Disruptive Symptoms In Childhood And Adolescence And Early Initiation Of Tobacco And Cannabis Use: The Gazel Youth Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Galéra ◽  
M.-P. Bouvard ◽  
M. Melchior ◽  
J.-F. Chastang ◽  
E. Lagarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Tobacco Initiation

AbstractPurposeTo examine the link between symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder in childhood, and the initiation of tobacco and cannabis use, controlling for other behavioral symptoms, temperament and environmental risk factors.MethodThe sample (N = 1107 participants, aged 4 to 18 years at baseline) was recruited from the population-based longitudinal Gazel Youth study with a follow-up assessment 8 years later. Psychopathology, temperament, environmental variables, and initiation of tobacco and cannabis use were self-reported. Event time analyses were performed to assess the effects of childhood disruptive symptoms on age at first use of tobacco and cannabis.ResultsProportional hazard models revealed that participants with high levels of childhood symptoms of both hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder were at highest risk of early tobacco initiation (in males: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.05; confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–3.38; in females: HR = 2.01; CI: 1.31–3.09), and, in males, of early cannabis initiation (HR = 1.95; CI: 1.04–3.64). Temperament, through activity in both males and females and negative emotionality in females, was also associated to early substance use initiation.ConclusionsChildren who simultaneously have high levels of symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder are at increased risk for early substance initiation. These associations may guide childhood health professionals to consider the liability for early substance initiation in high-risk groups.

Multiple developmental pathways underlying conduct problems: A multitrajectory framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jules R. Dugré ◽  
Stéphane Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Features

Abstract In the past decades, there has been an overemphasis of a descriptive/behavioral approach to study conduct disorder. In an equifinal perspective, we aimed to examine the developmental multitrajectory groups of psychological features (irritability, interpersonal callousness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and depressive–anxiety symptoms) and their associations with conduct problems. In a population-based cohort (n = 1,309 participants followed from 5 months to 17 years old), latent-class growth analysis was performed for each psychological feature to identify a two-trajectory model (from ages 6 to 12 years). Based on parameter estimates of the two-trajectory models for each of the four psychological features, a parallel process growth mixture model identified eight significant developmental patterns that were subsequently compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, we observed that while interpersonal callousness conferred an increased risk for childhood and adolescence conduct problems, its co-occurrence with hyperactivity/impulsivity, irritability, and/or depressive–anxiety symptoms heightened the general risk, but also predicted distinct subtypes of conduct problems (i.e., aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors). Thus, by studying complex developmental combinations of psychological features, we observed qualitatively distinct pathways towards conduct problems. A multitrajectory framework of psychological features should be considered as a significant step towards unveiling the multiple etiological pathways leading to conduct disorder and its substantial clinical heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Solja Niemelä ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Pirjo Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThe association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders.MethodThe sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15–16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers.ResultsThe risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0–13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0).ConclusionsAdolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Interpreting the association between cannabis use and increased risk for schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genes Encoding

Recent longitudinal studies from Sweden, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Israel report that cannabis use during childhood and adolescence doubles the risk of later appearance of psychosis or schizophrenia. These data have been interpreted as indicating that cannabis has a causal effect along the pathway to psychosis. In this paper, we will offer an alternative explanation of these data. Recent investigations of patients with schizophrenia found increased density of cannabinoid receptors in the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Others reported higher levels of endogenous cannabinoids in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients; these findings were independent of possible cannabis use. Several genetic studies have reported an association between genes encoding the cannabinoid receptor and schizophrenia. Thus, an alternative explanation of the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia might be that pathology of the cannabinoid system in schizophrenia patients is associated with both increased rates of cannabis use and increased risk for schizophrenia, without cannabis being a causal factor for schizophrenia.

Abstract 147: Cannabis, Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Case Control Study

