Assessing the genetic resources to improve drought tolerance in sugar beet: agronomic traits of diverse genotypes under droughted and irrigated conditions

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR24), applied to leaves at a concentration of 5 μM, on plant physio-biochemistry and its reflection on crop water productivity (CWP) and other agronomic traits of six maize hybrids was field-evaluated under semi-arid conditions. Two levels of irrigation water deficiency (IWD) (moderate and severe droughts; 6000 and 3000 m3 water ha−1, respectively) were applied versus a control (well-watering; 9000 m3 water ha−1). IWD reduced the relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, and rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents were significantly increased as a result of the increased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage compared to the control. These negative influences of IWD led to a reduction in CWP and grain yield-related traits. However, EBR24 detoxified the IWD stress effects and enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters. The evaluated hybrids varied in drought tolerance; Giza-168 was the best under moderate drought, while Fine-276 was the best under severe drought. Under IWD, certain physiological traits exhibited a highly positive association with yield and yield-contributing traits or CWP. Thus, exogenously using EBR24 for these hybrids could be an effective approach to improve plant and water productivity under reduced available water in semi-arid environments.

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Wheat genetic resources – how to exploit?

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3253-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S43-S48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Börner ◽

K. Neumann ◽

B. Kobiljski

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Molecular Mapping ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Trait Loci

It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Significant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date.

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Variation of Macro- and Microelements, and Trace Metals in Spring Wheat Genetic Resources in Siberia

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11020149 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Sergey Shepelev ◽

Alexey Morgounov ◽

Paulina Flis ◽

Hamit Koksel ◽

Huihui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Metals ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Enhancement ◽

Sr Protein ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

The Us

Western Siberia is one of the major spring wheat regions of Russia, cultivating over 7 Mha. The objective of the study was to evaluate the variation of macro- and microelements, and of trace metals in four distinct groups of genetic resources: primary synthetics from CIMMYT (37 entries), primary synthetics from Japan (8), US hard red spring wheat cultivars (14), and material from the Kazakhstan–Siberian Network on Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) (74). The experiment was conducted at Omsk State Agrarian University, using a random complete block design with four replicates in 2017 and 2018. Concentrations of 15 elements were included in the analysis: macroelements, Ca, K, Mg, P, and S; microelements, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn; toxic trace elements, Cd, Co, Ni; and trace elements, Mo, Rb, and Sr. Protein content was found to be positively correlated with the concentrations of 11 of the elements in one or both years. Multiple regression was used to adjust the concentration of each element, based on significant correlations with agronomic traits and macroelements. All 15 elements were evaluated for their suitability for genetic enhancement, considering phenotypic variation, their share of the genetic component in this variation, as well as the dependence of the element concentration on other traits. Three trace elements (Sr, Mo, and Co) were identified as traits that were relatively easy to enhance through breeding. These were followed by Ca, Cd, Rb, and K. The important biofortification elements Mn and Zn were among the traits that were difficult to enhance genetically. The CIMMYT and Japanese synthetics had significantly higher concentrations of K and Sr, compared to the local check. The Japanese synthetics also had the highest concentrations of Ca, S, Cd, and Mo. The US cultivars had concentrations of Ca as high as the Japanese synthetics, and the highest concentrations of Mg and Fe. KASIB’s germplasm had near-average values for most elements. Superior germplasm, with high macro- and microelement concentrations and low trace-element concentrations, was found in all groups of material included.

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miR2105 regulates ABA biosynthesis via OsbZIP86-OsNCED3 module to contribute to drought tolerance in rice

10.1101/2021.09.21.461241 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weiwei Gao ◽

Mingkang Li ◽

Songguang Yang ◽

Chunzhi Gao ◽

Yan Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Transgenic Rice ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Transgenic Rice Plants ◽

Aba Biosynthesis

AbstractInduced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis plays an important role in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, cold and salinity. However, regulation pathway of the ABA biosynthesis in response to stresses is unclear. Here, we identified a rice miRNA, osa-miR2105 (miR2105), which plays a crucial role in ABA biosynthesis under drought stress. Analysis of expression, transgenic rice and cleavage site showed that OsbZIP86 is a target gene of miR2105. Subcellular localization and luciferase activity assays showed that OsbZIP86 is a nuclear transcription factor. In vivo and in vitro analyses showed that OsbZIP86 directly binds to the promoter of OsNCED3, and interacts with OsSAPK10, resulting in enhanced-expression of OsNCED3. Transgenic rice plants with knock-down of miR2105 or overexpression of OsbZIP86 showed higher ABA content, more tolerance to drought, a lower rate of water loss, more stomatal closure than wild type rice ZH11 under drought stress. These rice plants showed no penalty with respect to agronomic traits under normal conditions. By contrast, transgenic rice plants with miR2105 overexpression, OsbZIP86 downregulation, or OsbZIP86 knockout displayed less tolerance to drought stress and other phenotypes. Collectively, our results show that a regulatory network of ‘miR2105-OsSAPK10/OsbZIP86-OsNCED3’ control ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress.One-sentence summary‘miR2105-OsbZIP86-OsNCED3’ module plays crucial role in mediating ABA biosynthesis to contribute to drought tolerance with no penalty with respect to agronomic traits under normal conditions.

