Psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barragan ◽  
K.R. Laurens ◽  
J.B. Navarro ◽  
J.E. Obiols
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Affective Flattening

AbstractPurposeStudies of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) within community samples of adolescents have explored predominantly positive experiences. There is a paucity of research examining the prevalence and correlates of negative PLEs, and whether particular subtypes of negative PLEs can be identified among the general population of adolescents. This study examined the association of both positive and negative PLEs with depressive symptoms, including detailed analysis of subtypes of positive and negative psychosis dimensions.MethodA community sample of 777 adolescents (50.9% girls: mean age 14.4 years) completed a questionnaire assessing positive and negative PLEs and depressive symptoms.ResultsPrincipal component factor analysis identified four factors of positive symptoms (persecutory ideation, grandiose thinking, first-rank/hallucinatory experiences and self-referential thinking), and three factors of negative symptoms (social withdrawal, affective flattening, and avolition). Depressive symptoms were associated positively with persecutory ideation, first-rank/hallucinatory experiences, social withdrawal, and avolition, whereas grandiose thinking related negatively with depressive symptoms. Neither self-referential thinking nor affective flattening related to self-reported depression.ConclusionsThese findings support the view that not all types of positive and negative PLEs in adolescence are associated with depression and, therefore, they may not confer the same vulnerability for psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Paliperidone to Treat Psychotic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
Hormazd D. Minwalla ◽  
Peter Wrzesinski ◽  
Allison Desforges ◽  
Joshua Caskey ◽  
Brittany Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Purpose of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. It covers the background and presentation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as the mechanism of action and drug information for paliperidone. It covers the existing evidence of the use of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Recent Findings: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder lead to significant cognitive impairment. It is thought that dopamine dysregulation is the culprit for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics, paliperidone has affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Paliperidone was granted approval in the United States in 2006 to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and in 2009 for schizoaffective disorder. Summary: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have a large impact on cognitive impairment, positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Patients with either of these mental illnesses suffer from impairments in everyday life. Paliperidone has been shown to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

scholarly journals The effect of the environment on symptom dimensions in the first episode of psychosis: a multilevel study

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2419-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Oher ◽  
A. Demjaha ◽  
D. Jackson ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
P. Dazzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Reality Distortion

BackgroundThe extent to which different symptom dimensions vary according to epidemiological factors associated with categorical definitions of first-episode psychosis (FEP) is unknown. We hypothesized that positive psychotic symptoms, including paranoid delusions and depressive symptoms, would be more prominent in more urban environments.MethodWe collected clinical and epidemiological data on 469 people with FEP (ICD-10 F10–F33) in two centres of the Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (AESOP) study: Southeast London and Nottinghamshire. We used multilevel regression models to examine neighbourhood-level and between-centre differences in five symptom dimensions (reality distortion, negative symptoms, manic symptoms, depressive symptoms and disorganization) underpinning Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) Item Group Checklist (IGC) symptoms. Delusions of persecution and reference, along with other individual IGC symptoms, were inspected for area-level variation.ResultsReality distortion [estimated effect size (EES) 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.24] and depressive symptoms (EES 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.34) were elevated in people with FEP living in more urban Southeast London but disorganized symptomatology was lower (EES –0.06, 95% CI –0.10 to –0.02), after controlling for confounders. Delusions of persecution were not associated with increased neighbourhood population density [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.23], although an effect was observed for delusions of reference (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12–1.77). Hallucinatory symptoms showed consistent elevation in more densely populated neighbourhoods (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.61).ConclusionsIn people experiencing FEP, elevated levels of reality distortion and depressive symptoms were observed in more urban, densely populated neighbourhoods. No clear association was observed for paranoid delusions; hallucinations were consistently associated with increased population density. These results suggest that urban environments may affect the syndromal presentation of psychotic disorders.

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and personality disorder

2010 ◽  
pp. 5324-5328
Author(s):  
Stephen Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Flat Affect

Schizophrenia—is characterized by phenomena that qualitatively differ from everyday experience. These may be ‘positive symptoms’, commonly auditory hallucinations and/or bizarre delusions, or ‘negative symptoms’, commonly including a loss of emotion (flat affect), apathy, self-neglect, and social withdrawal. Acute positive symptoms generally respond well to any antipsychotic drug, but prognosis is often poor, with most suffering chronic symptoms, numerous relapses, unemployment, and social isolation....

