however their relative uterus weights to body weights decreased significantly. Treatment with the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae dramatically improved the decreased uterus weights of OVX rats, with the highest increase observed in treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extracts. Additionally, treatment with aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg/day) of silkworm pupae significantly elevated the serum 17β-estradiol contents of OVX rats when compared to the control animals. To examine the toxic effects of silkworm pupae on the hepatic functions of OVX rats, the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured. The serum GOT and GPT levels did not change in response to the administration of aqueous extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day) for 4-weeks. Taken together, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae may have estrogenic activity, which suggests that silkworm pupae may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of menopausal disorders caused by deficiencies in female sexual hormones, including estrogen.

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