Childhood Physical Punishment as Risk Factor for Combat-Related PTSD

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S511-S512
Author(s):  
E. Becirovic ◽  
R. Softic ◽  
M. Mirkovic Hajdukov ◽  
A. Becirovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionRisk and protective factors for PTSD can be grouped into pretraumatic, peritraumatic, and posttraumatic. Reported childhood abuse has predictive risk effects for PTSD than most other pretraumatic risk factors.ObjectiveTo examine childhood physical abuse history in war veterans.AimsTo determine whether childhood physical abuse is risk factor for PTSD in war veterans.MethodsCross-sectional study of 205 war veterans tested by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and sociobiographic Questionnaire (with data of childhood physical punishment).ResultsA significant difference in reported childhood physical punishment between war veterans with and without PTSD was found. Veterans with PTSD were identified as recipients of childhood physical punishment.ConclusionsChildhood physical punishment has positive correlation with development of PTSD in war veterans.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Alexithymia in War Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S720-S720 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Becirovic ◽  
E. Avdibegovic ◽  
R. Softic ◽  
M. Mirkovic-Hajdukov ◽  
A. Becirovic
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Characteristics ◽  
Harvard Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAlexithymia consider a cluster of cognitive and affective characteristics that include: inability of recognizing and describing emotions, difficulties in distinguishing feelings and physical sensations during emotional arousal, narrowed capacity for imagination and externally oriented cognitive style. Several studies links alexithymia with increased risk for physical and mental damage. Symptoms of alexithymia are documented in persons who develop PTSD in response to different types of traumatic events.ObjectivesTo examine alexithymia in war veterans.AimsTo determine whether alexithymia is significantly more present in war veterans with PTSD.MethodsCross-sectional study of 205 war veterans tested by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and by Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsOut of 205 war veterans 89 (43.4%) of them have alexithymia. Significantly more veterans with PTSD (78 or 75%) than without PTSD (11 or 10.9%) has alexithymia (Chi2 = 88.955, P < 0.001) was found a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the total score of alexithymia (t-test = −10.676, P < 0.001) statistically significant difference was found in all three domains of alexithymia.ConclusionsAlexithymia is significantly often in war veterans with than without PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Polymorphism in Vitamin D-Binding Protein as a Genetic Risk Factor in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-944
Author(s):  
Klaus Faserl ◽  
Georg Golderer ◽  
Leopold Kremser ◽  
Herbert Lindner ◽  
Bettina Sarg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Context Previous studies have implicated a deficiency in the inflammatory response in women who develop endometriosis. The specific immunological deficits have not been completely elucidated. Objective Our objective was to identify differences in protein expression in serum that might shed light on the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Design and Setting This cross-sectional study of women undergoing laparoscopy between 2003 and 2005 took place at a university medical center. Patients Patients included consenting women age 18-49 yr undergoing surgery for pain and/or infertility or elective tubal ligation. Women with acute or chronic medical conditions were excluded. Intervention Blood was collected preoperatively. Main Outcome Measure Proteomic analysis of serum was done using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Results We found 25 protein spots with a significant difference in abundance between women with endometriosis and controls, including acute-phase proteins and complement components. The abundance of vitamin D-binding protein was higher in all endometriosis pools by a factor of approximately 3 compared with the control pool (P &lt; 0.02). Analysis of specific allele products using nano-LC-ESI-MS indicated that it was the GC*2 allele product that was in greater concentration in serum pools, as well as in single validation samples, in women with endometriosis (P = 0.006). In contrast to the GC*1 allele product, which is readily converted to a potent macrophage factor (Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor), the GC*2 allele product undergoes practically no such conversion. Conclusions We speculate that the inability to sufficiently activate macrophages’ phagocytotic function in those carrying the GC*2 polymorphism (more prevalent in endometriosis) may allow endometriotic tissues to implant in the peritoneal cavity. Future studies evaluating specific vitamin D-binding protein polymorphisms as a risk factor for endometriosis in larger populations of women are warranted.