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and neglect in relation to the presence and persistence of psychotic and depressive symptomatology

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. van Dam ◽  
M. van Nierop ◽  
W. Viechtbauer ◽  
E. Velthorst ◽  
R. van Winkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe association between childhood trauma and psychotic and depressive symptomatology is well established. However, less is known about the specificity and course of these symptoms in relation to childhood trauma.MethodIn a large sample (n = 2765) of patients with psychosis (n = 1119), their siblings (n = 1057) and controls (n = 589), multivariate (mixed-effects) regression analyses with multiple outcomes were performed to examine the association between childhood trauma and psychotic and depressive symptomatology over a 3-year period.ResultsA dose–response relationship was found between childhood trauma and psychosis. Abuse was more strongly associated with positive symptoms than with negative symptoms whereas the strength of the associations between neglect and positive and negative symptoms was comparable. In patients, similar associations between childhood trauma and psychotic or depressive symptoms were found, and in siblings and controls, stronger associations were found between trauma and depressive symptomatology. Childhood trauma was not related to a differential course of symptoms over a 3-year time period.ConclusionsIn congruence with earlier work, our findings suggest that childhood trauma, and abuse in particular, is associated with (subthreshold) psychosis. However, childhood trauma does not seem to be associated with a differential course of symptoms, nor does it uniquely heighten the chance of developing (subthreshold) psychotic symptomatology. Our results indicate that trauma may instead contribute to a shared vulnerability for psychotic and depressive symptoms.

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia: a combined treatment and neuroimaging study

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HAJAK ◽  
J. MARIENHAGEN ◽  
B. LANGGUTH ◽  
S. WERNER ◽  
H. BINDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Background. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of frontal brain regions is under study as a non-invasive method in the treatment of affective disorders. Recent publications provide increasing evidence that rTMS may be useful in treating schizophrenia. Results are most intriguing, demonstrating a reduction of negative symptoms following high-frequency rTMS. In this context, disentangling of negative and depressive symptoms is of the utmost importance when understanding specific rTMS effects on schizophrenic symptoms.Method. Using a sham-controlled parallel design, 20 patients with schizophrenia were included in the study. Patients were treated with high-frequency 10 Hz rTMS over 10 days. Besides clinical ratings, ECD-SPECT (technetium-99 bicisate single photon emission computed tomography) imaging was performed before and after termination of rTMS treatment.Results. High-frequency rTMS leads to a significant reduction of negative symptoms combined with a trend for non-significant improvement of depressive symptoms in the active stimulated group as compared with the sham stimulated group. Additionally, a trend for worsening of positive symptoms was observed in the actively treated schizophrenic patients. In both groups no changes in regional cerebral blood flow could be detected by ECD-SPECT.Conclusions. Beneficial effects of high-frequency rTMS on negative and depressive symptoms were found, together with a trend for worsening positive symptoms in schizophrenic patients.

Physician observations and perceptions of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A multinational, cross-sectional survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Lecrubier ◽  
Richard Perry ◽  
Gary Milligan ◽  
Oscar Leeuwenkamp ◽  
Robert Morlock
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Antipsychotic Prescribing ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractPurposeTo describe physicians' observations and perceptions of patients with schizophrenia and to obtain information about antipsychotic prescribing practices.MethodsPsychiatrists in the United States and five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) who prescribed antipsychotics for ≥15 patients with schizophrenia within the preceding 3 months provided data on their patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and their antipsychotic prescribing practices and drug attributes influencing treatment choice.ResultsData were collected from 872 physicians on 6523 patients (85% European, 15% US). Most patients were aged 25–44 years, 63% were men, and 66% were outpatients. About 50% of patients were moderately to grossly dysfunctional; about 50% were unemployed; 34% and 75% were taking conventional or atypical antipsychotics, respectively. Frequently identified positive symptoms included delusions (73%), disordered thought (59%), and hallucinations (59%); common negative symptoms included social withdrawal (54%), impoverished thought (39%), and blunted affect (38%). Reasons for antipsychotic selection included efficacy for positive (90%) or negative symptoms (62%) and tolerability (47%). Inadequate control was reported more frequently for negative (71–77%) than positive (47–60%) symptoms. Adverse events included sedation, weight gain, and extrapyramidal symptoms.ConclusionsIn this large, multinational, cross-sectional survey, physicians reported that positive symptoms were more common than negative symptoms. Treatment for positive symptoms was more successful than that for negative symptoms, with physicians considering treatment inadequate for >70% of patients with negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Clinical correlates of first episode schizophrenia-a comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Kathir M. ◽  
Pugazhendhi K. ◽  
Ravishankar J.
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Major Mental Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Background: Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder which has to be assessed early and managed actively even though long term functional outcome remains relatively poor. The aim of the study is to analyze negative symptoms, suicidal risk and substance use in first episode schizophrenics in comparison with multi-episode schizophrenics.Methods: 30 patients with drug naive first episode schizophrenia and 30 patients with multi episode schizophrenia, who attended the outpatient department of Psychiatry, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India were studied to compare predisposing factors and spectrum of symptoms for Schizophrenia for a period of one year (January 2010-December 2010). Psychiatric questionnaire by Michael C. Hilton, DAST by Harvey A. Skinner, AUDIT by WHO, Suicide risk scale by National Health and Medical Research Council, PANSS by SR Kay were used to assess patients.Results: Unemployment and family history of suicide attempts were observed more in drug naive first episode schizophrenics. 90% of these patients had completed their primary education while 47% of multi-episode schizophrenics were illiterates. Positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinatory behaviour and suspiciousness) and negative symptoms (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal and social withdrawal) were observed more in first episode schizophrenics while PANSS, DAST, AUDIT scores did not find any differences between both the groups.Conclusions: In our study, the first episode schizophrenia patients were more educated, more unemployed and had more family history of suicide, elevated sub score of positive symptoms as measured by PANSS. Relative assessment of violence and serious behavior problems that are related to positive symptoms must be done and managed with anti psychotics.

