Assessment of Contamination Risk from Fecal Matter Presence on Fruit and Mulch in the tomato fields based on generic Escherichia coli population

2021 ◽  
pp. 103956
Author(s):  
Zeynal Topalcengiz ◽  
Michelle D. Danyluk
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Contamination Risk

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of the spatial distribution of Escherichia coli in river deltas for different values of river discharge, temperature and irradiation of the water surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Leonardi ◽  
Constantinos Matsoukis ◽  
Iacopo Carnacina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
River Deltas ◽  
Discharge Temperature

Abstract Escherichia coli and other enteric pathogens presence indicate that the water has been contaminated with fecal matter. River deltas are population hotspots which are becoming increasingly urbanized and where poor sanitation has been frequently identified as a pressing issue. In this study, we have investigated the spatial distribution of E. coli in river deltas under varying river discharge, temperature and irradiation at the water surface. A hydrodynamic and water quality model has been used to reproduce an idealized river delta configuration and to investigate the spatial distribution of E. coli across the delta floodplain and channels. The concentration of E. coli rapidly declines downstream, following a tripartite trend with different decline rates on the delta front, pro-delta and shelf area. The highest differences in the spatial distribution of E. coli bacteria occur for low-river discharge values. Temperature and irradiation both influence the concentration of E. coli and mostly influence downstream areas and smaller channels.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Water: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Mohammad Khan ◽  
Rajiv Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Escherichia coli or E. coli is a member of the fecal coliform group and is a more specific indicator of fecal contamination than other fecal coliform species, its presence indicate possibly presence of harmful bacteria which will cause diseases and it also suggests the extent as well as the nature of the contaminants. E. coli bacteria able to survive in water for 4 – 12 weeks and at present, it appears as an indicator to provide the accurate bacterial contamination of fecal matter in drinking water, because of the availability of simple, affordable, fast, sensitive and exact detection techniques. According to the laboratory experiment based techniques, 24 - 48 hours are required for the bacterial concentration to be reported. So, there is a necessity for continuous monitoring. Techniques for detection of many pathogenic bacterial strains are not yet available, sometimes days to weeks are required to get the results. To overcome the difficulties, expensive and time-consuming techniques are required to detect, count and identify the presence of specific bacterial strain. Public health relies on online monitoring of water quality that depends majorly on examination of fecal indicator bacteria, thus protection of health requires fecal pollution indicator so that it is not required to analyze drinking water to overcome the problems associated with waterborne diseases. This paper will brief the classification, sources, survival of E. coli bacteria and its correlation with basic water quality parameters in water sources.```

scholarly journals Effects of hydrological regime and land use on in-stream Escherichia coli concentration in the Mekong basin, Lao PDR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paty Nakhle ◽  
Olivier Ribolzi ◽  
Laurie Boithias ◽  
Sayaphet Rattanavong ◽  
Yves Auda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Tropical Conditions

AbstractIn the basin of Mekong, over 70 million people rely on unimproved surface water for their domestic requirements. Surface water is often contaminated with fecal matter and yet little information exists on the underlying mechanisms of fecal contamination in tropical conditions at large watershed scales. Our objectives were to (1) investigate the seasonality of fecal contamination using Escherichia coli as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and (2) establish links between the fecal contamination in stream water and its controlling factors (hydrology and land use). We present the results of (1) a sampling campaign at the outlet of 19 catchments across Lao PDR, in both the dry and the rainy seasons of 2016, and (2) a 10-day interval monitoring conducted in 2017 and 2018 at three point locations of three rivers (Nam Ou, Nam Suang, and Mekong) in northern Lao PDR. Our results show the presence of fecal contamination at most of the sampled sites, with a seasonality characterized by higher and extreme E. coli concentrations occurring during the rainy season. The highest E. coli concentrations, strongly correlated with total suspended sediment concentrations, were measured in catchments dominated by unstocked forest areas, especially in mountainous northern Lao PDR and in Vientiane province.

scholarly journals Virulence Determinants and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Nayeem ◽  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Samina Ievy ◽  
Md. Amirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli

Migratory birds are carriers of multidrug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. However, their roles in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens are still being neglected in Bangladesh. The present study was therefore carried out to detect multidrug resistant E. coli. In addition, these isolates were also screened for the presence of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)-associated virulence genes. A total of 66 fecal matter samples of migratory birds were screened. E. coli were isolated and identified by culturing and biochemical tests followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). APEC-associated virulence genes were detected by PCR. Disk diffusion assays were employed to investigate antibiogram profiles. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess correlations in resistance patterns between antimicrobials and to assess associations between virulence genes of E. coli. Among the 66 samples assessed by PCR, 55 (83.33%) were found positive for E. coli. Of these 55 isolates, the APEC-associated virulence gene fimC was detected in 67.27% of the isolates, which was significantly higher than in the cases of iucD (29.09%) and papC (5.45%) genes. In addition, three isolates were found positive for all three virulence genes, while 23 and 12 isolates were positive for one and two virulence genes respectively. In the bivariate analysis, significant associations were detected between fimC and iucD virulence genes. Using the antibiogram, all E. coli isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The isolates exhibited 100% resistance against ampicillin and erythromycin in addition to varying percentages of resistance against streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Highly positive correlations between tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were observed by bivariate analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports APEC-associated virulence genes of MDR E. coli from migratory birds in Bangladesh. Results indicate that migratory birds are reservoirs of MDR E. coli isolates carrying APEC-associated virulence genes, which can seriously contribute to the development of human and animal diseases.