Association between immigration status and inpatient psychiatric admission after attempted suicide: Results from a hospital-based observational study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s273-s274
Author(s):  
G. Martinez-Ales ◽  
E. Jimenez ◽  
E. Roman ◽  
P. Sanchez-Castro ◽  
A. Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emergency Room Care ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAcute suicidality or a condition after attempted suicide frequently leads patients to both voluntary or involuntary inpatient admission. Emergency room psychiatrists decide whether such patients can be treated on an outpatient basis.ObjectivesTo identify if immigration status is associated with the decision whether a patient needs a hospital admission.AimsTo detect social determinants of hospital-based health resource uses.MethodsA cross-sectional study including data from 323 patients treated in a general hospital's emergency room after a suicidal attempt during year 2014.ResultsSeventy-six patients were admitted to the hospital (23.5%). Hospitalization frequencies for immigrant and non-immigrant individuals were 6.3% and 26.5% (P = 0.002). No significant association was found between psychiatric admission and history of a diagnosed psychiatric disorder, previous suicidal attempts, previous emergency room care use, family support or current drug use. A subgroup of patients (n = 37; 9%) answered Beck's suicidal intent scale (SIS), a measure of risk in suicidal attempters. Mean SIS was found to be higher among hospitalized than discharged patients (8.5 vs. 16.5; P = 0.01). No significant difference was found in mean SIS between immigrant and non-immigrant patients (9.3 vs. 9.1; P = 0.3).ConclusionsThese preliminary results call for consideration. The highly significant lower rate of psychiatric admission among immigrant patients, without significant differences in mean SIS score in regard to non-immigrants, needs further study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Influence of 5-HTR2C Polymorphisms on Metabolic Syndromes in Thai Schizophrenia Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S168-S168
Author(s):  
A. Puangpetch ◽  
C. Na Nakorn ◽  
W. Unaharassamee ◽  
C. Sukasem
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome is a significant problem in the schizophrenia patients. Previous research demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin 2C receptor (5HTR2C) genes are associated with metabolic syndrome related to schizophrenia patients taking atypical anti-psychotic drugs. This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of 3 SNPs in 5HTR2C gene on the presence of the metabolic syndrome in Thai schizophrenia patients.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study and 154 patients were recruited. The schizophrenia patients were identified from a diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, (DSM-IV) and criterion and determined the metabolic syndrome according to the 2005 international diabetes federation (IDF) Asia criteria. Patients were genotyped for the 5HTR2C rs51,8147, rs126,881,02, rs128,367,71 polymorphisms.ResultsThe preliminary analysis from 154 patients showed the metabolic syndrome prevalence was 38.73%, with 46.50% in male and 53.48% in female patients. The results showed that the patients who have heterozygous and homozygous variant on 5HTR2C gene (rs518,147 and rs126,881,02) showed a significant difference in the presence of metabolic syndrome when compare with patients who carry homozygous wild type (P = 0.007), especially in male patients (P = 0.002). The association between 5HTR2C polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome was found in male patients but not found in female patients.ConclusionThese findings suggest that 5HTR2C genotypes are associated with the metabolic syndrome in patients taking atypical anti-psychotics. However, the metabolic syndrome results from the multigenetic effects. The further studies should focus on the other genes, which were involved in metabolic syndrome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Low Self-Rated Health as A Risk Factor for Depression in South Korea: A Survey of Young Males and Females

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Yunyoung Kim ◽  
Eunsu Jang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