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Barber ◽  
Heidi Pridmore ◽  
Venkatesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Sally Roberts ◽  
David A Spriggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug of abuse. A temporal relationship between cannabis use and stroke has been reported in case series and population based studies. To date this relationship has not been confirmed. We performed a case-controlled study on the recent use of cannabis in younger stroke patients. Methods: Consecutive ischemic stroke/TIA patients aged 18-55 years had urine screens for cannabis. A control cohort of age, sex and ethnicity matched hospital patients were screened for cannabis using anonymized urine samples obtained for other indications and which would otherwise be discarded. The study was performed with the approval of the regional Ethics Committee. Results: One hundred and sixty of 218 (73%) ischemic stroke/TIA patients had urine drug screens [100 men, 60 women; mean (SD) age 44.8 (8.7) years], of whom 150 (94%) had ischemic stroke and 10 (6%) had TIA. Fifty-eight patients did not have drug screens, mainly because they were admitted outside office hours or had been discharged early (primarily TIA patients). All of the patients approached to provide a urine sample agreed to do so. Twenty-five (15.6%) patients had positive cannabis drug screens, and these patients were more likely to be male (84% versus 59%, χ 2 p=0.016) and tobacco smokers (88% versus 28%, χ 2 p<0.001). There were no differences in age, stroke mechanism or most vascular risk factors between those with and without positive cannabis tests. Control urine samples were obtained from 160 patients matched for age (t-test, p=0.979), sex (χ 2 p=0.492) and ethnicity (χ 2 p=0.910). Thirteen (8.1%) control participants tested positive for cannabis. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity, cannabis use was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and TIA (odds ratio 2.30, 95% confidence intervals 1.07-4.95). Conclusions: This study provides the strongest evidence to date of an association between cannabis and stroke, with ischemic stroke and TIA patients twice as to have recently used cannabis likely as control participants. Cannabis is generally perceived as having few serious adverse effects. This study suggests that this may not be the case and that the association between cannabis and stroke warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Adversity, cannabis use and psychotic experiences: evidence of cumulative and synergistic effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Morgan ◽  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Abraham Reichenberg ◽  
Souci Frissa ◽  
Matthew Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is robust evidence that childhood adversity is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. There is, however, little research on intervening factors that might increase or decrease risk following childhood adversity.AimsTo investigate main effects of, and synergy between, childhood abuse and life events and cannabis use on odds of psychotic experiences.MethodData on psychotic experiences and childhood abuse, life events and cannabis use were collected from 1680 individuals as part of the South East London Community Health Study (SELCoH), a population-based household survey.ResultsThere was strong evidence that childhood abuse and number of life events combined synergistically to increase odds of psychotic experiences beyond the effects of each individually. There was similar, but weaker, evidence for cannabis use (past year).ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the hypothesis that childhood abuse creates an enduring vulnerability to psychosis that is realised in the event of exposure to further stressors and risk factors.

scholarly journals Cannabis, Connectivity, and Coming of Age: Associations between Cannabis Use and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Connectivity during the Transition to Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Lichenstein ◽  
Daniel S. Shaw ◽  
Erika E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractBackgroundCannabis use is common among adolescents and emerging adults and is associated with significant adverse consequences for a subset of users. Rates of use peak between the ages of 18-25, yet the neurobiological consequences for neural systems that are actively developing during this time remain poorly understood. In particular, cannabis exposure may interfere with adaptive development of white matter pathways underlying connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex, including the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiations (ATR).MethodsThe current study examined the association between cannabis use during adolescence and emerging adulthood and white matter microstructure of the cingulum and ATR among 158 male subjects enrolled in the Pitt Mother & Child Project, a prospective, longitudinal study of risk and resilience among men of low socioeconomic status. Participants were recruited in infancy, completed follow-up assessments throughout childhood and adolescence, and underwent diffusion imaging at age 20 and 22.ResultsAt age 20, moderate cannabis use across adolescence (age 12-19) was associated with higher fractional anisotropy of the cingulum and ATR, relative to both minimal and heavy adolescent use. Longitudinally, moderate and heavy extended cannabis use (age 12-21) was associated with reduced positive change in FA in both pathways from age 20 to 22, relative to minimal use.ConclusionsThese results suggest that precocious white matter development may be linked to increased risk for use, whereas cannabis exposure may delay white matter maturation during the transition to adulthood and potentially impact individuals’ functioning later in development.

Cannabis use and risk of psychosis: an etiological link?

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Verdoux ◽  
Marie Tournier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

SummaryObjective – The nature of the link between cannabis use and psychosis remains to be clarified. Method – The paper reviews the evidence suggesting that cannabis may be a risk factor for psychosis onset. Results – Cross-sectional and retro- spective epidemiological studies show that individuals with psychosis use cannabis more often than other individuals in the gener- al population. It has long been considered that this association is explained by the self-medication hypothesis, postulating that cannabis is used to self-medicate psychotic symptoms. This hypothesis has been recently challenged by several prospective stud- ies carried out in population-based samples, showing that cannabis exposure is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, pos- sibly by interacting with a pre-existing vulnerability for these disorders. A dose-response relationship was found between cannabis exposure and risk of psychosis, and this association was independent from potential confounding factors such as exposure to other drugs and pre-existence of psychotic symptoms. However, the diagnostic specificity is weak, as cannabis exposure may be a risk factor for the occurrence of a large spectrum of psychiatric disorders, ranging from schizophrenia to mood and anxiety disorders. Conclusion – Considering the growing number of adolescents exposed to cannabis, the impact of this substance on the population mental health should be further explored.

