scholarly journals Low Self-Rated Health as A Risk Factor for Depression in South Korea: A Survey of Young Males and Females

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Yunyoung Kim ◽  
Eunsu Jang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

This is a cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether low self-rated health (SRH) is a risk factor for depression among young males and females. Data from the SRH, quality of life (QoL) and depression questionnaires as well as general information, were collected from 512 males and females aged 20–29 years in South Korea. Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of depression between the high and low SRH groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between SRH and depression after adjusting for covariates. There were 32.6% males and 30.1% females who were at risk for depression. A significant difference in the distribution of depression between the low and high SRH groups in both males and females was found. The low SRH group had a higher prevalence of depression than the high SRH group in both males and females in the crude analysis. However, when the BMI, economic status, and mental component score were adjusted, the OR of the low SRH group was still significant in males. Low SRH may be a risk factor for depression especially in males. Further studies to improve SRH by developing preventive measures against depression status while considering gender characteristics are needed.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Health and Subjective Economic Status in Life Satisfaction among Older Chinese Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Bum Jung Kim ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Yura Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Older Chinese

This study examines the influence of self-rated health and subjective economic status on the life satisfaction of older Chinese immigrants in the United States. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 205 older Chinese immigrants aged 66 to 90 years living in Los Angeles and Honolulu. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was employed to explore the independent effects of self-rated health and subjective economic status. The results demonstrated that self-rated health and subjective economic status were positively associated with life satisfaction. This cross-sectional study provides empirical evidence that self-rated health and subjective economic status are directly associated with subjective life satisfaction among older Chinese immigrants.

scholarly journals Teacher Discrimination Reduces School Performance of African American Youth: Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Performance ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Gender may alter African Americans’ vulnerability to discrimination. The type of outcomes that follow exposure to discrimination may also be gender-specific. Although teacher discrimination is known to deteriorate school performance, it is yet unknown whether male and female African American youth differ in the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance. Objective: This cross-sectional study explored the moderating role of gender on the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance in a national sample of African American youth. Methods: The National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A) enrolled a nationally representative sample (n = 810) of 13–17-year-old African American youth. Demographic factors, socioeconomic status, teacher discrimination, and school performance (grade point average, GPA) were measured. Linear multivariable regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: Males and females reported similar levels of perceived teacher discrimination. In the pooled sample, higher teacher discrimination was associated with lower school performance among African American youth (b = −0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.49 to −0.22). Gender interacted with perceived teacher discrimination (b = 12; 95% CI = 0.24–2.02), suggesting a significant difference between males and females in the magnitude of the association between perceived teacher discrimination and GPA. In stratified models, perceived teacher discrimination was associated with worse school performance of females (b = −12; 95% CI = −0.03 to −2.78) but not males (b = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.07 to 0.08). Conclusion: In line with previous studies, gender was found to alter the vulnerability of African American youth to perceived discrimination. African American boys and girls may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of teacher discrimination on school performance.

scholarly journals Factors associated with relapse of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
AKM Akramul Haque ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Zinat De Laila ◽  
Luna Laila ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse which is commonly associated with noncompliance of medicine, as well as stress and high expressed emotions. The objective of the study was to determine the factors of relapse among the schizophrenic patients attending in outpatient departments of three tertiary level psychiatric facilities in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted from July, 2001 to June, 2002. Two hundred patients including both relapse and nonrelapse cases of schizophrenia and their key relatives were included by purposive sampling. The results showed no statistically significant difference in terms of relapse with age, sex, religion, residence, occupation and level of education (p>0.05), but statistically significant difference was found with marital status and economic status (p<0.01). The proportion of non-compliance was found to be 80% and 14%, of high expressed emotion was 17% and 2% and of the occurrence of stressful life events was 10% and 1% in relapse and non-relapse cases respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and noncompliance with medication had a role in schizophrenic patients for its relapse.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 59-63

