scholarly journals CHANGES IN SEMEN ANALYSIS IN UNTREATED NON-AZOOSPERMIC PATIENTS OVER TIME: A TEMPORAL TREND ASSESSMENT OF 23 YEARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. e24-e25
Author(s):  
Nahid Punjani ◽  
Omar Al Hussein Alawamlh ◽  
Soo Jeong Kim ◽  
Carolyn A. Salter ◽  
Gal Wald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Trend Assessment ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Trends in cause-specific readmissions in heart failure with preserved versus reduced and mid-range ejection fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
X.T Cui ◽  
E Thunstrom ◽  
U Dahlstrom ◽  
J.M Zhou ◽  
J.B Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
P Values ◽  
National Board ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background It remains unclear whether the readmission of heart failure (HF) patients has decreased over time and how it differs among HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF) (HFpEF) versus reduced EF (HFrEF) and mid-range EF (HFmrEF). Methods We evaluated HF patients index hospitalized from January 2004 to December 2011 in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry with 1-year follow-up. Outcome measures were the first occurring all-cause, cardiovascular (CV) and HF readmissions. Results Totally 20,877 HF patients (11,064 HFrEF, 4,215 HFmrEF, 5,562 HFpEF) were included in the study. All-cause readmission was highest in patients with HFpEF, whereas CV and HF readmissions were highest in HFrEF. From 2004 to 2011, HF readmission rates within 6 months (from 22.3% to 17.3%, P=0.003) and 1 year (from 27.7% to 23.4%, P=0.019) in HFpEF declined, and the risk for 1-year HF readmission in HFpEF was reduced by 7% after adjusting for age and sex (P=0.022). Likewise, risk factors for HF readmission in HFpEF changed. However, no significant changes in cause-specific readmissions were observed in HFrEF. Time to the first readmission did not change significantly from 2004 to 2011, regardless of EF subgroup (all P-values>0.05). Conclusions Although the burden of all-cause readmission remained highest in HFpEF versus HFrEF and HFmrEF, a declining temporal trend in 6-month and 1-year HF readmission rates was found in patients with HFpEF, suggesting that non-HF-related readmission represents a big challenge for clinical practice. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The SwedeHF was funded by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions.

144 Dynamic of Sperm Subpopulations in Red Deer Capacitated Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
M. Ramón ◽  
M. Iniesta-Cuerda ◽  
A. Martín-Maestro ◽  
P. Peris-Frau ◽  
I. Sánchez-Ajofrín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Flagellar Beat ◽  
Time Table ◽  
Over Time

An ejaculate is a mixture of sperm subpopulations (SP) with varying motility characteristics. Moreover, males with high percentages of fast and linear-moving sperm have high rates of fertility (Ramón et al. 2003 Biol. Reprod. 89, 110). The objective was to assess dynamics, over time, of SP of capacitated red deer sperm. Thawed sperm were selected with 45/90% Percoll, diluted at 10 × 106 sperm mL−1 in SOF plus 10% oestrous sheep serum and incubated for 2 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2. Sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis at 1, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min and 24 h. Sperm were classified as described previously (Martínez-Pastor et al. 2005 Biol. Reprod. 72, 316-327) and the evolution of SP during capacitation was characterised with piece-wise regression that identified change points. Five sperm SP were identified based on velocity according to an actual path (VCL), velocity according to a straight path (VSL), velocity according to the average, smoothed path (VAP), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB), amplitude of lateral displacement of sperm head (ALH), and frequency of the flagellar beat (BCF). Sperm in SP1 were fast, linear sperm with high ALH; they corresponded to capacitated sperm. In contrast, SP5 were slow, non-linear sperm, with low ALH (Table 1). The dynamics of each SP differed over time was different along the time. Percentages of SP1, SP4, and SP3 were significantly decreased at 60, 90, and 100 min, whereas percentages of SP2 and SP5 did not change over time. This study was consistent with previous reports that kinematic sperm characteristics change over time. Table 1.Sperm subpopulations (SP) based on kinematic end points.

Population dynamics and environemental changes during natural irruptions of Australian desert rodents.