Early-Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine and Risk of Hyperuricemia in Adult Females in Qingdao

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yuhan Shao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Jianping Sun ◽  
Xiaomei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Famine Exposure

Abstract Purpose: We aimed to explore whether exposure to the Chinese famine in early life was associated with hyperuricemia in adulthood. Methods and Results: Two population-based cross-sectional surveys involving randomly selected Chinese adults aged 35–74 years were conducted in Qingdao, China in 2006 and 2009. 9055 subjects from the two surveys were grouped into four birth groups of fetal/infant exposed(born between 1959/1/1 and 1962/12/31), childhood exposed(born between 1950/1/1 and 1958/12/31), adolescence exposed(born between 1942/1/1 and 1949/12/31) and the unexposed(born before 1941 and after 1963). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hyperuricemia in different exposed groups. Overall, famine exposure in the fetal/infant period, childhood and adolescence was not associated with adulthood hyperuricemia (all P>0.05). In females, childhood exposed group(OR=1.59, 95%CI:1.25-2.02) and adolescence exposed group(OR=1.74, 95%CI:1.30-2.33) both had higher risks to have hyperuricemia in adult. However, this difference was not found in fetal/infant exposed group. In males, no significant relation was observed in any famine exposed group (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Exposure to famine in childhood and adolescence is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia for adulthood of females, but not in males. Adequate nutrition during early life appears to be beneficial to prevent hyperuricemia of adult females.

scholarly journals Associations between primary care recorded cannabis use and mental ill health in the UK: a population-based retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Deepiksana Keerthy ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Juste Abramovaite ◽  
Krishna Margadhamane Gokhale ◽  
Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Cannabis use is a global public health issue associated with increased risks of developing mental health disorders, especially in young people. We aimed to investigate the relationships between cannabis exposure and risks of receiving mental illness diagnoses or treatment as outcomes. Methods A population based, retrospective, open cohort study using patients recorded in ‘IQVIA medical research data’, a UK primary care database. Read codes were used to confirm patients with recorded exposure to cannabis use who were matched up to two unexposed patients. We examined the risk of developing three categories of mental ill health: depression, anxiety or serious mental illness (SMI). Results At study entry, the exposed cohort had an increased likelihood of having experienced mental ill health [odds ratio (OR) 4.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.99–4.27] and mental ill health-related prescription (OR 2.95; 95% CI 2.86–3.05) compared to the unexposed group. During the study period we found that exposure to cannabis was associated with an increased risk of developing any mental disorder [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.73; 95% CI 2.59–2.88], also noted when examining by subtype of disorder: anxiety (aHR 2.46; 95% CI 2.29–2.64), depression (aHR 2.34; 95% CI 2.20–2.49) and SMI (aHR 6.41; 95% CI 5.42–7.57). These results remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion These findings point to the potential need for a public health approach to the management of people misusing cannabis. However, there is a gross under-recording of cannabis use in GP records, as seen by the prevalence of recorded cannabis exposure substantially lower than self-reported survey records.

scholarly journals Increased Risks of Death and Hospitalization in Influenza/Pneumonia and Sepsis for Individuals Affected by Psychotic Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, and Single Manic Episodes: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4411
Author(s):  
Niklas Harry Nilsson ◽  
Marie Bendix ◽  
Louise Öhlund ◽  
Micael Widerström ◽  
Ursula Werneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Influenza Pneumonia

Individuals with severe mental disorders (SMDs) such as psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, and single manic episodes have increased mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. We set up a population-based study to examine whether individuals with SMD also had a higher risk of hospitalization and death from other infectious conditions. Anonymized and summarized data from multiple Swedish patient registers covering the entire Swedish population were supplied by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The frequencies of hospitalizations and deaths associated with influenza/pneumonia and sepsis in individuals with SMD were compared with the rest of the population during 2018–2019. Possible contributing comorbidities were also examined, of which diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and hypertension were chosen. A total of 7,780,727 individuals were included in the study; 97,034 (1.2%) cases with SMD and 7,683,693 (98.8%) controls. Individuals with SMD had increased risk of death associated with influenza/pneumonia (OR = 2.06, 95% CI [1.87–2.27]) and sepsis (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.38–1.89]). They also had an increased risk of hospitalization associated with influenza/pneumonia (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [2.03–2.20]) and sepsis (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.75–2.03]). Our results identify a need for further evaluation of whether these individuals should be included in prioritized risk groups for vaccination against infectious diseases other than COVID-19.

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