This is a cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether low self-rated health (SRH) is a risk factor for depression among young males and females. Data from the SRH, quality of life (QoL) and depression questionnaires as well as general information, were collected from 512 males and females aged 20–29 years in South Korea. Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of depression between the high and low SRH groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between SRH and depression after adjusting for covariates. There were 32.6% males and 30.1% females who were at risk for depression. A significant difference in the distribution of depression between the low and high SRH groups in both males and females was found. The low SRH group had a higher prevalence of depression than the high SRH group in both males and females in the crude analysis. However, when the BMI, economic status, and mental component score were adjusted, the OR of the low SRH group was still significant in males. Low SRH may be a risk factor for depression especially in males. Further studies to improve SRH by developing preventive measures against depression status while considering gender characteristics are needed.

scholarly journals SUN-378 Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism as an Independent Risk Factor for Vertebral Fracture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Sakamoto ◽  
Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi ◽  
Hironobu Umakoshi ◽  
Yayoi Matsuda ◽  
Nagata Hiromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suppression Test

Abstract Context: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is known to increase vertebral fracture (VF), although the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. PA consists of two subtypes: the unilateral and bilateral subtype. Patients with unilateral PA, who usually have a higher plasma aldosterone concentration than those with bilateral PA, exhibit a more severe clinical phenotype. We hypothesized that PA subtype affects the prevalence of VF. Objective: To evaluate whether unilateral PA is associated with the prevalence of VF. Design: Cross-sectional study in a single referral center. Patients: We identified 210 hypertensive patients whose clinical data were available for case-detection results. One hundred and fifty-two patients were diagnosed with PA using captopril challenge tests. Measurements: The prevalence of VF according to PA subtype. Results: We included 113 patients with PA who were subtype classified according to adrenal vein sampling, of whom 37 patients had unilateral PA and 76 patients had bilateral PA, whereas 58 patients had non-PA. We excluded 39 patients with PA who were not subtype classified. Patients with PA had a higher prevalence of VF (28% [32/113]) than those with non-PA (12% [7/58]; p = 0.020). Moreover, unilateral PA had a higher prevalence of VF (46% [17/37]) than bilateral PA (20% [15/76]; p = 0.021). There was no significant difference between bilateral PA and non-PA. Unilateral PA was an independent risk factor for VF after adjusting for age and sex (odds ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-8.92; p = 0.017). Among patients with unilateral PA, serum cortisol concentrations after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test were higher in those with VF (1.32 ± 0.67 g/dl) than those without (0.96 ± 0.33 g/dl; p = 0.048). Conclusions: Unilateral PA is an independent risk factor for VF, which is associated with autonomous cortisol secretion. Thus, careful management is required to prevent the development of VF in patients with unilateral PA.

Prevalence of involuntary hospitalization in patients with depressive disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S419-S420
Author(s):  
Á. Palma Conesa ◽  
F.N. Dinamarca Cáceres ◽  
M. Grifell Guardia ◽  
L. Galingo Guarin ◽  
L. González Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Harm Prevention

IntroductionDepression is a disabling disorder with a high socio-economic impact. It might require hospitalization for symptom control and/or harm prevention. Other depressive disorders might as well require hospitalization in benefit of the patient. Hospitalization may be involuntary. Hospitalization willfulness in depressive patients has not been systematically studied in recent years.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the necessity of involuntary hospitalization in patients presenting depressive symptoms at the emergency service that were later diagnosed with a depressive disorder.Materials and methodsFrom all patients visited in the psychiatric emergency service from 2012 to April 2015 those that were hospitalized in the acute mental health unit and diagnosed with a depressive disorder were studied. All those monopolar depression diagnoses were considered, excluding those within the bipolar spectrum. Diagnosis followed CIE-9 criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of the samples was then conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill.).ResultsFrom all 385 depressive disorders, 169 were involuntary admissions (43.9%), 196 were voluntary (50.9%) and 20 were scheduled (5.2%), difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mean age, was 59.52 years for involuntary admissions, 61.7 for voluntary and 63.6 years for scheduled, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Gender differences were not significant.ConclusionsMost depressive disorders were hospitalized voluntarily. However, a relevant percentage of patients required involuntary hospitalization. Younger patients presented a higher ratio of involuntary hospitalization. Reasons for involuntary hospitalization needs should be further studied.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest. Liliana Galindo is a Rio Hortega fellowship (ISC-III; CM14/00111).

