Increased Affective Reactivity to Neutral Stimuli and Decreased Maintenance of Affective Responses in Bipolar Disorder

AbstractBackground:Affective dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) and a significant predictor of clinical and functional outcome. Affective dysregulation can arise from abnormalities in multiple processes. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the precise nature of the processes that may be dysregulated in BD and their relationship to the clinical expression of the disorder.Methods:Patients with BD (n = 45) who were either in remission or in a depressive or manic state and healthy individuals (n = 101) were compared in terms of the intensity, duration and physiological response (measured using inter-beat intervals and skin conductance) to affective and neutral pictures during passive viewing and during experiential suppression.Results:Compared to healthy individuals, patients with BD evidenced increased affective reactivity to neutral pictures and reduced maintenance of subjective affective responses to all pictures. This pattern was present irrespective of clinical state but was more pronounced in symptomatic patients, regardless of polarity. Patients, regardless of symptomatic status, were comparable to healthy individuals in terms of physiological arousal and voluntary control of affective responses.Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that increased affective reactivity to neutral stimuli and decreased maintenance of affective responses are key dimensions of affective dysregulation in BD.

Download Full-text

Emotional instability and bipolar disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.921 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S51-S51

Author(s):

S. Frangou

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Affective Responses ◽

Clinical State ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Emotional Instability ◽

Affective Dysregulation ◽

Affective Reactivity ◽

Manic State ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Key Dimensions

BackgroundAffective dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) and a significant predictor of clinical and functional outcome. Affective dysregulation can arise from abnormalities in multiple processes. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the precise nature of the processes that may be dysregulated in BD and their relationship to the clinical expression of the disorder.MethodsPatients with BD (n = 45) who were either in remission or in a depressive or manic state and healthy individuals (n = 101) were compared in terms of the intensity, duration and physiological response (measured using inter-beat intervals and skin conductance) to affective and neutral pictures during passive viewing and during experiential suppression.ResultsCompared to healthy individuals, patients with BD evidenced increased affective reactivity to neutral pictures and reduced maintenance of subjective affective responses to all pictures. This pattern was present irrespective of clinical state but was more pronounced in symptomatic patients, regardless of polarity. Patients, regardless of symptomatic status, were comparable to healthy individuals in terms of physiological arousal and voluntary control of affective responses.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that increased affective reactivity to neutral stimuli and decreased maintenance of affective responses are key dimensions of affective dysregulation in BD.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

Thirty-year cardiovascular risk score in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867418815987 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 651-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Klara Coello ◽

Hanne L Kjærstad ◽

Sharleny Stanislaus ◽

Sigurd Melbye ◽

Maria Faurholt-Jepsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Risk Score ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Age And Sex

Objectives: Bipolar disorder is associated with a decreased life expectancy of 8–12 years. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of excess mortality. For the first time, we investigated the Framingham 30-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy individuals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared the Framingham 30-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in 221 patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 119 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals with no personal or first-degree family history of affective disorder. Among patients with bipolar disorder, we further investigated medication- and illness-related variables associated with cardiovascular risk. Results: The 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease was 98.5% higher in patients with bipolar disorder ( p = 0.017) and 85.4% higher in unaffected first-degree relatives ( p = 0.042) compared with healthy individuals in models adjusted for age and sex. When categorizing participants in low cardiovascular risk without considering age and sex distribution among participants, 81% of patients were at low risk, versus 92% of unaffected relatives and 89% of healthy individuals. Of the patients 209 (94.6%) were diagnosed within the preceding 2 years. Smoking was more prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (45.2%) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (20.4%) compared with healthy individuals (12.8%). Similarly, dyslipidemia was more common among patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy individuals. Treatment with psychotropic medication with metabolic adverse effects was associated with higher 30-year cardiovascular disease risk score, whereas we did not find illness-related variables associated with cardiovascular risk among patients with bipolar disorder. Conclusion: We found an enhanced cardiovascular disease risk score in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives, which points to a need for specific primary preventive interventions against smoking and dyslipidemia in these populations.