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Predavec
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Seed Availability ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Desert Rodents ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Population Numbers

Populations of Pseudomys hermannsburgensis and Notomys alexis were studied during a 33-month period (January 1991 to September 1993) in a sand-dune habitat in south-western Queensland. Population numbers of both species fluctuated dramatically over time with an approximately 40-fold difference between periods of lowest and highest abundance. Increased numbers were due primarily to an influx of juveniles to the population. A high turnover of individuals in both populations resulted in low rates of recapture. Numbers of both species were correlated positively with an index of rainfall with a time-lag of four months. P. hermannsburgensis showed spatial and temporal correlations with seed availability, whereas N. alexis displayed a strong, but non-significant, temporal trend with seed availability. These data suggest strongly that natural irruptions of Australian desert rodents are triggered by rainfall and possibly rain-induced food availability.

scholarly journals How long do anti-predator interventions remain effective? Patterns, thresholds and uncertainty

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 190826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Khorozyan ◽  
Matthias Waltert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Over Time

Human–predator conflicts are globally widespread, and effective interventions are essential to protect human assets from predator attacks. As effectiveness also has a temporal dimension, it is of importance to know how long interventions remain most effective and to determine time thresholds at which effectiveness begins to decrease. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of the temporal changes in the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions against terrestrial mammalian predators, defining a temporal trend line of effectiveness for each published case. We found only 26 cases from 14 publications, mainly referring to electric fences ( n = 7 cases) and deterrents ( n = 7 cases). We found electric fences and calving control to remain highly effective for the longest time, reducing damage by 100% for periods between three months and 3 years. The effectiveness of acoustical and light deterrents as well as guarding animals eroded quite fast after one to five months. Supplemental feeding was found to be counter-productive by increasing damage over time instead of reducing it. We stress that it is vital to make monitoring a routine requirement for all intervention applications and suggest to standardize periods of time over which monitoring can produce meaningful and affordable information.

scholarly journals QOLP-10. MONITORING TRENDS IN PATIENT DISTRESS IN GLIOBLASTOMA USING THE PHQ4 QUESTIONNAIRE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii176-ii177
Author(s):  
Anh Huan Vo ◽  
Connor Hambelton ◽  
Lauren Popp ◽  
Verda Dew ◽  
Maria Turchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Logistic Mixed Effects Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the trend of distress over time and whether palliative care (PC) referral and visit affected distress level in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. BACKGROUND GBM patients experience significant distress due to their prognosis and neurologic involvement. All subjects in the neuro-oncology clinic at our institution routinely receive the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ4) which is a validated screening tool that comprises a section for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD2) and a depression screen (PHQ2). DESIGN This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board. GBM patients who started radiation therapy on 1/1/2019 or later were included. Patients with a GAD2 or PHQ2 of 3 or above were categorized as present for anxiety or depression. A logistic mixed-effects model was used to test the trend of anxiety or depression over time and the impact of PC referral and visit. RESULT 131 PHQ4 questionnaires from 39 newly diagnosed GBM patients (mean age: 59.9yrs ± 15.0; 23M/16F) at the pre-radiation, post radiation and at least every 2 months thereafter were reviewed. Before radiation, 54.8% of patients reported anxiety, higher than at 1-month post radiation (23.5%), 2-3 months (41.4%), 4-6 months (20.0%), and after 6 months (25.0%). This temporal trend is significant (P = 0.0385) after adjusting for patient characteristics such as age, gender and performance status. The proportions of anxiety were not different among visits without PC referral (23.7%), with PC referral and no PC visit (42.4%), and with PC visit (32.4%, P = 0.64). We did not identify a similar temporal trend in depression. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that anxiety is more prevalent than depression in this cohort. This study identifies subjects to be at a greatest likelihood of experiencing anxiety at the pre-radiation time point. Focused interventions at this time point may help improve the patient’s overall quality of life.

The case for early post-vasectomy semen analysis combining small non-motile sperm and azoospermia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Jane Hendry ◽  
Robert Small ◽  
Abdullah Zreik ◽  
Niamh Smyth ◽  
Joby Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: Post-vasectomy semen analysis timing and criteria guidelines have evolved over time. Through analysis of our unit’s practice of post-vasectomy semen analysis from earlier sampling protocols at 8 weeks to single sampling at 12 weeks then 16 weeks, the impact on success rates and patient compliance were assessed. In addition, the use of small numbers of non-motile sperm and azoospermia combined rates as a marker of sterility were examined. Methods: All patients who underwent vasectomy in 2011 (8 and 12-week samples), 2013 (12-week samples) and 2016 (16-week samples) were included. Patients were given written and verbal instructions explaining the sample delivery protocol and samples. χ2 Testing was used to compare patient compliance and the results of post-vasectomy semen analysis with significance set at P<0.05. Results: In total 1124 vasectomies were performed, with 21% ( N=232) of patients non-compliant with submitting samples at the requested time period. Azoospermia rates increased with a longer time to post-vasectomy semen analysis from 82% to 95%, P<0.001; however, declining compliance meant the proportion of patients given clearance remained the same (70% vs. 68%, P=0.32). Rates of small non-motile sperm declined over an increasing time to post-vasectomy semen analysis. Therefore combined azoospermia and small non-motile sperm rates remained stable over an increasing sampling time (95% vs. 99%, P=0.39). Conclusion: The use of earlier post-vasectomy semen analysis is recommended as patient compliance decreases with the time from vasectomy. When azoospermia and small non-motile sperm rates are combined the rates of success of the procedure remain the same over time therefore earlier testing at 8 weeks is feasible without compromising clearance rates. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this single centre audit.

