scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a cross-sectional study in Han and Manchu ethnic populations in Hebei, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouxian Pan ◽  
Jiantao Cui ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Yuyu Chou ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

AimsTo investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40–79 years in Hebei province, China.DesignCross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.SettingHebei province, China.ParticipantsA multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1 year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.Main outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.ResultsA total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043814
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Andargachew Kassa ◽  
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh ◽  
Girma Altaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide an association between dysmenorrhoea and academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Further, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dysmenorrhoea.Design and methodInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 28 April 2019. A semistructured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to model dysmenorrhoea and academic performance, respectively.Setting and participantsEthiopia (2019: n=647 female university students).OutcomesThe primary outcome is dysmenorrhoea, which has been defined as painful menses that prevents normal activity and requires medication. The self-reported cumulative grade point average of students was used as a proxy measure of academic performance, which is the secondary outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 317 (51.5%). The educational status of father (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) 2.64 (1.04 to 6.66)), chocolate consumption (AOR (95% CI) 3.39 (95% 1.28 to 8.93)), daily breakfast intake (<5 days/week) (AOR (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.95)), irregular menstrual cycle AOR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.55 to 3.54)) and positive family history of dysmenorrhoea AOR (95% CI) 3.29 (2.25 to 4.81)) had statistically significant association with dysmenorrhoea. There was no statistically significant difference in academic performance among students with and without dysmenorrhoea (F (3611)=1.276, p=0.28)).ConclusionsDysmenorrhoea was a common health problem among graduating University students. However, it has no statistically significant impact on academic performance. Reproductive health officers should educate and undermine the negative academic consequences of dysmenorrhoea to reduce the physical and psychological stress that happens to females and their families.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep flocks in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu Gidado Adamu ◽  
Junaidu Kabir ◽  
Jarlath Udo Umoh ◽  
Mashood Abiola Raji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Q fever in sheep in the northern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study aimed to determine Coxiella burnetii infection and its risk factors in sheep in Kaduna State. A total of 400 blood samples consisting of 259 samples from females and 141 from males were aseptically collected from the jugular vein of sheep from flocks in Kaduna State. The sera obtained were screened for Q fever using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The obtained data were analysed to determine whether there is a relationship between sex, age, and the animals tested. The analysis revealed that 8.0% of the sera was seropositive by iELISA. There was no significant difference in Q fever seropositivity in the study area according to the sex of sheep (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in Q fever seropositivity according to the age of sheep. This study indicated a high seroprevalence of Q fever mainly among female animals and older sheep. Further studies are required to determine the epizootiology of Q fever in the study area more precisely.

scholarly journals Total Pesticide Exposure Calculation among Vegetable Farmers in Benguet, Philippines

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinky Leilanie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Integrated Program

This was a cross-sectional study that investigated pesticide exposure and its risk factors targeting vegetable farmers selected through cluster sampling. The sampling size calculated with was 211 vegetable farmers and 37 farms. The mean usage of pesticide was 21.35 liters. Risk factors included damaged backpack sprayer (34.7%), spills on hands (31.8%), and spraying against the wind (58%). The top 3 pesticides used were pyrethroid (46.4%), organophosphates (24.2%), and carbamates (21.3%). Those who were exposed to fungicides and insecticides also had higher total pesticide exposure. Furthermore, a farmer who was a pesticide applicator, mixer, loader, and who had not been given instructions through training was at risk of having higher pesticide exposure. The most prevalent symptoms were headache (64.1%), muscle pain (61.1%), cough (45.5%), weakness (42.4%), eye pain (39.9%), chest pain (37.4%), and eye redness (33.8%). The data can be used for the formulation of an integrated program on safety and health in the vegetable industry.

Cessation of E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents and Its Associated Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 53S-60S ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani ◽  
Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes ◽  
Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Hasimah Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Complex Sampling Design

We assessed the prevalence of cessation of e-cigarette and its associated factors among adolescents in Malaysia. This study analyzed data from the Tobacco and E-Cigarette Survey among Malaysian Adolescent (TECMA) in 2016, a cross-sectional study with 2-stage stratification cluster sampling. A total of 14 832 school-going adolescents aged 10 to 19 years participated in this survey. A complex sampling design and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied. Nearly half of the adolescents (49.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 44.9-55.0) who had ever used e-cigarette ceased the usage. Based on multivariate analysis, adolescents were more likely to quit e-cigarette because they could not afford the e-cigarette (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.78-3.20), if they are aged 13 year and older (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.25-2.61), and those who claimed their e-cigarette does not contain nicotine (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.78). E-cigarette prevention efforts among adolescents could consider the cessation factors described in this study.

