The County/Metro research into fire-fighting suppressive capacity and the impact on building fire damage at >5000 UK building fires, 2009–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Grimwood ◽  
Iain A. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Building Fires ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Suppressive Capacity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Existing Improvements in Simulation of Fire–Wind Interaction and Its Effects on Structures

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghodrat ◽  
Farshad Shakeriaski ◽  
David James Nelson ◽  
Albert Simeoni
Keyword(s):  
Slope Angle ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Disturbance Interactions ◽  
Fire Modelling ◽  
Fanning Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Phenomena

This work provides a detailed overview of existing investigations into the fire–wind interaction phenomena. Specifically, it considers: the fanning effect of wind, wind direction and slope angle, and the impact of wind on fire modelling, and the relevant analysis (numerical and experimental) techniques are evaluated. Recently, the impact of fire on buildings has been widely analysed. Most studies paid attention to fire damage evaluation of structures as well as structure fire safety engineering, while the disturbance interactions that influence structures have been neglected in prior studies and must be analysed in greater detail. In this review article, evidence regarding the fire–wind interaction is discussed. The effect of a fire transitioning from a wildfire to a wildland–urban interface (WUI) is also investigated, with a focus on the impact of the resulting fire–wind phenomenon on high- and low-rise buildings.

scholarly journals La gestione degli incendi boschivi in Canton Ticino: tentativo di una sintesi storica | Forest fire management in Canton Ticino: attempting a historical overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Gabriele Corti ◽  
Paolo Piccini ◽  
Daniele Ryser ◽  
Francesco Guerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legislative Measures

The Southern Alps, in particular the Canton Ticino, is the region of Switzerland that is most affected by the phenomenon of forest fires. Therefore, the cantonal authorities are continually confronted with problems of prevention, fire fighting and mitigation of the effects of forest fires. In this article forest fire management in Canton Ticino is analyzed in historical terms, verifying in particular the impact of the methods used and the improvement of technology addressing the frequency of events and the extent of burned surfaces. In this way it has been possible to show how a few structural measures (better organization of fire fighting crews and equipment, introduction of aerial fire fighting techniques, electrification followed by construction of shelters along railway lines, etc.) have rather reduced the extent of burned surfaces, while legislative measures such as restrictions of open fires help to reduce the number of forest fires.

Structural and functional analysis of reconnaissance and fire system and decomposition of its functions and subsystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
O. Maistrenko ◽  
O. Karavanov ◽  
A. Shcherba
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

It is established that the role of reconnaissance and fire systems in the implementation of enemy fire damage in military conflicts occurring at the beginning of the XXI century. Increased  to 75%. However, it was found that the effectiveness of these systems depends on the quality of their equipment. The main factors that are often not taken into account in the acquisition are the possibility, interoperability, stability of each element, the impact of elements on the stability of each other and the functioning of the RVS as a whole. The analysis of recent research and publications has shown that as of today, the approaches to determining the composition of reconnaissance fire systems taking into account these factors are not justified. Given the above, it was decided to conduct a structural and functional analysis of the reconnaissance fire system and the decomposition of its functions and subsystems. To this end, based on the method of cluster analysis, an algorithm for combining a set of tasks performed by reconnaissance and fire systems into groups has been developed and substantiated. The method of expert evaluation was used to obtain substantiated data on the implementation of such a merger. According to the proposed algorithm, the main tasks were first identified, which involve reconnaissance and fire systems. Subsequently, an expert group was formed and the coefficient of relative competence of each member of the expert group was determined. The experts were then asked to combine the identified tasks according to their characteristics into an arbitrary number of groups. After processing the opinions of experts, 10 characteristic groups were identified. Finally, the experts were asked to combine the obtained groups in such a way that each association consisted of similar objects and the objects of different associations differed significantly. The results of the work revealed the functional interconnectedness of the tasks, processes and subsystems of the reconnaissance and fire system. It is also established that a typical reconnaissance fire system will consist of three subsystems (control, reconnaissance and fire influence), which perform specific functions for each of them.