Trends In the Hospital Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease-Related Priapism In the United States: 1998 to 2007,

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4195-4195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onaopemipo B. Ajiboye ◽  
Sophie Lanzkron ◽  
Mary Catherine Beach ◽  
Shawn M Bediako ◽  
Arthur L. Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abstract 4195 OBJECTIVE: Priapism is a serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Urologic guidelines recommend that the management of priapism should entail intracavernous treatment in addition to treatment for the underlying condition. One meta-analysis suggests that transfusion is an ineffective and potentially harmful therapy for priapism in SCD. Nevertheless, little is known about how priapism is actually managed for these patients. We examined in-hospital treatment trends of priapism among male SCD patients in the United States (US) over a 10-year period with a focus on the use of blood transfusion. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1998 – 2007). Priapism patients were identified based on ICD-9 code 607.3. The analysis was restricted to male patients with an ICD-9 code for SCD. We assessed the total number of priapism discharges over time and by year. We also assessed the overall and annual prevalence of blood transfusions, exchange blood transfusions (EBTs), and penile surgeries for all discharges under study. We postulated that transfusions given in patients not undergoing surgery were likely given as primary treatment in the management of priapism. RESULTS: An estimated 502,577 qualifying male SCD hospitalizations were identified. Among these, 9,861 (2%) were priapism-related. The mean age of the male SCD hospitalizations was 24.9, with only a 1 year difference found between non-priapism and priapism discharges. The proportion of priapism related hospitalizations remained stable over time, ranging from 1.7% to 2.4% (p = 0.359). Overall, priapism related discharges were more likely than non-priapism related discharges to be treated with blood transfusions (36.3% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.0001), EBTs (7.6% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.0001), and penile surgeries (14.3% vs. < 0.1%, p < 0.0001). There was no association between the prevalence of penile surgery and blood transfusions among priapism discharges over the entire time period, and there was no evidence that the association between penile surgeries and blood transfusions for priapism patients changed over time. Approximately 14% of priapism discharges with no blood transfusion underwent penile surgery compared to 15.2% of priapism discharges with a blood transfusion (p = 0.411). Linear trend analyses revealed a 9% increase each year in the use of blood transfusions as a treatment for all male SCD hospitalizations, regardless of priapism status (OR = 1.09, p < 0.001). Adjusting for the temporal trend, priapism related discharges were nearly twice as likely as non-priapism related discharges to be treated with blood transfusions of any type (OR = 1.99, p < 0.001). There was, however, a significant association between the prevalence of penile surgery and exchange blood transfusions among priapism patients as 27.1% of priapism discharges with an exchange transfusion underwent penile surgery compared to 13.2% of discharges without an exchange transfusion (p < 0.0001). There was no evidence of a significant linear trend in the use of EBT in the treatment of any male SCD hospitalization over time (OR = 1.01, p = 0.691). Overall, priapism related discharges were 8-times more likely than non-priapism related discharges to be treated with EBT (OR = 8.1, p < 0.001). There was no significant linear temporal trend in the use of penile surgeries in the treatment of priapism related discharges (OR = 1.04, p = 0.209). Priapism discharges in which a penile surgery occurred were more than twice as likely to receive an exchange blood transfusion than those priapism discharges without a penile surgery (OR = 2.42, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of EBT and penile surgeries in the treatment of priapism related SCD discharges appears to be relatively stable over time, while there has been an increase in the use of blood transfusions of any kind for all male SCD hospitalizations, including those with priapism. The lack of an association between the prevalence of blood transfusions of any type and the use of penile surgery among priapism patients suggests that blood transfusions continue to be used as a primary treatment modality for priapism, even though data to support the effectiveness of transfusion is lacking. Patient and hospital-level factors that may impact the use of different treatment options for priapism need to be assessed, and the outcomes of the variations in the treatment of priapism related SCD hospitalizations should be examined. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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