scholarly journals Health state of the citizens of Nothern Kosovska Mitrovica

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 746-751
Author(s):  
Momcilo Mirkovic ◽  
Snezana Simic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Sladjana Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. For health assessment, beside the data of routine health statistics, it is necessary to include and data obtained by a health survey of the citizens. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish how northern Kosovska Mitrovica adults assess their health and which diseases are most common among the population, as well as to investigate differences in relation to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the characteristics of social interaction and health behavior and habits. Methods. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study conducted on the representative sample of adult citizens in northern Kosovska Mitrovica in 2006. Two hundred-eighteen respondents were included in the survey. In the research we used a questionnaire identical to the Health Survey conducted in Serbia in 2006. The significance of differences in responses about self-rated health and chronic diseases in relation to the characteristics of respondents? responses were determined by X2-test with the significance level of 0.05. Results. Over half of the respondents (54.7%) assessed their health condition as good or very good. There was a significant difference in self-rated health in relation to the respondents? age (?2=202.036; p=0.000), education (?2=72.412; p=0.000), social support (?2=12.416; p=0.015), smoking (?2=11.675; p=0.020) and physical activity (?2=61.842; p=0.000). The leading health problems among the respondents were high blood pressure, rheumatologic diseases of joints, ulcer of the duodenal or gastric ulcer, gall bladder disease and high blood fat. Conclusion. Adult residents of northern Kosovska Mitrovica assessed their health as better than the residents of Serbia without Kosovo and Metohia. The diseases in which stress plays the major role among etiological factors are in the leading position. The obtained data on the population level of specific areas represent the basis in the planning of health education and health promotion activities.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Implants among Dental Interns in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Khaled Alzahrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Alnafisah ◽  
Khalid Gohormallah Alzahrani ◽  
Khalid Ghalib Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of dental implants among dental interns in Saudi Arabia Materials and Methods: A self-designed, close-ended questionnaire was distributed among 205 interns chosen by stratified random sampling technique. The questionnaire consisted of 28 items pertaining to demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices of dental implants. Responses were coded and entered into spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel 16.0.) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Version 22.0) and contingency tables and chi-square test (χ2). Results: The majority of the participants were males (64.4%), between 24-26 years of age (64%) and had a GPA between 4-5 (63.4%). The majority of the participants gained knowledge of dental implants through theoretical lectures (98.5%), and most of them (80%) knew, what material, an implant was made up of. Almost all participants (91.7%) knew that dental implants had surface modifications. Most (64.4%) believed that case selection is the most important criteria for the success of dental implant therapy, and this differed significantly among participants with respect to GPA (p=0.03). Many participants (60%) believed that the most important advantage of dental implants over fixed prosthesis is that reduction of adjacent tooth is not needed, and this differed significantly between males and females (p=0.026). There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between males and females when it came to confidence in independently restoring teeth using dental implants. 63% of the participants were confident to use dental implants in their future practice. Conclusion: Knowledge of dental implants among dental interns is satisfactory, but this study reveals that participants lack practical experience and would like to acquire more clinical skills. Limitations: The response rate of participants from each university was low, which made comparisons between different universities difficult because sample size from some universities was very small, which could not produce statistically accurate results.

scholarly journals Polymorphism in Vitamin D-Binding Protein as a Genetic Risk Factor in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-944
Author(s):  
Klaus Faserl ◽  
Georg Golderer ◽  
Leopold Kremser ◽  
Herbert Lindner ◽  
Bettina Sarg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Context Previous studies have implicated a deficiency in the inflammatory response in women who develop endometriosis. The specific immunological deficits have not been completely elucidated. Objective Our objective was to identify differences in protein expression in serum that might shed light on the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Design and Setting This cross-sectional study of women undergoing laparoscopy between 2003 and 2005 took place at a university medical center. Patients Patients included consenting women age 18-49 yr undergoing surgery for pain and/or infertility or elective tubal ligation. Women with acute or chronic medical conditions were excluded. Intervention Blood was collected preoperatively. Main Outcome Measure Proteomic analysis of serum was done using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Results We found 25 protein spots with a significant difference in abundance between women with endometriosis and controls, including acute-phase proteins and complement components. The abundance of vitamin D-binding protein was higher in all endometriosis pools by a factor of approximately 3 compared with the control pool (P &lt; 0.02). Analysis of specific allele products using nano-LC-ESI-MS indicated that it was the GC*2 allele product that was in greater concentration in serum pools, as well as in single validation samples, in women with endometriosis (P = 0.006). In contrast to the GC*1 allele product, which is readily converted to a potent macrophage factor (Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor), the GC*2 allele product undergoes practically no such conversion. Conclusions We speculate that the inability to sufficiently activate macrophages’ phagocytotic function in those carrying the GC*2 polymorphism (more prevalent in endometriosis) may allow endometriotic tissues to implant in the peritoneal cavity. Future studies evaluating specific vitamin D-binding protein polymorphisms as a risk factor for endometriosis in larger populations of women are warranted.