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Safeguarding and using global banana diversity: a holistic approach

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s43170-020-00015-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ines Van den houwe ◽

Rachel Chase ◽

Julie Sardos ◽

Max Ruas ◽

Els Kempenaers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Research Activities ◽

Genebank Management

AbstractThe CGIAR genebank International Musa Germplasm Transit Centre (ITC) currently holds 1617 banana accessions from 38 countries as an in vitro collection, backed-up by a cryopreserved collection to safeguard global Musa diversity in perpetuity. The ITC also serves as a vital safety backup and transit centre for national banana genebanks and ensures that germplasm is clean of pests and diseases and freely available under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In more than 35 years of activity, the ITC has distributed over 18,000 banana accession samples to researchers and farmers in 113 countries. Ex situ conservation of vegetatively-propagated crops such as banana poses very particular challenges. Maintaining the ITC genebank is labor intense and costly. Efficiencies are sought through research and development of techniques on detecting viruses, the genetic integrity of accessions, and on innovative means of safeguarding banana diversity, such as conserving populations of wild species by seed banking. Although the conservation of global banana diversity is the main objective of the ITC, significant value comes from its holistic approach to better understand and promote its germplasm through numerous research activities and resources. Techniques for morphological and molecular characterization serve to identify and describe the collection, while also determining what gaps should be filled by collecting missions with national partners. The evaluation of desirable agronomic traits inherent in Musa spp. are investigated by a high-throughput phenotyping platform, which helps breeding programs to select cultivars resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genomic and bioinformatic studies of several banana wild relatives greatly enhance our understanding of Musa genetic diversity, links to important phenotypic traits and bring new methods for management of the collection. Collectively, these research activities produce enormous amounts of data that require curation and dissemination to the public. The two information systems at the ITC, Musa Genebank Management System and the Musa Germplasm Information System, serve to manage the genebank activities and to make public germplasm-related data for over 30 banana collections worldwide, respectively. By implementing the 10-year workplan set out in the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Musa Genetic Resources, the network MusaNet supports Musa researchers and stakeholders, including the ITC, and most importantly, links to the world’s banana-producing countries via three regional banana networks.

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Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha46110950 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

José F.T. GANANÇA ◽

José G.R. FREITAS ◽

Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽

Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽

Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Yield Stability ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Local Cultivars ◽

Drought Avoidance ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

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Assessment of sorghum genetic resources of Ethiopia for anthracnose ( Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn.) resistance and agronomic traits

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/jph.12861 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 167 (11-12) ◽

pp. 667-678

Author(s):

Girma Mengistu ◽

Hussein Shimelis ◽

Mark Laing ◽

Dagnachew Lule

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Colletotrichum Sublineolum

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Genetic Diversity of Genetic Resources of Winter Barley Maintained in the Genebank in Slovakia

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3709-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 118-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Žáková ◽

M. Benková

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Multivariate Methods ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Grain Number ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Selected Traits ◽

Full Maturity

A set of 140 winter barley genetic resources of foreign and domestic origins was tested on experimental basis of RIPP in 1997–1999 to characterise the variability of the accessions based on agronomic data using multivariate methods. In the set tested, variability was studied of selected traits and characteristics such as: plant height (PH), weight of 1000 grains (W), grain number per a spike (SNG), grain uniformity – ratio of front seeds over 2.5  m sieve (GU), vegetation period – sowing/full maturity (VM) and seed yield (Y). Agronomic characters show great variability between cultivars. The study of matrix interrelationships between different variables showed that the yield is greatly correlated with traits:  vegetation period – sowing/full maturity, grain uniformity and grain number per a spike. High positive correlation was obtained between the grain uniformity and the weight of 1000 grains. Negative correlation was found between the grain number per a spike and weight of 1000 grains in six-row barley. Correlations between agronomic traits differed between two- and six-row barley sets. The study revealed the existence of genetic differences among accessions as well as differences between two- and six-row winter barley and between the genotypes of domestic and foreign country origin, respectively. Results of this study provided information about diversity which should be of particular interest for the further collecting of genetic resources.  

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Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-009-0017-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Algė Leistrumaitė ◽

Vanda Paplauskienė ◽

Audronė Mašauskienė

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Malting Barley ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Barley Breeding ◽

Extract Yield ◽

Growing Conditions

Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania During the period 2004-2006, grain yield stability and malt quality characteristics of 47 spring barley varieties and 55 promising breeding lines from the collection of spring barley genetic resources were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). The growing conditions in 2004 were fairly normal compared with the long-term mean, and the years 2005 and 2006 were rather dry. The varieties and breeding lines tested showed from medium to high variation of grain > 2.5 mm yield (CV 11.5-34.3%) and medium variation of grain yield (CV 4.39-13.33%). However, high temperatures and drought in June of 2006 caused a low grain > 2.5 mm yield (by on average 55.0-67.8%). Promising breeding lines were characterised as having higher grain yield and extract output per ha compared with barley varieties. However, the data showed that grain grading 2.5 mm should be improved for the breeding lines. Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting barley quality traits in relation to weather conditions during the crop year, genotype properties for varieties and breeding lines, as well as the interactions of variety and weather conditions. The selection of lines promising in terms of grain yield, > 2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was based on their ability to realise the genetic potential in various growing conditions. The highest score in integral assessment of grain yield, grain > 2.5 mm yield and extract yield was identified for the varieties Tocada', Sebastian', Scarlett' and breeding lines: 7939-1, 7661-1, and 8080-4. The varieties and breeding lines that exhibited high grain stability, high grain quality and other agronomic traits were utilised in further breeding programmes.

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Interspecific Hybridization in Sunflowers: an Illustration of the Importance of Wild Genetic Resources in Plant Breeding

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072708601500301 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 104-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Joseph E. Laferrière

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Future Potential

This article reviews past successes and future potential of the use of interspecific hybrids in the breeding of cultivated Helianthus annuus, with emphasis on the necessity for conservation of non-cultivated germplasm. The topics discussed include resistance to diseases and other pests; the development of male-sterile lines for hybrid seed production; introduction of genes for various agronomic traits, such as drought resistance and cold tolerance; and attempts to change the chemical composition of the harvested crop.

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