Design Development of Acoustic Waves Based Sensitive Sensors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng Teik Ten ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Ahmad Sudin ◽  
Wei Wen Liu ◽  
Kai Loong Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Fecal Matter

Food contamination has become critical issue and is being worse due to the insensitive detection devices. One of the dangerous food contaminations is by Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157:H7, one of the harmful bacterial pathogens which is distributed in soil, marine and estuarine waters, the intestinal tract of animals, or water contaminated with fecal matter. A small amount of E.coli with the dose fewer than 100 organisms in food products or water is enough to cause serious gastrointestinal illness to human. Hence, the ultra-high sensitive, label free biosensors have been designed in this research for the low concentration E.coli detection. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) devices have been initially developed and used for the high-volume low-cost TV component. Due to the ultra-sensitivity to the surface perturbation, SAW based devices have been modified to be sensors. Initially, SAW sensors were developed for gas detections and have been moving towards biological detections recently. Shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SHSAW), one of the SAW based types is most suitable for the liquid based application as it has the advantage of acoustic energy is not being radiated into liquid. However, the main SHSAW design components are the operating frequency and wave length. These are strictly depended on the inter digital transducers (IDTs) design. Therefore, this paper is presenting the IDTs design concept and pattern development by using computer aid design (CAD) software.

Use of Traceback Methods To Confirm the Source of a Multistate Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreak Due to In-Shell Hazelnuts

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN D. MILLER ◽  
CARRIE E. RIGDON ◽  
JILL BALL ◽  
JOSHUA M. ROUNDS ◽  
RACHEL F. KLOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Wild Deer

Traceback methods by state regulatory agencies were used to complement traditional epidemiological cluster investigation methods and confirmed hazelnuts (also referred to as filberts) as the vehicle in a multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Bulk in-shell hazelnut and mixed-nut purchase locations were identified during the initial epidemiological interviews. Based on purchase dates and case onset dates, regulators in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin traced product back through the supply chain. Six (86%) retail locations received the suspect hazelnut or mixed-nut shipments from a Minnesota distributor, with one retailer (14%) receiving products from a Wisconsin distributor. Both distributors received 100% of their bulk in-shell hazelnuts and mixed nuts from a distributor in California. The California distributor received 99% of their hazelnuts from a packing company in Oregon. The California distributor received the hazelnuts in 50-lb (22.7-kg) bags and either resold them without opening the bags or used the in-shell hazelnuts in the manufacture of their in-shell mixed nuts. Records at the packing company in Oregon were incomplete or lacked sufficient detail needed to identify a suspect farm or group of suspect farms. Laboratory samples collected from human cases and subsequently recalled product matched the outbreak pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtype of E. coli O157:H7. Hazelnut harvesting practices create a plausible route of contamination from fecal matter from domestic ruminants or wild deer. This outbreak investigation demonstrates the use of product traceback data to rapidly test an epidemiological hypothesis.

scholarly journals Presence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Fresh Beef Marketed in 13 Regions of ITALY (2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Varcasia ◽  
Francesco Tomassetti ◽  
Laura De Santis ◽  
Fabiola Di Giamberardino ◽  
Sarah Lovari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Contamination Risk

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in fresh beef marketed in 2017 in 13 regions of Italy, to evaluate the potential risk to human health. According to the ISO/TS 13136:2012 standard, 239 samples were analysed and nine were STEC positive, from which 20 strains were isolated. The STEC-positive samples were obtained from Calabria (n = 1), Campania (n = 1), Lazio (n = 2), Liguria (n = 1), Lombardia (n = 1) and Veneto (n = 3). All STEC strains were analysed for serogroups O26, O45, O55, O91, O103, O104, O111, O113, O121, O128, O145, O146 and O157, using Real-Time PCR. Three serogroups were identified amongst the 20 strains: O91 (n = 5), O113 (n = 2), and O157 (n = 1); the O-group for each of the 12 remaining STEC strains was not identified. Six stx subtypes were detected: stx1a, stx1c, stx2a, stx2b, stx2c and stx2d. Subtype stx2c was the most common, followed by stx2d and stx2b. Subtype stx2a was identified in only one eae-negative strain and occurred in combination with stx1a, stx1c and stx2b. The presence in meat of STEC strains being potentially harmful to human health shows the importance, during harvest, of implementing additional measures to reduce contamination risk.

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