scholarly journals Factor structure of the Albanian version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): Associations with the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitim Uka ◽  
Selman Repišti ◽  
Aliriza Arenliu ◽  
Fjolla Ramadani ◽  
Dashamir Bërxulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Interview

AbstractObjectives:The measurement and assessment of the emergent symptoms in various psychotic disorders is essential to the delivery of efficacious, patient centred mental health care. Despite the existence of several instruments that can measure these factors, their applicability within a global context remains undetermined. This paper aims to provide evidence for a factor structure in Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), tailored for use in the Albanian language.Methods:We recruited 106 patients with psychosis (68% male), who were aged 16 to 40 years old (M = 22, SD = 1.75), and treated in community services in Kosovo. We adapted, translated, and back-translated CAINS and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) before these measures were administered in interviews with the participants. According to Kaiser-Guttman’s criterion (i.e., eigen-value >1), four components were extracted from the original measure of CAINS.Results:Using Principal Component Analysis, CAINS was found to be a valid means of measurement of motivation and pleasure in various life domains (social, recreational, and work/school). Intercorrelation existed not only between the BSI scale and the CAINS scales, but within the CAINS scales themselves.Conclusions:In contrast to the previous studies that found Expression and Motivation and Pleasure as two major factors, our results revealed four components. Thus, it may be that the culture plays a substantial role in the factor structure of CAINS, and it might be related to different appraisal of emotional situations, which are influenced by different socio-cultural practices. These results have global implications for clinical practice and future research.

Management of schizophrenia symptoms: Implications for recreation therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Chris M. Dixon, MSc
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Recreation Therapy ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
High Level

Effective interventions for the management of schizophrenia symptoms have been identified in the literature and have implication for recreation therapy. To prevent enduring negative symptoms that impact cognition, a high level of engagement in daily activity is recommended. Therapeutic interventions that show promise in reducing negative symptoms include participation in art, craft, music, and physical activity. To reduce high rates of distress and anxiety symptoms that exacerbate psychotic symptoms, animal assisted therapy, sensory experiences, and spiritual engagement were found to be effective. Early therapeutic intervention to rediscover a skill, talent, or hobby that establishes a sense of self and social identity may assist with reducing positive symptoms. Self-managed coping strategies such as distracting techniques may reduce auditory hallucinations. As positive symptoms reduce, a reduction of comorbid depressive symptoms may also occur. With reduction of negative and positive symptoms, as well as comorbid distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, individuals have an increased opportunity to attain their social and leisure goals.

Problems of patients with schizophrenic disorders and of their families

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Lanzara ◽  
Ugo Cosentino ◽  
Anna Maria Lo Maglio ◽  
Antonio Lora ◽  
Anna Nicolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Service Information ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryObjective — To evaluate psychopathological symptoms, disabilities and family burden in schizophrenic patients and to analyse predictors of family burden and relatives' satisfaction. Design — Descriptive study of 203 patients with an ICD 10 — F2 diagnosis (schizophrenia and related disorders) in contact with the Desio Department of Mental Health on 31st December 1994. Setting — The Desio Department of Mental Health. Main outcome measures — The patients have been evaluated in three areas: disability (by ADC-DAS), psychiatric symptoms (by 24 items BPRS) and family burden (by Family Problems questionnaire). The outpatient, hospital and residential care contacts of the patients have been collected for six months by our service information system. For each area (DAS, BPRS and FP) a principal component analysis and a rotation of the significant components have been performed. Eleven factors, derived from three scales, have been retained as explanatory variables. Finally, a multiple regression analysis has been performed to assess the influence of explanatory variables on the set of response variables regarding family burden and relatives' satisfaction. Results — One third of patients suffer of moderate-severe positive symptoms, while negative symptoms are less frequent.

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