Smoking Cessation and Soft Signs of Mental Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S32
Author(s):  
A. Batra ◽  
S. Eck
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders

Smoking is associated with major depression, schizophrenia, anxiety and compulsive disorders, personality disorders, or substance abuse disorders [1,2]. More than that, smokers often report higher levels of novelty seeking, anxiety or depressive symptoms without fulfilling full diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder.In a former study, Batra et al. [3] had shown that smokers reporting higher levels of novelty seeking/hyperactivity, depressivity, and nicotine dependence evince higher relapse rates after completion of a six-weeks behavioural treatment program than smokers reporting low scores on self-report psychological symptom measures.Another study [4] showed that a modified smoking cessation program matched to at-risk smokers’ needs with n = 268 adult smokers leads to higher long-term abstinence rates.All at-risk smokers had been randomly assigned to receive either a standard or modified treatment. Best results were shown for smokers with mild depressive symptoms. The talk reports results of former and recent studies and focuses on the German treatment guidelines for tobacco related disorders.These [5] recommend to assess tobacco use among patients with mental disorders and should be offered smoking cessation support under consideration of the acuteness and the particularities of the mental disorder using the same psychotherapeutic and pharmaceutical measures as for smokers without additional mental disorders.Disclosure of interestFinancial support by Pfizer, Parexel, SKB, Novartis for smoking cessation studies.

Patterns of change in depressive symptoms during smoking cessation: Who's at risk for relapse?

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Burgess ◽  
Richard A. Brown ◽  
Christopher W. Kahler ◽  
Raymond Niaura ◽  
David B. Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms

scholarly journals Characteristics of people with mental disorders differ between currently smoking and ceased smoking

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dahal ◽  
A Bharrarai ◽  
K Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Quit Smoking

Abstract Introduction Although the prevalence of smoking is higher among people with mental disorders compared to those without mental disorders, people with mental disorders are less successful for smoking cessation. This study examined the variation in characteristics of people with mental disorders across those who are current smokers and former smokers. Methodology This study used the Public Used Microdata File of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2012. (n = 25,113). People with any mental health disorder in the last 12 months were identified using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview instrument. Smoking status was classified based on self-report responses as: current, former, and never smoking. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the characteristics of people with mental disorders and smoking cessation (vs continuation). Results Overall, the prevalence of current smoking, former smoking, and nonsmoker were 37.5%, 33.6%, and 28.8% respectively. Immigrants compared to Canadian-born (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3, 0.8) and those who were single (either widowed or divorced or separated or single) compared to married or living with a partner (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.6) were less likely to quit smoking. Similarly, less educated and young people were also less likely to quit smoking. Conclusions Young people, living alone, less educated, and immigrants are less successful to quit smoking. Findings indicate the social disparity in smoking cessation among people with mental disorders. This may have been related to the barriers in accessing smoking cessation support among this group. Key messages Findings underscore the disparity in smoking cessation among people with mental disorder. Implementation of tailored, personalized smoking cessation support may be helpful to address the challenges.

Differentiation of ADHD and Depression Based on Cognitive Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471986578
Author(s):  
Madlen Paucke ◽  
Tina Stibbe ◽  
Jue Huang ◽  
Maria Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether self-report scales and neuropsychological tests used for adult patients with ADHD can help to distinguish between ADHD-specific and depressive symptoms. Method: In a cross-sectional design, differences in self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests among clinical subgroups and healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Patients in clinical groups were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or ADHD with or without depressive symptoms according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) guidelines. Results: The Hyperactivity subscales of the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) differed between MDD and ADHD, whereas self-concept and inattention scales even distinguished comorbidity subgroups within the ADHD population. A reduced alertness and higher variations in reaction times measured by performance tests indicated problems in sustained attention in ADHD patients compared with HC. Conclusion: The diagnostic process of ADHD, and thereby the distinction from other symptom-overlapping, comorbid mental disorders, might be improved by utilizing ADHD-specific self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests, which are short, cost-effective, and standardized screening methods.

Characteristics and Symptomatology of Patients Diagnosed with Unipolar Depression at Risk for Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder: A Bipolar Survey

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Bolge ◽  
Thomas Thompson ◽  
Eric Bourne ◽  
Kevin Nanry
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Text Revision

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify characteristics of patients diagnosed with unipolar depression who may have undiagnosed bipolar disorder.Methods: Patients diagnosed with unipolar depression by a healthcare provider were identified through the Consumer Health Sciences National Health and Wellness Survey. Manic symptoms, comorbid conditions, psychiatric symptomatology, use of healthcare resources, and patient demographics were identified through Internet-based questionnaires. A self-report adapted version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision criteria identified symptoms consistent with a manic episode. Psychological well-being was measured by the Psychological General Well-Being Index.Results: Of the 1,602 respondents who met inclusion criteria, 219 (14% or ~1 out of 7) reported symptoms consistent with a manic episode and were considered at risk for undiagnosed bipolar disorder. These respondents were younger and had a lower socioeconomic status. At-risk patients rated their depression as more severe and experienced greater impairment of psychological well-being. More than 70% of those at risk reported speaking with a healthcare provider about their mania symptoms. Comorbid mental disorders, especially anxiety-related conditions, were common in these patients.Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of evaluating unipolar patients for bipolar disorder and may help clinicians identify symptoms and comorbidities associated with patients with unipolar depression at risk for undiagnosed bipolar disorder.

