Concentrations of bisphenol A and its alternatives in paired maternal–fetal urine, serum and amniotic fluid from an e-waste dismantling area in China

Amniotic fluid volume reflects a balance between fetal lung fluid and fetal urine production and fluid reabsorption via fetal swallowing. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion decreases both fetal lung fluid and urine production and increases amniotic fluid osmolality and AVP concentration. In the present study we assessed the effect of amniotic fluid AVP injection on plasma AVP (n = 6) and renal function (n = 4) in chronically catheterized fetal lambs (X gestation = 130 days). Thirty minutes after addition of 25 micrograms of synthetic AVP into the amniotic cavity, mean +/- SE fetal plasma AVP increased from a base line of 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 14.6 +/- 3.4 pg/ml (P less than 0.01). One hundred and twenty minutes after injection, plasma AVP had increased to 26.9 +/- 5.7 pg/ml. Fetal urine volume did not change (0.78 +/- 0.01 ml/min) but significant increases in urine osmolality (169 +/- 19 to 315 +/- 25 mosm) and urine sodium (64 +/- 11 to 125 +/- 11 mueq/ml) were observed 120 min after AVP administration. In conclusion, amniotic fluid AVP levels can affect fetal plasma AVP concentration, and AVP absorbed from the amniotic fluid by the fetus remains biologically active.

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Multiomics analyses of vesicular transport pathway-specific transcripts and proteins in ovine amnion: responses to altered intramembranous transport

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00003.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 267-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cecilia Y. Cheung ◽

Debra F. Anderson ◽

Robert A. Brace

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Intracellular Trafficking ◽

Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽

Transport Rate ◽

Fluid Replacement ◽

Transport Pathway ◽

Fetal Sheep ◽

Transport Pathways ◽

Fetal Urine

Amniotic fluid volume (AFV) is determined by the rate of intramembranous (IM) transport of amniotic fluid (AF) across the amnion. This transport is regulated by fetal urine-derived stimulators and AF inhibitors. Our objective was to utilize a multiomics approach to determine the IM transport pathways and identify the regulators. Four groups of fetal sheep with experimentally induced alterations in IM transport rate were studied: control, urine drainage (UD), urine drainage with fluid replacement (UDR), and intra-amniotic fluid infusion (IA). Amnion, AF, and fetal urine were subjected to transcriptomics (RNA-Seq) and proteomics studies followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The analysis uncovered nine transport-associated pathways and four groups of differentially expressed transcripts and proteins. These can be categorized into mediators of vesicular uptake and endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, pathway activation and signaling, and energy metabolism. UD decreased IM transport rate and AFV in conjunction with enhanced expression of vesicular endocytosis regulators but reduced expression of intracellular trafficking mediators. With UDR, IM transport rate decreased and AFV increased. Energy metabolism activators increased while trafficking mediators decreased in expression. IA increased IM transport rate and AFV together with enhanced expressions of vesicular endocytosis and trafficking mediators. We conclude that IM transport across the amnion is regulated by multiple vesicular transcytotic and signaling pathways and that the mediators of intracellular trafficking most likely play an important role in determining the rate of IM transport. Furthermore, the motor protein cytoplasmic dynein light chain-1, which coexpressed in AF and fetal urine, may function as a urine-derived IM transport stimulator.

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Amniotic Fluid: Not Just Fetal Urine Anymore

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/sj.jp.7211290 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 341-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 357

Author(s):

Mark A Underwood ◽

William M Gilbert ◽

Michael P Sherman

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Fetal Urine

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Renal function in the chronically cannulated fetal llama: comparison with studies in the ovine fetus

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd9951311 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1311 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

EM Wintour ◽

R Riquelme ◽

C Gaete ◽

C Rabasa ◽

E Sanhueza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Urine Flow Rate ◽

Fetal Kidney ◽

Fetal Plasma ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Fetal Urine ◽

Ovine Fetus ◽

Ovine Fetal

Samples of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine, and amniotic fluid were collected from 8 chronically cannulated pregnant llamas, in the last third of gestation. The samples were obtained for up to 18 days post-surgery. Osmolality, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and urea were measured on 40 samples collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and 10-19. The osmolalities of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine and amniotic fluid, averaged over these 7 time periods, were, respectively, 312 +/- 2, 311 +/- 1, 484 +/- 14, and 317 +/- 1 mosmol kg-1. Values are given as mean +/- s.e. The major differences from fetal fluid values in the ovine fetus (from previously published values) were the higher osmolality and urea concentration of llama fetal urine. Urine flow rate measured in 6 fetuses, 4.5-6.5 kg body weight, was 5.8 +/- 0.4 mliter h-1; urea clearance rate was 55.5 +/- 11.8 mliter h-1. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured with 51Cr-EDTA in 5 fetuses on 1-4 occasions, was 111.4 +/- 23.3 mliter h-1. Fractional reabsorptions (FR) of Na, K and Cl were 97.9 +/- 1, 75.9 +/- 13.5 and 97.7 +/- 0.4% respectively. The GFR (25 mliter kg-1 h-1) and urine flow rate (1 mL kg-1 h-1) were less than half and about one-tenth the respective values in ovine fetuses. As Na reabsorption is the major oxygen-consuming activity of the kidney, the llama fetal kidney requires only half the oxygen needed by the ovine fetal kidney to reabsorb the filtered sodium load. The reason for the formation of hypertonic, rather than hypotonic, urine in the fetal llama may be due to both greater morphological maturity of the kidney and the excretion of as yet unidentified osmotically active organic substances.

