Suicidal intent in people with major depression

BackgroundDepression is most common underlying contributor among cases of attempted/completed suicide. There is dearth of information regarding suicidal intent among people with depression and its relationship with hopelessness among Indians.ObjectiveTo evaluate and describe the intent of suicide in people with depression among north Indian population.MethodsThis cross-sectional single point, study was performed at the department of psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. Cases were in the age group of 18–60 years with major depressive disorder as per DSM-IV TR criteria. Following tools e.g. Hamilton depression rating scale (HRS), Beck's hopelessness scale (BHS) and suicide intent questionnaire (SIQ) were used for assessment.ResultsSuicidal intent was observed among 68.1% (n = 49) of study sample (n = 72). There was no significant (P > 0.05) association of suicidal intent with socio-demographic factors except domicile status. Suicidal intent was common among people with moderate to severe depression and those with hopelessness. The hopelessness was present among 70.8% of subjects.ConclusionSuicidal intent is prevalent among people with major depression. Intervention at initial stage of suicidal intention would of importance for successful preventive measure. This emphasizes the need for evaluation of suicidal intent in cases of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Correlation Between Aphasia in Stroke Patients and Severe Depression of Family Members as Primary Caregivers.

Medicinus ◽

10.19166/med.v8i3.3765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Pricilla Yani Gunawan ◽

Kalista Ardelia Iswara

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Family Members ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Taking Care

Background and Objective: Stroke is a disease with an increasing annual prevalence. One of the most frequent clinical manifestation seen in stroke patients is aphasia which greatly affects the patient’s ability to communicate. The burden and the pressure of taking care of the patient placed on the family members often results in psychological impacts such as depression. We intend to know the association between aphasia in stroke patients with severe depression on family members. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study, using an unpaired categorical comparative analysis. Inclusion criteria were family members of patients with and without aphasia. Patients and caregivers who gave their consent verbally were guided to fill in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale questionnaire. The association between aphasia status and the depression scale was analyzed using Chi-Square.Results: Out of 54 respondents included in the study, there were 25 caregivers (46,3%) taking care stroke patients without aphasia, and 29 caregivers (53,7) taking care stroke patients with aphasia. As much as35 (64.8%) were categorized as normal- moderate level of depression and 19 (35.2%) categorized as major depression. From those with major depression, 14 (73.7%) were found in the aphasic group and 5 were in the non-aphasia group. Chi-Square analysis shows a significant correlation [P=0.03; OR=3.73 (1.1-12.7)] between aphasia in stroke patients and severe depression of the caregivers.Conclusion: There is a significant association between aphasia in stroke patients and the incidence of severe depression on their caregivers.

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Correlation Between Level of Depression and Risk of Suicide in Elderly at Purwodadi, Grobogan

Diponegoro International Medical Journal ◽

10.14710/dimj.v1i2.9585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Rilla Fiftina Hadi ◽

Titis Hadiati ◽

Natalia Dewi Wardani

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Low Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severity Rating ◽

Central Java ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: According to WHO, the elderly people have physical and mental challenges, including depression. The incidence of depression lead to suicide on elderly is about 12.7%. In Grobogan Regency, Purwodadi, Central Java, there has been an increase of depression in the last 5 years. Purwodadi Subdistrict depends on the number of orders with the highest number of traffic cases and the elderly.Objective: To determine the correlation between depression level and the risk of suicide.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with cross sectional design in which all respondents were observed and variables were measured at one time. Samples were taken from elderly outpatient of primary health care and Posyandu lansia at Purwodadi, who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Research samples were selected based on nonprobability sampling method through purposive sampling. This research used the Indonesian version of the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and CSSRS (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of elderly depression is 63.3%, and a significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide (p <0.05)Conclusion: significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide

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The burnout's prevalence among Tunisian military consultants in psychiatry

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.332 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S406-S406

Author(s):

H. Belhadj ◽

W. Krir ◽

C. Bencheikh ◽

H. Elkefi ◽

A. Oumaya

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Short Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Verbal Aggressiveness ◽

Patient Health ◽

Human Cost ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Military Patients

IntroductionBurnout causes a considerable human cost. Army employees are, in fact, particularly exposed to this risk.ObjectiveTo determinate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among military consultants in psychiatry and to study its socio-familial repercussions.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in a military outpatient clinic in Tunis and included 30 military patients with a seniority of more than 15 years. Burnout and major depression were assessed with the instrument Burnout Measure Short version (BMS-10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire “PHQ-9”, respectively.ResultsEighty percent of participants (n = 24) had a very high degree of burnout exposure according to BMS-10. Twenty of these (83.3%) had a moderate to severe depression. All married patients (n = 22) having burnout syndrome reported a conjugopathy and a tendency to physical and verbal aggressiveness against their children.ConclusionMilitary employees are particularly vulnerable to burnout. Detecting burnout in time is therefore essential in order to prevent its undeniable socio-familial repercussions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Sociodemographic variables and efficacy study in psychotic patients after 12 months of outpatient treatment with paliperidone palmitate (PP)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S546-S546

Author(s):