CFD Application for Performance Based Safety Verification of Reinforced Concrete Beam in Computer Simulation Building Fire

2012 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Shih Cheng Wang ◽  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Te Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Building Fire

More than 90% of the buildings in Taiwan use reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Before or after fire damage, whether the RC structure accord Performance Based Design (PBD) fire code or safe evaluation are important in building fire protection verification. However, obtaining fire thermal parameters detailed quantitative data from building fire tests or actual building fires are difficult. Therefore, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) integration to simulate fire scenarios has been widely utilized in fire protection engineering. This study utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) fire model and PHOENICS field model software to simulate fire development and beams inner temperature variation. The structural strength estimated using beam cross-sections temperature to investigate dynamic ultimate bending moment (Mu) of RC beams. This integration method can investigate the influence of different beam positions, fire intensity, fire duration and fire damage sustained (two or three faces heated) for RC beams fire protection safe verification.

scholarly journals Case Studies of High-Rise Building Fires in Dhaka City with Reference to Building Fire Code of Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin’ichi Sugahara ◽  
Hideki Yoshioka ◽  
Sanjib Barua
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Building Fires ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building

scholarly journals Effects of Fire Regulation Revisions on Building Fire Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Kyoichi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Fire Damage ◽  
Building Fire

scholarly journals An Integrated Method for Fire Risk Assessment in Residential Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hongfu Mi ◽  
Yaling Liu ◽  
Wenhe Wang ◽  
Guoqing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Building Fires ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Fire Risk Assessment

Building fires are characterized by high uncertainty, so their fire risk assessment is a very challenging task. Many indexes and parameters related to building fires are ambiguous and uncertain; as a result, a flexible and robust method is needed to process quantitative or qualitative data and update existing information when new data are available. This paper presents a novel model to deal with the uncertainty of the residential building fire risk and systematically optimize its performance effectiveness. The model includes fuzzy theory, evidence reasoning theory, and expected utility methods. Fuzzy analysis hierarchy process is applied to analyze the residential building fire risk index system and determine the weights of the risk indexes, while the evidence reasoning operator is used to synthesize them. Three buildings were selected as a case study to illustrate the proposed fire risk model. The results show that the fire risk level of three buildings corresponds to “moderate” or below which is consistent with the previous study. These results also truly reflect the actual situation of fire safety in these residential buildings. The application of this model provides a powerful mathematical framework for cooperative modeling of the fire risk assessment system and allows data to be analyzed step by step in a systematic manner. It is expected that the proposed model could provide managers and researchers with flexible and transparent tools to effectively reduce the fire risk in the system.

FACTORS AFFECTING SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AFTER FIRE EXPOSURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Ilki ◽  
Ugur Demir
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
The Impact

In the areas under high earthquake risk, the impact of fire damage on the seismic performance of the reinforced concrete (RC) structures ought to be realistically taken into account while assessing the fire damage to develop reuse/repair/replace strategies through the remaining service life. In the scope of this study, a literature review is conducted on the changes of mechanical characteristics of concrete and reinforcement caused by a fire with a particular emphasis on the post-cooling stage. Post-cooling behaviour of RC members is different than the behaviour under elevated temperatures and hence it is of vital importance on structural seismic performance assessment after a fire. Apart from material-wise assessment methodologies, post-fire seismic performance of RC structural members is also discussed through post-fire simulated seismic loading tests conducted on full-scale cast-in-place and precast columns. The test results pointed out to a reduction in lateral load bearing capacity of the cast-in-place columns subjected to fire whereas fire-exposed precast columns demonstrated better performance in terms of residual lateral load capacity due to the lower axial load and larger heights. All columns exhibited satisfactory performance in terms of ductility.

Example of modeling the use of fire-fighting vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
A. V. Kulagin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Logical Tree ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article considers a systematic approach to assessing the effectiveness of the preparation and use of fire-fighting vessels. Using the Pattern method, a study of the use of a fire-fighting boat for solving problems of extinguishing fires on water transport was conducted. Goal and objectives. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology for determining the effectiveness of the preparation and use of fire-fighting vessels according to the selected evaluation criteria, with the determination of the impact of each criterion on the overall effectiveness of fire extinguishing. Methods. In the article, the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the preparation and use of fire-fighting vessels can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, a verbal presentation of the research task is carried out with the identification of the most "weak" training measures and during the application of fire-fighting vessels using the Pattern Method. At the second stage of the study, an assessment of the state of the identified "weak" measures is carried out with the definition of measures to improve the technical readiness of the material part or organizational and technical measures during the operation of fire-fighting vessels. Results and discussion. The author obtained a particular analytical solution for improving the efficiency of operation of fire-fighting vessels for the case of using a fire-fighting boat. A method for calculating the evaluation criteria is proposed. Conclusions. Thus, the proposed modification of the model of preparation and application of fire-fighting vessels consists in the representation of organizational and technical processes in the form of a logical "tree of goals". The directions of further research in terms of the development of the results obtained in the analysis of the operation of fire-technical equipment on fire-fighting vessels and fire-fighting vessels themselves are determined. Keywords: model, system approach, analysis, pattern method, diesel, special fire extinguishing means

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