Alexithymia and Coping Strategies: Predictors of Hopelessness?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S226-S226 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Serafini ◽  
L. Capobianco ◽  
M. Pompili ◽  
P. Girardi ◽  
M. Amore
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The University

IntroductionAlexithymic traits and coping strategies may affect the onset and course of many psychiatric conditions. However, their role in determining hopelessness and suicide risk has been not still elucidated.ObjectivesThe present study analyzed the correlations between alexithymia, coping strategies, and hopelessness.AimsWe aimed to evaluate whether specific coping strategies and alexithymia may predict hopelessness which is widely considered an independent risk factor for suicide.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted on 276 patients (19.9% men, 81.1% women; mean age: 48.1 years, SD: 16.9), of which most with major affective disorders, who were admitted at the Psychiatric Unit of the University of Genoa (Italy). All participants were assessed using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsAlexythimic subjects significantly differ from non-alexythimic individuals in terms of substance abuse (χ2 = 23.1; P = .027). According to bivariate analyses, we found a significant correlation between hopelessness and suicidal thoughts/wishes (r = .34; P = .01), humor (r = –.24; P = .05), and behavioural disengagement (r = .205; P = .05). Behavioural disengagement is also a positive predictor of hopelessness (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.52) while humour is a negative predictor of hopelessness (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99).ConclusionsBehavioural disengagement needs to be considered a risk factor while humor is a protective factor for suicide. Surprisingly, we found no significant association between alexithymia and hopelessness. Further additional studies are requested to test these exploratory findings in order to more deeply elucidate the role of both alexithymia and coping strategies in suicidal behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Polymorphism in Vitamin D-Binding Protein as a Genetic Risk Factor in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 5971-5972
Author(s):  
Klaus Faserl ◽  
Georg Golderer ◽  
Leopold Kremser ◽  
Herbert Lindner ◽  
Bettina Sarg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Previous studies have implicated a deficiency in the inflammatory response in women who develop endometriosis. The specific immunological deficits have not been completely elucidated. Objective: Our objective was to identify differences in protein expression in serum that might shed light on the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study of women undergoing laparoscopy between 2003 and 2005 took place at a university medical center. Patients: Patients included consenting women age 18-49 yr undergoing surgery for pain and/or infertility or elective tubal ligation. Women with acute or chronic medical conditions were excluded. Intervention: Blood was collected preoperatively. Main Outcome Measure: Proteomic analysis of serum was done using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Results: We found 25 protein spots with a significant difference in abundance between women with endometriosis and controls, including acute-phase proteins and complement components. The abundance of vitamin D-binding protein was higher in all endometriosis pools by a factor of approximately 3 compared with the control pool (P &lt; 0.02). Analysis of specific allele products using nano-LC-ESI-MS indicated that it was the GC*2 allele product that was in greater concentration in serum pools, as well as in single validation samples, in women with endometriosis (P = 0.006). In contrast to the GC*1 allele product, which is readily converted to a potent macrophage factor (Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor), the GC*2 allele product undergoes practically no such conversion. Conclusions: We speculate that the inability to sufficiently activate macrophages’ phagocytotic function in those carrying the GC*2 polymorphism (more prevalent in endometriosis) may allow endometriotic tissues to implant in the peritoneal cavity. Future studies evaluating specific vitamin D-binding protein polymorphisms as a risk factor for endometriosis in larger populations of women are warranted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a cross-sectional study in Han and Manchu ethnic populations in Hebei, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouxian Pan ◽  
Jiantao Cui ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Yuyu Chou ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

AimsTo investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40–79 years in Hebei province, China.DesignCross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.SettingHebei province, China.ParticipantsA multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1 year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.Main outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.ResultsA total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.

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