P. Manzur Rojas ◽

P. Botias Cegarra ◽

M.R. Raposo Hernandez ◽

M.I. Ibernon Caballero ◽

A. Sanchez Bahillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Rating ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Psychiatric Rating Scale

IntroductionPsychotic disorders are serious mental illnesses that compromise the quality of life of patients. It is important to know the characteristics of the affected population, seek to improve the adhesion and functionality.ObjectivesTo describe the sociodemographic characteristics of patients treated with Palmitato Paliperidona (PP). Analyze the efficacy variables, adherence to treatment.MethodsCross-sectional study of 15 patients in outpatient follow-up after 12 months of treatment with PP. Sociodemographic characteristics are collected, mean dose of PP, through a mirror study. Scales to measure the functionality, clinical status and attitude towards medication apply: Scale of personal and social functioning (PSP), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-SI) and attitudes toward Inventory Medication (DAI).ResultsThe sample consists of 15 patients (54% male). 81% are single; 77% live alone and 94% not working. The mean dose of PP is 147 mg/month. DAI shows a good attitude to the treatment (80%). The PSP shows that 22% of patients have serious difficulties in its development. The CGI-SI shows that 67% are moderately sick and the BPRS that 33% of patients have a serious disorder.ConclusionsThe demographic profile of patients after 12 months of treatment with PP coincides with male, unmarried, unemployed, living alone. Most have good adherence. The variables measured by the CGI-SI, BPRS and PSP, displayed moderately ill patients with severe difficulties or marked on their autonomy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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No associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone and depression among US adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510002588 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 1696-1702 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Guixiang Zhao ◽

Earl S. Ford ◽

Chaoyang Li ◽

Lina S. Balluz

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Major Depression ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Population Based ◽

Minor Depression ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Although there is evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in depression, studies done on the associations have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to examine the associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the presence of depression among US adults. A cross-sectional, population-based sample (including 3916 participants aged ≥ 20 years) from the 2005–6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants' depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 diagnostic algorithm. The associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with depression were explored using multivariate logistic regression models. For all the participants, the age-adjusted prevalence was 5·3 (95 % CI 4·3, 6·5) % for having moderate-to-severe depression, 2·3 (95 % CI 1·7, 3·1) % for having major depression and 3·8 (95 % CI 3·0, 4·6) % for having minor depression. Although the age-adjusted prevalence and the unadjusted OR of having moderate-to-severe depression or major depression decreased linearly with increasing quartiles of 25(OH)D (P < 0·05 for trends), no significant associations remained after adjusting for multiple potential confounders such as demographic variables, lifestyle factors and coexistence of a number of chronic conditions. Neither the age-adjusted prevalence nor the OR (unadjusted or adjusted) of having depression differed significantly by the quartiles of PTH. Thus, in contrast to some of the previous findings, the present results did not show significant associations between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH and the presence of moderate-to-severe depression, major depression or minor depression among US adults. However, these findings need to be further confirmed in future studies.

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Extrapyramidal side effects and functional remission in schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2134 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S195-S196

Author(s):

B. Ghajati ◽

C. Leila ◽

L. Raja ◽

C. Majda

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

The Social ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Social Autonomy

Treating patients with schizophrenia has evolved towards including, as an effective goal, their functional remission. Beyond the discrepancies in this concept definition, a plethora of studies has been conducted trying to identify predictors of functioning in schizophrenia. Among which antipsychotic prescription and related side effects.AimExplore extrapyramidal side effects link with functional prognosis of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study in the psychiatry department “C”, in Razi hospital (Tunis), between October 2014 and March 2015. Sixty patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder (DSM IV-R) were included. Functional status was explored with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and the Social Autonomy Scale (EAS). Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) were evaluated using the Simpson and Angus Rating Scale (SAS).ResultsFunctional remission was achieved according to GAF, SOFAS and EAS in respectively: 63,30%, 48,30% and 51,70% of the patients. SAS mean score was 0.898 ± 0.29 (0.4–2). Although SAS showed no significant association with GAF, SOFAS and EAS global scores, patient with less EPS had better autonomy in EAS’ dimension “Relationship with the outside” (P = 0.048).ConclusionEPS may influence functional remission at several levels starting from the neurobiological to the social stigmatization and the treatment adherence levels. Further research in this matter is required.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Anhedonic brain while attending sexual and emotional pictures

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S161-S161

Author(s):

F. Von Duering

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Sexual Arousal ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Sexual Attraction ◽

Affective State ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Depressive Symptom Severity ◽