Download Full-text

Affective reactivity in response to criticism in remitted bipolar disorder: a laboratory analog of expressed emotion

Journal of Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1002/jclp.20596 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 925-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Amy K. Cuellar ◽

Sheri L. Johnson ◽

Camilo J. Ruggero

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Expressed Emotion ◽

Affective Reactivity ◽

Laboratory Analog

Download Full-text

The association between self-reported physical activity and objective measures of physical activity in participants with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, unaffected relatives, and healthy individuals

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/08039488.2020.1831063 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Josefine Freyberg ◽

Søren Brage ◽

Lars Vedel Kessing ◽

Maria Faurholt-Jepsen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Healthy Individuals

Download Full-text

CLASSIFICATION OF BIPOLAR DISORDER, MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, AND HEALTHY STATE USING VOICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s3.30042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Masakazu Higuchi ◽

Shinichi Tokuno ◽

Mitsuteru Nakamura ◽

Shuji Shinohara ◽

Shunji Mitsuyoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Mental Disease ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Healthy State ◽

Polytomous Logistic Regression

Objective: In this study, we propose a voice index to identify healthy individuals, patients with bipolar disorder, and patients with major depressive disorder using polytomous logistic regression analysis.Methods: Voice features were extracted from voices of healthy individuals and patients with mental disease. Polytomous logistic regression analysis was performed for some voice features.Results: With the prediction model obtained using the analysis, we identified subject groups and were able to classify subjects into three groups with 90.79% accuracy.Conclusion: These results show that the proposed index may be used as a new evaluation index to identify depression.

Download Full-text

Detecting Manic State of Bipolar Disorder Based on Support Vector Machine and Gaussian Mixture Model Using Spontaneous Speech

Psychiatry Investigation ◽

10.30773/pi.2017.12.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 695-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhongde Pan ◽

Chao Gui ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Jie Zhu ◽

Donghong Cui

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Support Vector Machine ◽

Gaussian Mixture Model ◽

Mixture Model ◽

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Gaussian Mixture ◽

Support Vector ◽

Manic State

Download Full-text

Repeated Assessment of Exploration and Novelty Seeking in the Human Behavioral Pattern Monitor in Bipolar Disorder Patients and Healthy Individuals

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0024185 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. e24185 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Arpi Minassian ◽

Brook L. Henry ◽

Jared W. Young ◽

Virginia Masten ◽

Mark A. Geyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Behavioral Pattern Monitor ◽

Repeated Assessment

Download Full-text

Genetic Variation in CACNA1C, a Gene Associated with Bipolar Disorder, Influences Brainstem Rather than Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Individuals

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.037 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 586-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Barbara Franke ◽

Alejandro Arias Vasquez ◽

Joris A. Veltman ◽

Han G. Brunner ◽

Mark Rijpkema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Matter Volume

Download Full-text

Abnormal white matter integrity as a structural endophenotype for bipolar disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1547-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Sarıçiçek ◽

N. Zorlu ◽

N. Yalın ◽

C. Hıdıroğlu ◽

B. Çavuşoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

White Matter ◽

Clinical State ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Corona Radiata ◽

Left Posterior ◽

Axis I ◽

Bipolar Patients

BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence suggest that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with white matter (WM) pathology. Investigation of unaffected first-degree relatives of BD patients may help to distinguish structural biomarkers of genetic risk without the confounding effects of burden of illness, medication or clinical state. In the present study, we applied tract-based spatial statistics to study WM changes in patients with BD, unaffected siblings and controls.MethodA total of 27 euthymic patients with BD type I, 20 unaffected siblings of bipolar patients and 29 healthy controls who did not have any current or past diagnosis of Axis I psychiatric disorders were enrolled in the study.ResultsFractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower in BD patients than in the control group in the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, posterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, superior corona radiata, anterior corona radiata and left external capsule. In region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, we found that both unaffected siblings and bipolar patients had significantly reduced FA in the left posterior thalamic radiation, the left sagittal stratum, and the fornix compared with healthy controls. Average FA for unaffected siblings was intermediate between the healthy controls and bipolar patients within these ROIs.ConclusionsDecreased FA in the fornix, left posterior thalamic radiation and left sagittal stratum in both bipolar patients and unaffected siblings may represent a potential structural endophenotype or a trait-based marker for BD.

Download Full-text