On-farm assessment of a new early-maturing drought-tolerant rice cultivar for dry direct seeding in rainfed lowlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoshie Ohno ◽  
Niño P.M.C. Banayo ◽  
Crisanta Bueno ◽  
Jun-ichi Kashiwagi ◽  
Taiken Nakashima ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p99
Author(s):  
Teklemariam Abadi ◽  
Desale Gebretsadik ◽  
Abadi Girmay ◽  
Tesfahun Mekuanint ◽  
Daniel Desta

Soybean is a drought tolerant crop which can grow from low to medium altitudes. In the lowland areas of North-Western Tigray the growing of leguminous crop is very low. To introduce soybean commodity in North-western Tigray, demonstration of improved soybean varieties were conducted in 2018/19. The trail was conducted at Tahtay Adyabo and Tselemti Districts that have a potential for growing the soybean. It was conducted by selecting three Kebelles from the districts. A total of 35 farmers were involved in the intervention. The necessary training was given to the participant farmers and experts. Following this improved seed of Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties at Tahtay Adyabo Districts, and Wegayen and Gizo seed at Tselemti District were offered to participant farmers. Each farmer have been planted a plot size of 0.02 ha for each of the two varieties. The descriptive result shows, Awassa-95 soybean variety has given significantly higher yield at Tahtay Adyabo as compared to Gizo variety. The variety was gave an average yield of 1067 kg/ha and 570 kg/ha respectively Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties. On the other hand an average yield of 1231 kg/ha and 1052 kg/ha, respectively was obtained for Gizo and Wegayen varieties at Tselemti District. This shows that Tselemti District is more better for the cropping of Gizo variety. Moreover, the improved soybean verities (Gizo at Tselemti district and Awassa-95 at Tahtay Adyabo district) were found to be early maturing and best option to moisture stressed areas for the society protein source. Based on the result it is recommended to be popularize Awassa-95 soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo District and Gizao soybean varieties at Tselemti District to large farmers. Therefore, the research center and the office of agriculture and rural development of the Districts to be popularized the varieties to large number farmers of the areas.


Author(s):  
Laura A Paul

Abstract This paper assesses the relative advantage of drought-tolerant (DT) maize, conditional on drought severity, using an unbalanced panel of 4 years of on-farm yield trials and high-resolution precipitation data (10-day measurements at a 0.05° resolution) in Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Under rain-fed conditions, DT maize yield exceeds that of other varieties: 7 per cent higher yields on average and 15 per cent higher yields under moderate drought stress. While this contrasts with higher estimates measured in controlled trials, it nonetheless represents an economically significant advantage. This study further measures heterogeneity in the relative advantage conditional using conditional quantile analysis.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Rodante E. Tabien ◽  
Chersty L. Harper ◽  
Patrick M. Frank
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Prakash Awasthi ◽  
Tilak Chandra ◽  
Sagarika Mishra ◽  
Shaifaly Parmar ◽  
Birendra Prasad Shaw ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
MinYoung Kim ◽  
Manuel A. Andrade ◽  
Paul D. Colaizzi ◽  
Steven R. Evett

Abstract.Corn ( L.) for grain continues to be an important crop for livestock feed in the Texas High Plains (THP) region despite lackluster prices. It offers greater crop water productivity compared with other crops grown in the region but also has a relatively high water requirement, which must be met by irrigation. The sole water resource in the region is the Ogallala Aquifer, which is declining because withdrawals exceed recharge, and this is of major concern. Producers are interested in the performance of drought-tolerant (DT) corn, but data on DT crop production functions are limited. From 2015 to 2017, studies of DT corn response to different irrigation treatments were conducted in the THP at Bushland, Texas. Results showed that grain yields, seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc), and crop water use efficiency (WUE) varied significantly between seasons and among different DT hybrids. Comparisons between a mid-season (MS) and an early-maturing (EM) hybrid showed: (1) at the severe deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields were low, but the EM hybrid produced 400% more grain; (2) at the moderate deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields and ETc were similar; and (3) at the full irrigation treatment level, the EM hybrid required 75 mm less water, but it produced 24% less grain. Non-hail damaged MS DT corn produced grain yields that were numerically greater than conventional corn grown in the THP in an optimal year. However, during drought seasons, DT hybrid response was not improved over conventional hybrids under severe deficit irrigation. This study demonstrated that MS DT corn hybrid P1151AM, irrigated at a level that fully met evapotranspiration demand, resulted in grain yield and WUE levels that were near the upper limits for corn produced in the THP. Further research is needed to determine the constancy of response among different DT hybrids under favorable and drought conditions. Keywords: Center pivot, Deficit irrigation, Early-maturing corn, Hail damage, Mid-season corn, Variable-rate irrigation, Water use efficiency.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asadi Asadi

<p>To support the government policy in<br />improving soybean production, it is suggested to plant early<br />maturing (&lt;80 days), drought tolerant and high yielding<br />varieties to be applied in the cropping system of rice-ricesoybean<br />and rice-rice-rice-soybean in lowland, and in<br />dryland cropping system of rice-soybean or rice-other<br />palawija crops. Mutation breeding in soybean for early<br />maturity and high productivity in soybean can be applied to<br />obtain some new varieties. The breeding procedures<br />included selection using bulk method for M1 population,<br />followed by the pedigree method for M2-M5 generations.<br />Evaluation of uniformity (homozygous) of lines is done on<br />the M4 generation. Yield and adaption testing are conducted<br />during M5-M8 generations. Through mutation breeding early<br />maturity soybean varieties were released elsewhere. In<br />national research institutes such as The National Nuclear<br />Energy Agency (Batan) Indonesia, soybean mutation breeding<br />activities were begun since 1972, while in Indonesian<br />Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic<br />Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), it<br />was started in 2009. Batan has released two early maturing<br />soybean varieties through seed irradiation such as Tengger<br />in 1991 and Meratus in 1998. While in 2011 ICABIOGRAD<br />through irradiation of calli-derived embryo zygotic has<br />selected 50 early maturing and potentially yielding soybean<br />mutant lines. While through seed irradiation in 2012, 15<br />soybean advanced lines that matured earlier and<br />demontrated higher yield were also obtained.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
F. G. Oyeniyi ◽  
E. O. Ewuola