Emotional Pictures ◽

Competing Interest

Anhedonia is defined as the inability to gain pleasure from normally pleasurable experiences and reduced sexual desire. Rees et al. (2007) showed that limbic and paralimbic areas are responsible for sexual arousal and that anhedonia is associated with frontolimbic inhibition. In major depression, reduced ventral striatum and increased ventral prefrontal cortex areas was associated with anhedonia(Gorwood, 2009). Walter et al. (2009) indicated that there is a deviation in the neuronal activation pattern of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in anhedonic depression which is related to a glutamergic deficit. Glutamate was suggested to play a relevant role in reward system (Birgner et al., 2005). ACC is a key involved in affective state and glutamate mediates ACC activation to sexual attraction(Wu et al., 2009). Thus, a glutamatergic deficit might be related to reduced hedonic effect specific to major depression. Using an attention modulation of emotional and sexual pictures, we investigate the role of anhedonia on the ventral and dorsal systems in healthy volunteers and patients with major depression. They undergo an expectancy task in a 7 T scanner and passively view sexual and emotional photographs and are asked to expect either high salient pictures or high erotic pictures. Half of these pictures are announced by an expectancy cue, whereas the other half are preceded by a fixation cross. Snaith-Hamilton-Pleasure-Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale are employed to assess anhedonia and depressive symptom severity. Brain metabolites in the dorsal and pgACC are measured using MRS. We will show how anhedonia modulates the neural response to sexual arousal.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Electroconvulsive therapy in elderly - a preliminary study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. s230-s230

Author(s):

C. Agostinho ◽

M. Duarte ◽

R. Alves ◽

I. Cunha ◽

A.M. Batista

Keyword(s):

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Normal Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionStudies with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly focus mainly on the assessment of possible side effects on the cognitive functioning; there are few studies that evaluate the effectiveness.ObjectiveEvaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in the population over 65 years.AimsPerform a preliminary study to evaluate the response to ECT of ≥ 65 years patients with depression.MethodsWe carry out a descriptive study based on patients treated in the last 10 years in the ECT Unit of Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa.ResultsOur initial sample consisted of 457 patients. We select patients aged ≥ 65 years with depression, and with complete data, including electroconvulsive parameters, and initial and final Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores (n = 59). Of this, 81.36% (n = 48) had unipolar depression, and 18.64% (n = 11) had bipolar depression. In the first group, the mean variation between the initial and final scores in HRSD was 13.88 points, and 27.10% (n = 13) of the patients ended the treatment in the normal range of HRSD score. In the second group, the mean variation was 12.82, and 63.60% (n = 7) ended the treatment in the normal range of HRSD. Considering the initial and final HRSD scores, it appears that unipolar depression group presents higher values (severe depression) (P < 0.05). When we compare the mean variation between the initial and final HRSD scores, we didn’t observe a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was a clinical improvement in both.ConclusionsThe acute treatment with ECT appears to improve depressive symptoms in bipolar and unipolar depression, when considering an elderly population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Increased ASL-CBF in the right amygdala predicts the first onset of depression in healthy young first-degree relatives of patients with major depression

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x19861909 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 54-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ningning Zhang ◽

Jiasheng Qin ◽

Jinchuan Yan ◽

Yan Zhu ◽

Yuhao Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Major Depression ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Before And After ◽

First Onset ◽

The Right

Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depression are at an elevated risk of developing depression, and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations are observed in patients with depression. Therefore, in a 33-month follow-up study, we used arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to investigate quantitative CBF before and after the diagnosis of depression in healthy young adults with and without first-degree relatives with major depression (FH + and FH−, respectively). In cross-sectional and longitudinal CBF comparisons, CBF in the right amygdala was increased or decreased. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the altered CBF in the right amygdala and the scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in the FH + group. Furthermore, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that increased CBF in the right amygdala at baseline predicted the subsequent onset of depression in the FH + group. Our results suggest that among healthy young adults with a familial risk of depression, those who exhibit increased CBF in the amygdala are susceptible to developing this disease.

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Predictors of functioning in major depression

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.255 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S325-S325

Author(s):

M. Serra-Blasco ◽

E. Aguilar ◽

M. Vicent ◽

G. Navarra ◽

M.J. Portella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Major Depression ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Cognitive Difficulties ◽

Mood Symptoms ◽

Life Functioning ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionLife functioning difficulties are a relevant but undervalued consequence of major depression. Mood symptoms and cognitive deficits have a significant, and somehow independent, impact on them. Therefore, cognitive difficulties should be considered a potential target to improve patients’ functioning.AimsTo examine the degree in which objective and subjective cognition explain functional outcome.ObjectivesTo assess objective cognitive function (CF) with a neuropsychological battery and to measure subjective CF using measures of cognitive perception.MethodsNinety-nine patients with depression were assessed by age, sex and level of schooling. Depressive symptoms severity was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Objective CF consisted in the following cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functioning and processing speed. Subjective CF was assessed with Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D). Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was used to evaluate life functioning, excluding the cognitive domain. All the listed measures were included in a multiple regression analysis with FAST scores as dependent variable.ResultsThe regression model was significant (F1,98 = 67.484, P < 0.001) with an R of 0.825. The variables showing statistical power included (from higher to lower β-coefficient) HDRS-17 (β = 0.545, t = 8.453, P < 0.001), PDQ-D (β = 0.383, t = 6.047, P < 0.001) and DSST (β = −0.123, t = −1.998, P = 0.049).ConclusionsThe severity of depressive symptoms is the variable that best explains life functioning. Surprisingly, the second factor hindering it is the patients’ perception of their cognition. Current findings highlight the importance of correcting cognitive bias in order to improve functionality. However, results have to be taken cautiously as mood symptoms could partly explain the bias.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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