Behavioral Activation Treatment for Smoking (BATS) in smokers with depressive symptomatology

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2/3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura MacPherson ◽  
Anahi Collado ◽  
Carl W. Lejuez ◽  
Richard A. Brown ◽  
Matthew T. Tull
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Cigarette smoking remains the primary preventable cause of mortality and morbidity globally. The overarching goal of the paper is to disseminate the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Smoking (BATS), which integrates behavioral activation principles with standard treatment guidelines to assist individuals in achieving short- and long-term smoking cessation. Through a series of sequential steps, BATS guides individuals who wish to quit smoking to increase their engagement in healthy, pleasurable, and value-consistent activities. Design/methodology/approach The document provides the BATS rationale and contains an abridged manual for use by clinicians and/or researchers in the context of clinical trials. Findings: BATS is accruing empirical evidence that suggests its ability to promote successful smoking cessation outcomes while decreasing any associated depressive symptoms. Findings BATS is accruing empirical evidence that suggests its ability to promote successful smoking cessation outcomes while decreasing any associated depressive symptoms. Practical implications A description of key components, forms, and strategies to address common treatment barriers are included. Originality/value BATS’s strong roots in learning theories and its idiographic nature allow for the intervention to be implemented flexibly across a wide range of settings and smoking populations. The treatment may also be combined seamlessly with pharmacotherapies. BATS targets both cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms, which constitute a significant barrier to cessation, through a common pathway: increasing rewarding activities. The treatment offers a parsimonious complement to standard smoking cessation treatments.

scholarly journals Association between Spirometric Parameters and Depressive Symptoms in New Mexico Uranium Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Shiva Sharma ◽  
◽  
Xin Shore ◽  
Satyajit Mohite ◽  
Orrin Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Uranium workers are at risk of developing lung disease, characterized by low forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and/or forced vital capacity (FVC). Previous studies have found an association between decreased lung function and depressive symptoms in patients with pulmonary pathologies, but this association has not been well examined in occupational cohorts, especially uranium workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between spirometric measures and depressive symptoms in a sample of elderly former uranium workers screened by the New Mexico Radiation Exposure Screening & Education Program (NM-RESEP). Race- and ethnicity-specific reference equations were used to determine predicted spirometric indices (predictor variable). At least one depressive symptom [depressed mood and/or anhedonia, as determined by a modified Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)], was the outcome variables. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results: At least one depressive symptom was self-reported by 7.6% of uranium workers. Depressed mood was reported over twice as much as anhedonia (7.2% versus 3.3%). Abnormal FVC was associated with at least one depressive symptom after adjustment for covariates. There was no significant interaction between race/ethnicity and spirometric indices on depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Although depressive symptoms are uncommonly reported in uranium workers, they are an important comorbidity due to their overall clinical impact. Abnormal FVC was associated with depressive symptoms. Race/ethnicity was not found to be an effect modifier for the association between abnormal FVC and depressive symptoms. To better understand the mechanism underlying this association and determine if a causal relationship exists between spirometric indices and depressive symptoms in occupational populations at risk for developing lung disease, larger longitudinal studies are required. We recommend screening for depressive symptoms for current and former uranium workers as part of routine health surveillance of this occupational cohort. Such screening may help overcome workers’ reluctance to self-report and seek treatment for depression and may avoid negative consequences to health and safety from missed diagnoses.

scholarly journals Social Support and Depressive Symptoms: Exploring Stigma and Self-Efficacy in a Moderated Mediation Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Fang Wang ◽  
Yue-Jiao Ma ◽  
Ya-Nan Zhou ◽  
Yue-Heng Liu ◽  
Yu-Zhu Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

Abstract Background: Although some psychological processes, such as stigma and self-efficacy, affect the complicated relationship between social support and depressive symptoms, few studies explored a similar psychological mechanism among individuals with substance use disorders. Hence, this research investigates the mediating effects of stigma and the moderating effects of self-efficacy among the psychological mechanism that social support affects depressive symptoms. Methods: The study included 1040 Chinese participants with substance abuse disorders (SUDs) and completed a series of self-report questionnaires. R software was used to organize and clean up data sets and analyze mediation and moderation effects. Results: The result showed that stigma had a partial mediating effect on depressive symptoms, while self-efficacy moderated this relationship. More specifically, less social support increased depression symptoms by bringing about higher stigma. Besides, subjects with higher self-efficacy are less susceptible to stigma and therefore have mild depressive symptoms. Furthermore, clinical and theoretical implications are discussed in our study. Conclusions: Chinese SUDs patients’ depressive symptoms were indirectly affected by perceived social support via stigma and less affected by stigma with improved self-efficacy. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Stress, depressive symptoms, and smoking cessation among pregnant women.

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evette J. Ludman ◽  
Colleen M. McBride ◽  
Jennifer Clark Nelson ◽  
Susan J. Curry ◽  
Louis C. Grothaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women

Is There a Measurement Crisis in Disgust Research?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Armstrong ◽  
Danica Wilbanks ◽  
Daniel Leong ◽  
Kean J. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance ◽  
Corrective Information

Once a forgotten emotion, disgust is now studied in fields from evolutionary to clinical psychology. Although highly adaptive as a pathogen avoidance mechanism, disgust is prone to false positives. Indeed, several anxiety-related disorders involve excessive and irrational disgust. Furthermore, disgust resists corrective information, making it difficult to treat through cognitive-behavioral therapies. A deeper understanding of disgust could improve the treatment of mental disorders and other societal problems involving this peculiar emotion. However, researchers may need to improve the measurement of disgust to gain such insights. In this paper, we review psychology’s “measurement crisis” in the context of disgust. We suggest that self-report measures, though optimal in reliability, have compromised validity because the vernacular usage of disgust captures neighboring states of discomfort and disapproval. In addition to potential validity issues, we find that most non-self-report measures of disgust have questionable reliability. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were rarely reported for psychophysiological and neural measures, but the information available suggests that these measures of disgust have poor reliability and may not support individual difference research crucial to clinical psychology. In light of this assessment, we provide several recommendations for improving the reliability and validity of disgust measurement, including renewed attention to theory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document