Despite their crucial importance, limited information exists about how livestock are affected by climate change in Nigeria. Changing climatic patterns are manifested through occurrences like abrupt temperature increase, dwindling rainfall pattern, rise in spells of drought and flood. These conditions exert different effects across the geographical landscape of the country, which can broadly be classed as Semiarid, Sahel and Derived Savannah, respectively as well as Forest and Montane. Livestock provide humans with the full complement of amino acids, which are the only known natural suppliers of Vitamin B12 and equally supply iron, calcium, iodine and zinc. In addition, livestock accounts for 40% of Agricultural Gross Domestic Product and significantly contributes to enhancing rural livelihood. Stress conditions are induced in livestock by harsh weather conditions that reduce the feed available to them as well as impede growth rate and reproduction efficiency and disease incidence which may eventually result in death. In the light of the livestock benefits to humanity, it is necessary to devise means of making their climate resilient. Some of the proven strategies include animal genetic improvement for stress tolerance, growing disease resistant, early maturing and drought tolerant crops, selecting for and rearing climate tolerant animal species and breeds.     Malgré leur importance cruciale, il existe peu d'informations sur la manière dont le bétail est affecté par le changement climatique au Nigéria. Le changement des modèles climatiques se manifeste par des événements tels que l'augmentation brutale de la température, la diminution des précipitations, l'augmentation des périodes de sécheresse et d'inondation. Ces conditions exercent des effets différents sur le paysage géographique du pays, qui peuvent être globalement classés comme semi-aride, sahélien et savane dérivée, respectivement, ainsi que forêt et montagne. Le bétail fournit aux humains le complément complet d'acides aminés, qui sont les seuls fournisseurs naturels connus de vitamine B12 et fournissent également du fer, du calcium, de l'iode et du zinc. En outre, l'élevage représente 40% du produit intérieur brut agricole et contribue de manière significative à l'amélioration des moyens d'existence ruraux. Les conditions de stress sont induites chez le bétail par des conditions météorologiques difficiles qui réduisent les aliments disponibles pour eux et entravent le taux de croissance, l'efficacité de la reproduction et l'incidence des maladies qui peuvent éventuellement entraîner la mort. À la lumière des avantages de l'élevage pour l'humanité, il est nécessaire de concevoir des moyens de rendre leur résilient climatique. Certaines des stratégies éprouvées comprennent l'amélioration génétique animale pour la tolérance au stress, la culture de cultures résistantes aux maladies, à maturation précoce et à la sécheresse, la sélection et l'élevage d'espèces et de races animales tolérantes au climat.


2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon-Chul Shin ◽  
Woo-Jae Kim ◽  
Hyun-Su Park ◽  
Bo-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Ui-Gum Kang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Panibe ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Yi-Chen Lee ◽  
Chang-Sheng Wang ◽  
Wen-Hsiung Li

Background: Taichung Native 1 (TN1) is the first semidwarf rice cultivar that initiated the Green Revolution. As TN1 is a direct descendant of the Dee-geo-woo-gen cultivar, the source of the sd1 semidwarf gene, the sd1 gene can be defined through TN1. Also, TN1 is susceptible to the blast disease and is described as being drought-tolerant. However, genes related to these characteristics of TN1 are unknown. Our aim was to identify and characterize TN1 genes related to these traits. Results: Aligning the sd1 of TN1 to Nipponbare sd1, we found a 382-bp deletion including a frameshift mutation. Sanger sequencing validated this deleted region in sd1, and we proposed a model of the sd1 gene that corrects errors in the literature. We also predicted the blast disease resistant (R) genes of TN1. Orthologues of the R genes in Tetep, a well-known resistant cultivar that is commonly used as a donor for breeding new blast resistant cultivars, were then sought in TN1, and if they were present, we looked for mutations. The absence of Pi54, a well-known R gene, in TN1 partially explains why TN1 is more susceptible to blast than Tetep. We also scanned the TN1 genome using the PosiGene software and identified 11 genes deemed to have undergone positive selection. Some of them are associated with drought-resistance and stress response. Conclusions: We have redefined the deletion of the sd1 gene in TN1, a direct descendant of the Dee-geo-woo-gen cultivar, and have corrected some literature errors. Moreover, we have identified blast resistant genes and positively selected genes, including genes that characterize TN1's blast susceptibility and abiotic stress response. These new findings increase the potential of using TN1 to breed new rice cultivars.


1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfaw Negassa ◽  
Benti Tolessa ◽  
Steven Franzel ◽  
Gemechu Gedeno ◽  
Legesse Dadi

SUMMARYA farm survey conducted in Ethiopia in 1986 identified seasonal food shortage as an important problem facing farmers. The researchers proposed the development of an early maturing maize variety to alleviate the problem and by 1988, on-farm trials of a selected variety were initiated. About two-thirds of the farmers retained part of the harvested crop as seed for planting, indicating their strong interest in the variety. Farmer-designed trials were found to be especially effective for obtaining farmers' assessment of the new variety and for monitoring how they incorporated it into the farming system.Maíl con maduración temprana para Etiopía


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