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Ovine fetal adaptations to chronically reduced urine flow: preservation of amniotic fluid volume

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2588 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 2588-2594 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stephanie E. Mann ◽

Mark J. M. Nijland ◽

Michael G. Ross

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Fetal Plasma ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽

Fetal Urine ◽

Ovine Fetal

Mann, Stephanie E., Mark J. M. Nijland, and Michael G. Ross.Ovine fetal adaptations to chronically reduced urine flow: preservation of amniotic fluid volume. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2588–2594, 1996.—Adequate amniotic fluid (AF) volume is maintained by a balance of fetal fluid production (lung liquid and urine) and resorption (swallowing and intramembranous flow). Because fetal urine is the principle source of AF, alterations in urine flow and composition directly impact AF dynamics. Intra-amniotic 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) is rapidly absorbed into fetal plasma and induces a marked fetal urinary antidiuresis. To examine the effect of intra-amniotic- DDAVP-induced fetal urinary responses on AF volume and composition, six chronically prepared ewes with singleton fetuses (gestation 128 ± 2 days) were studied for 72 h after a single intra-amniotic DDAVP (50-μg) injection. After DDAVP, fetal urine osmolality significantly increased at 2 h (157 ± 13 to 253 ± 21 mosmol/kg) and remained elevated at 72 h (400 ± 13 mosmol/kg). Urinary sodium (33.0 ± 4.5 to 117.2 ± 9.7 meq/l) and chloride (26.0 ± 2.8 to 92.4 ± 8.1 meq/l) concentrations similarly increased. AF osmolality increased (285 ± 3 to 299 ± 4 mosmol/kgH2O), although there was no change in fetal plasma osmolality (294 ± 2 mosmol/kg). Despite a 50% reduction in fetal urine flow (0.12 ± 0.03 to 0.05 ± 0.02 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1at 2 h and 0.06 ± 0.01 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1after 72 h), AF volume did not change (693 ± 226 to 679 ± 214 ml). There were no changes in fetal arterial blood pressures, pH,[Formula: see text], or[Formula: see text] after DDAVP. We conclude the following. 1) Intra-amniotic DDAVP injection induces a prolonged decrease in fetal urine flow and increases in urine and AF osmolalities. 2) Despite decreased urine flow, AF volume does not change. We speculate that, in response to DDAVP-induced fetal oliguria, reversed intramembranous flow (from isotonic fetal plasma to hypertonic AF) preserves AF volume.

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Simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A fractions in maternal and fetal compartments in early second trimester of pregnancy

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2019-0040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 765-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Monika Zbucka-Krętowska ◽

Urszula Łazarek ◽

Wojciech Miltyk ◽

Iwona Sidorkiewicz ◽

Piotr Pierzyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Environmental Pollutant ◽

Maternal Exposure ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Permeability Factor ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic, endocrine-disrupting compound widely used in the industry. It is also a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Its presence was confirmed in human fetuses, which results from maternal exposure during pregnancy. The mechanisms behind maternal-fetal transfer, and relationships between pregnant women and fetal exposures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal exposure to BPA on the exposure of the fetus. Methods Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid samples were collected from 52 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. BPA was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The permeability factor – a ratio of fetal-to-maternal BPA concentration – was used as a measure delineating the transplacental transfer of BPA. Results The median concentration of maternal plasma BPA was 8 times higher than the total BPA concentration in the amniotic fluid (8.69 ng/mL, range: 4.3 ng/mL–55.3 ng/mL vs. median 1.03 ng/mL, range: 0.3 ng/mL–10.1 ng/mL). There was no direct relationship between the levels of BPA in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid levels. The permeability factor, in turn, negatively correlated with fetal development (birth weight) (R = −0.54, P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that the risk of fetal BPA exposure depends on placental BPA permeability rather than the levels of maternal BPA plasma concentration and support general recommendations to become aware and avoid BPA-containing products.

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Comparison of the amniotic fluid and fetal urine peptidome for biomarker discovery in renal developmental disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78730-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camille Fédou ◽

Benjamin Breuil ◽

Igor Golovko ◽

Stéphane Decramer ◽

Pedro Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Posterior Urethral Valves ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Renal Survival ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Urethral Valves ◽

Endogenous Peptides ◽

The Third ◽

Fetal Urine

AbstractProduction of amniotic fluid (AF) is view as predominately driven by excretion of fetal urine (FU). However, the origin of AF peptides, often considered as potential biomarkers of developmental diseases, has never been investigated. Here, we evaluated the FU origin of AF peptides and if the AF peptide content can be used as a surrogate of FU. The abundance of endogenous peptides was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry in 216 AF and 64 FU samples. A total of 2668 and 3257 peptides was found in AF and FU respectively. The AF peptidome largely overlapped with the FU peptidome, ranging from 54% in the second pregnancy trimester to 65% in the third trimester. Examination of a subset of 16 paired AF and FU samples revealed that 67 peptides displayed a significant positively correlated abundance in AF and FU, strongly suggesting that their presence in AF was directly associated to FU excretion. As proof-of-concept we showed that measuring the AF abundance of these 67 peptides of FU origin allowed prediction of postnatal renal survival in fetuses with posterior urethral valves. These results demonstrate that the AF peptidome can be considered as a good surrogate of the FU peptidome.

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