scholarly journals Non-communicable disease risk factor profile among Fishermen community of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Annadurai ◽  
Nithiya Balan ◽  
Karnaboopathy Ranaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Owing to growing epidemic of non communicable diseases (NCD), identification of risk factor profile is one of the high-priority actions required in reducing NCDs. Further, fishermen community possesses unique characteristics of a folk society despite the urban environment around it. Since major portion of the life of fishermen is spent at sea with bizarre sleep and eating pattern, their risk profile for non-communicable disease are different from general population. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among fishermen community in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu; to identify the association of the NCD risk factors with socio-demographic and occupational characteristics of the study participants. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 210 adult male Fishermen community of Kovalam, Kalpakkam and Mahabalipuram, of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu during May to October, 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire and all the participants were motivated to undergo laboratory investigations. Results: Prevalence of smoking tobacco form, smokeless tobacco use and alcohol use were 17.1%, 22.9% and 61.4% respectively. Mean blood pressure observed in our study was 120.14/77.86 mm Hg. Prevalence of hypertension was 39.05% and 13.3% were having abdominal obesity. Conclusions: NCD risk factors like hypertension, alcohol use was quite high in this fishermen community and it needs further evaluation. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of High Blood Pressure among Adults in Banyuwangi Coastal Communities, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erni Astutik ◽  
Septa Indra Puspikawati ◽  
Desak Made Sintha Kurnia Dewi ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi ◽  
Susy Katikana Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
Increasing Risk

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a disease that still a problem in the world. Hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke mortality. Economic development and an emphasis on coastal tourism may have an impact on public health conditions, such as hypertension. This study aimed to determine risk factors related to hypertension among adults in coastal communities in Indonesia.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 123 respondents between the age of 18-59 years old selected by cluster sampling. This study was conducted among coastal communities in Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia. Data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: Our study showed that the prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension among residents of coastal communities were as high as 33.33% and 31.71%, respectively. Increasing age was associated with systolic and diastolic hypertension (ORsystolic=1.11; 95% CI=1.03-1.19, p=0.01 and ORdiastolic=1.07; 95% CI=1.01-1.15, p=0.03) after controlling other variables. Respondents with the poorest and richer socio economic status had higher odds of having systolic and diastolic hypertension compared to respondents with the richest socio-economic status (ORsystolic-poorest =12.78; 95% CI=1.61-101.54, p=0.02; ORsystolicricher=10.74; 95% CI =1.55-74.37, p=0.02 and ORdiastolicpoorest= 10.36; 95% CI= 1.40-76.74, p=0.02;ORdiastolic-richer=6.45;95% CI=1.01-41.43, p=0.05) after controlling other variables.CONCLUSION: Being of older age and of the lower in socioeconomic status are significantly associated with increasing risk for systolic and diastolic hypertension in these coastal communities. More studies need to be done in these and other coastal village to help design appropriate health promotion and counseling strategies for coastal community.

scholarly journals Pig Sero-Survey and Farm Level Risk Factor Assessment for Japanese Encephalitis in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shristi Ghimire ◽  
Santosh Dhakal ◽  
Narayan Prasad Ghimire ◽  
Durga Datt Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control And Management

The objectives of this cross-sectional study was to determine the seropositivity status of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in pig and ascertain the farm level risk factors in Nepal. Serum samples were collected from 181 pigs in 91 farms of Rupandehi and Kapilbastu districts and tested for antibodies by IgG ELISA. Survey of farmers in each farm was carried out to determine the farm level risk factors. A total of 20 out of 181 (11%) serum samples tested positive for JEV antibodies. There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity with age (p>0.05), sex (p>0.05) and breed (p>0.05) of pigs. Farm level infection was significantly associated with closeness to rice fields (p<0.05), closeness to standing water sources (p<0.05), wild bird exposure (p<0.05) and mosquito bite to pigs (p<0.05). These factors need to be addressed while formulating prevention, control and management strategies of JEV in pig and hence in human. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10639  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 311-314  

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors among children aged 5–10 years in West Bengal, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Pal ◽  
Sourav Manna ◽  
Rishna Dalui ◽  
Rupanjan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Prakash C. Dhara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background In the previous few decades, India has made significant progress in reducing child mortality and fertility rates; yet, undernutrition remains one of the country’s primary public health issues. The goal of this study was to determine the extent of child malnutrition in West Bengal, India, as well as the risk factors linked with it. In diverse districts of West Bengal, a community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken utilizing multi-stage stratified cluster sampling followed by systematic random sampling. Anthropometric, individual, and household characteristics were collected from 2070 children in this study. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated. The levels and factors related with child undernutrition were studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Stunting, underweight, and thinness were shown to be prevalent in 25.48%, 33%, and 26.88% of children, respectively. With age, the likelihood of a child becoming malnourished increased. In comparison with girls, boys had a greater chance of being malnourished. Separately, parental educational and occupational statuses were linked to child malnutrition. Undernourished children were more likely to have a mother who was uneducated or undereducated (stunting: OR = 1.46; underweight: OR = 1.49; thinness: OR = 1.49). Children from economically disadvantaged families were more likely to be malnourished. Children from households with untreated drinking water and poor sanitation were more likely to be malnourished. Conclusions The current study showed that there are several risk variables linked to child malnutrition. Undernutrition was caused by illiteracy, filthy drinking water, and poor sanitation, all of which were independent risk factors.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STROKE DI RSUD INDRAMAYU