Childhood Physical Punishment as Risk Factor for Combat-Related PTSD

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S511-S512
Author(s):  
E. Becirovic ◽  
R. Softic ◽  
M. Mirkovic Hajdukov ◽  
A. Becirovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionRisk and protective factors for PTSD can be grouped into pretraumatic, peritraumatic, and posttraumatic. Reported childhood abuse has predictive risk effects for PTSD than most other pretraumatic risk factors.ObjectiveTo examine childhood physical abuse history in war veterans.AimsTo determine whether childhood physical abuse is risk factor for PTSD in war veterans.MethodsCross-sectional study of 205 war veterans tested by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and sociobiographic Questionnaire (with data of childhood physical punishment).ResultsA significant difference in reported childhood physical punishment between war veterans with and without PTSD was found. Veterans with PTSD were identified as recipients of childhood physical punishment.ConclusionsChildhood physical punishment has positive correlation with development of PTSD in war veterans.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Application of the 2014 NICE cholesterol guidelines in the English population: a cross-sectional analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (662) ◽  
pp. e598-e608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ueda ◽  
Thomas Wai-Chun Lung ◽  
Philip Clarke ◽  
Goodarz Danaei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Risk Threshold ◽  
English Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data

BackgroundThe 2014 guidelines on cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid modification from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommend statin therapy for adults with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for adults with a 10-year CVD risk of ≥10%, estimated using the QRISK2 algorithm.AimTo determine risk factor levels required to exceed the risk threshold for statin therapy, and to estimate the number of adults in England who would require statin therapy under the guidelines.Design and settingCross-sectional study using a sample representative of the English population aged 30–84 years.MethodTo estimate 10-year CVD risk different combinations of risk factor levels were entered into the QRISK2 algorithm. The NICE guidelines were applied to the sample using data from the Health Survey for England 2011.ResultsEven with optimal risk factor levels, males of different ethnicities would exceed the 10% risk threshold between the ages of 60 and 70 years, and females would exceed the threshold between 65 and 75 years. Under the NICE guidelines, 11.8 million males and females (37% of the adults aged 30–84 years) would require statin therapy, most of them (9.8 million) for primary prevention. When analysed by age, 95% of males and 66% of females without CVD in ages 60–74 years, including all males and females in ages 75–84 years, would require statin therapy.ConclusionUnder the 2014 NICE guidelines, 11.8 million (37%) adults in England aged 30–84 years, including almost all males >60 years and all females >75 years, require statin therapy.

scholarly journals Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology and Correlation with Gender on Lateral Cephalograms

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati ◽  
Komal Smriti ◽  
Keerthilatha Muralidhar Pai ◽  
Ravindranath Vineetha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the variation of the soft palate morphology and the proportional differences of the morphology of soft palate between males and females. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in department of oral medicine and radiology. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals subjected to radiographic examination for orthodontic purpose were retrieved. A total of 100 digital lateral cephalograms of normal healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females) who were aged 15 to 45 years were retrieved. Results Type 1 was most commonest shape of the soft palate (30%) followed by type 6 (19%), types 2 and 3 (17 and 17%), type 4 (11%) with least being type 5 (6%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of shape of soft palate between males and females (p = 0.312). Conclusion This classification can help us better understand the diversity of the velar morphology and can be used as references for the research of velopharyngeal closure in cleft palate individuals, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and other conditions. How to cite this article Smriti K, Pai KM, Vineetha R, Pentapati KC. Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology and Correlation with Gender on Lateral Cephalograms. World J Dent 2015;6(3):147-149.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Intensity of Hookworm Infections in Ekiti, Nigeria; A Cross Sectional Study in State Specialist Hospital and Federal Medical Centre

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
SO Adewole ◽  
IA Akingbolu
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Words Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hookworm Infections

Prevalence of hookworm and other helminthes infections from year 2004 till May, 2007 was carried out in both the State Specialist Hospital and Federal Medical Centre, in Ekiti State. Of the 2,686 recorded and examined, 1,246 persons representing 46.3% were infected with helminthes while 53.7% were infected with other helminthes like Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura. At State Specialist Hospital (Ado-Ekiti), 646 persons representing 47.1% were infected with hookworm while 600 persons representing 45.5% were infected with hookworm at Federal Medical Centre, (Ido-Ekiti). There is a significant difference (X2=8.9; P< 0.05) in the prevalence and susceptibility of males and females to infections in the State Specialist hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Also, there is no significant difference (X2=3.82; P > 0.05) in the prevalence and susceptibility of males and females to hookworm infections. Key words: Prevalence; Epidemiology; Helminthes; Infections Hospital.   DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4588 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 399-402, 2009  

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