scholarly journals Mycoparasitism as a mechanism of Trichoderma-mediated suppression of plant diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Prasun K. Mukherjee ◽  
Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza ◽  
Susanne Zeilinger ◽  
Benjamin A. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
1892 ◽  
Vol 33 (853supp) ◽  
pp. 13635-13636
Author(s):  
Joseph F. James
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
K Santhasheela ◽  
Deepan Chakravarthi AV

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Rasiska Tarin

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Petani  Pada Resistensi Beberapa Bahan Aktif Insektisida Kimia Untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Plutella Xylostella Skala Laboratorium The Effect of Level Farmers' Knowledge In Some  Active Chemical Insecticides Resistance to Control Plutella Xylostella Scale Laboratory Catur Hermanto, Rasiska Tarigan dan Fatiani Manik Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran – Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Jln Tangkuban Perahu No 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391; e-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK  Petani dan pestisida merupakan dua sisi  yang saling berkaitan dalam mengendalikan serangan hama penyakit tanaman dilapangan Penggunaan pestisida oleh petani semakin hari kian meningkat khususnya didataran tinggi, namun  peningkatan ini tidak diimbangi dengan pemahaman dalam menggunakan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan dan resistensi insektisida yang digunakan petani kubis di kabupaten Karo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kebun Percobaan Berastagi dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 mdpl yang dilaksanakan dari bulan september sampai november 2015. Pelaksanaan dibagi 2(dua) tahap. Tahap Pertama mengumpulkan makalah melalui teknik diskusi kelompok petani dan pengencer dan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Total jumlah responden 10 orang per 4 kecamatana. Dari hasil kuisioner dipilih jenis insektisida yang sering digunakan petani untuk diuji kepekaan ulat plutella xylostella terhadap insektisida yang diuji pada skala dilaboratoium.  Empat perlakuan dengan masing-masing terdiri atas 9 taraf konsentrasi menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  petani kubis dikabupaten karo melakukan pencampuran fungi dan insektisida > 2jenis dengan frekwensi penyemprotan 2 x 1 minggum serta dosis yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan KF yang dianjurkan. Nilai LC 50 insektisida kimia dari bahan aktif klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin dan kloropinofos berturut-turut 1,87 ml, 1,5 ml, 1,5 ml dan 2 ml. Dan waktu Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mematikan 50 % plutella xylostella (LT 50) dari keempat insektisida kimia berbahan aktif klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin dan Kloropinfos berturut-turut adalah  39.20, 19.43, 23.57 dan 30.15 jam Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Resistensi, Insektisida Kimia, Plutella xylostella , Laboratorium ABSTRACT. The Farmers and pesticides are important aspects that  interrelated tocontroll pests in the field of plant diseases as well as opportunities occur resistensi. The use of pesticides by farmers is constantly increasing, especially in the highlands, but this increase is not offset by an understanding in the use of pesticides. The aimed of the research to find the knowledge and the use of insecticide resistance cabbage farmers in Karo District.   The research was conducted at the laboratory of Berastagi experimental farm with altitude of 1,340 meters above sea level implemented from the month of September to November 2015. The implementation of divided by 2 (two) stages. The first is to collect  issues by discussion technique of farmers group and diluent and interview using a questionnaire. Total number of respondents  is ten peoples each four districts. From the questionnaire result so the selected types of insecticides often used by famers for the testing of  sensitivity plutella xylostella to insecticides test at laboratory scale with four treatment. each consisting of 9 degree of concentration using a completely randomized design and repeated 3 times. each consisting of 9 degree of concentration using a completely randomized design and repeated 3 times. The results showed cabbage farmers in the county karo mixing fungi and insecticides> 2 types with spraying frequency of 2 x 1 week as well as the doses used did not correspond to the recommended KF. LC 50 value of the chemical insecticide active ingredient klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin and kloropinofos successively 1.87 ml, 1.5 ml, 1.5 ml and 2 ml. Time and time required to shut down 50% of Plutella xylostella (LT 50) of the four chemical insecticide active ingredient klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin and Kloropinfos are respectively 39.20, 19:43, 23:57 and 30.15 hours


Author(s):  
Dimas Satria ◽  
Poningsih Poningsih ◽  
Widodo Saputra

The purpose of this paper is to create an expert system to detect oil palm plant diseases in order to help farmers / companies in providing accurate information about the diseases of oil palm plants and how to overcome them and to help reduce the risk of decreasing palm oil production. This system is designed to mimic the expertise of an expert who is able to detect diseases that attack oil palm plants. The method used is forward chaining that is starting from a set of data and proving a fact by describing the level of confidence and uncertainty found in a hypothesis. The results of this study are to diagnose diseases of oil palm plants and their computerization using web programming languages.


HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 494f-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Johnson ◽  
Greg D. Hoyt

An experiment was established to determine the effect of different tillage practices, vegetable crop rotations, and pest management strategies on crop yield, plant diseases, pest and beneficial arthropods, weed species changes over time, and soil environmental consequences. This poster describes nitrogen movement from the various treatments over a 3-year rotation. The treatments are: 1) conventional tillage with chemically based IPM; 2) conventional tillage with biologically based IPM; 3) conservation tillage with chemically based IPM; 4) conservation tillage with biologically based IPM; and 5) conventional tillage with no fertilizer or pest management. Mid-season soil analyses with depth showed chemical-fertilized plowed and conservation-tilled treatments with more soil available nitrogen at most depths compared to the biological-based IPM systems (soybean meal was used as a nitrogen source). However, the biological-based systems did supply enough soil nitrogen to produce similar yield results as the chemical-based systems. Less soil nitrate was measured in the 30- to 90-cm depths at harvest from the biological-based systems than chemical-based systems. Conservation-tilled systems had greater nitrate with depth compared to conventional-tilled systems.


1927 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-482
Author(s):  
G. N. Hoffer
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Izay A. ◽  
Onyejegbu L. N.

Agriculture is the backbone of human sustenance in this world. With growing population, there is need for increased productivity in agriculture to be able to meet the demands. Diseases can occur on any part of a plant, but in this paper only the symptoms in the fruits of a plant is considered using segmentation algorithm and edge/ sizing detectors. We also looked at image processing using fuzzy logic controller. The system was designed using object oriented analysis and design methodology. It was implemented using MySQL for the database, and PHP programming language. This system will be of great benefit to farmers and will encourage them in investing their resources since crop diseases can be detected and eliminated early.


2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al Basir ◽  
Y. N. Kyrychko ◽  
K. B. Blyuss ◽  
S. Ray

AbstractMany plant diseases are caused by plant viruses that are often transmitted to plants by vectors. For instance, the cassava mosaic disease, which is spread by whiteflies, has a significant negative effect on plant growth and development. Since only mature whiteflies can contribute to the spread of the cassava mosaic virus, and the maturation time is non-negligible compared to whitefly lifetime, it is important to consider the effects this maturation time can have on the dynamics. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for dynamics of cassava mosaic disease that includes immature and mature vectors and explicitly includes a time delay representing vector maturation time. A special feature of our plant epidemic model is that vector recruitment is negatively related to the delayed ratio between vector density and plant density. We identify conditions of biological feasibility and stability of different steady states in terms of system parameters and the time delay. Numerical stability analyses and simulations are performed to explore the role of various parameters, and to illustrate the behaviour of the model in different dynamical regimes. We show that the maturation delay may stabilise epidemiological dynamics that would otherwise be cyclic.


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