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Wayunah Wayunah ◽  
Muhammad Saefulloh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRAKStroke merupakan penyakit neurologik yeng terjadi karena gangguan suplai darah menuju suatu bagian otak. Angka kejadian stroke meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, semakin tinggi usia seseorang semakin tinggi kemungkinan terjadi stroke. Menurut penyebabnya stroke dibagi dua yaitu stroke hemoragik akibat pecahnya pembuluh darah otak dan stroke iskemik (stroke non hemoragik) akibat adanya trombus atau embolus pada pembuluh darah otak. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan stroke, yang terdiri dari faktor yang tidak dapat diubah dan faktor yang dapat diubah. Tujuan  penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stroke. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasonal analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel sebanyak 103 responden yang diambil dengan tehnik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara hipertensi (p = 0,035) dan aktivitas fisik (p = 0,011) dengan jenis stroke. Aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor risiko paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan jenis stroke dengan OR = 5,8. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan riwayat hipertensi dan aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor risiko independen yang berhubungan dengan jenis stroke. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini ditujukan kepada rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kegiatan penyuluhan untuk mencegah faktor risiko terjadinya stroke. Selain itu meningkatkan peran perawat dalam  pemberian pelayanan keperawatan, dimana perawat memfokuskan asuhan pada kebutuhan kesehatan pasien secara holistik.ABSTRACT Stroke is a neurological disease that occurs due to disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain. The incidence of stroke increases with age, that the older the person the possibility of stroke. According to the cause of stroke divided into two hemorrhagic stroke due to rupture of blood vessels of the brain and ischemic stroke (stroke non hemoragik) due to thrombus or embolus in the blood vessels of the brain. Many factors cause a stroke, which consists of factors that can not be changed and the factors that can be changed. The aim of research to identify and explain the risk factors associated with the occurrence of stroke.This research is an analytic observational study with cross sectional study. The sample of this study as many as 103 respondents is taken with consecutive sampling technique. The results showed significant relationship between hypertension (p = 0,035) and physical activity (p = 0.011) with the type of stroke. Physical activity is the predominant risk factor associated with this type of stroke with OR = 5.8. The study concluded a history of hypertension and physical inactivity is an independent risk factor associated with this type of stroke. Recommendations from this study aimed to hospitals to improve education activities to prevent risk factors for stroke. Besides increasing the role of nurses in the delivery of nursing services, where nurses care focuses on the health needs of patients holistically.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors in high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yasemin Balaban ◽  
Abdullah Tarık Aslan ◽  
Fatma Nur Akdoğan Kittana ◽  
Alpaslan Alp ◽  
Osman Dağ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Undercooked Meat

AbstractBackgroundThe renal transplant recipients (RT), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (allo-HSCT), patients with acute hepatitis (AH), and chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC) are at risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. However, seroepidemiology, risk factors to HEV exposure, and the prevalence of HEV viremia has not yet been investigated among these patients in Turkey.Materials&MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 292 consecutive serum samples were tested for HEV immunoglobulin IgG/IgM and HEV RNA using commercial ELISA and in-house nested PCR with Sanger sequencing, respectively. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory data, and risk factors were collected using a questionnaire and hospital database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors for anti-HEV seropositivity.ResultsAmong all patients (n=292) tested for HEV RNA reactivity, only 2 patients (one RT recipient and one patient with AH) were identified as having HEV3 viremia. HEV viremia rate was 0.6% in whole group. These patients had shown no signs of chronic HEV infection for 6 months and was found to spontaneously seroconverted 6 months after enrollment. Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 29 patients yielding an HEV seroprevalence of 9.9%. Older age (aOR:1.03, 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; p:0.022) and eating undercooked meat (aOR:3.11, 95% CI, 1.08-8.92; p:0.034) were independent risk factors to anti-HEV seropositivity in all patients. Similarly, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (aOR:1.03, 95% CI, 0.99-1.07, p:0.058) and eating undercooked meat (aOR:5.77, 95% CI, 1.49-22.25, p:0.011) were independent risk factors for anti-HEV IgG positivity in the non-immunosuppressive subgroup consisting of AH and CHC patients.ConclusionThe HEV seroprevalence rate was high (9.9%), despite low viremia rate (0.6%) in high-risk patients. The emergence of HEV3 might indicate a serious problem for these patients. Future investigations are needed to elucidate foodborne transmission routes of HEV in Turkey.

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