Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation withthe traditional hydrodistillation method in the extractionof essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L.

Abstract We assessed the degree to which 16 post-infection treatments controlled Botrytis (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr.) damage in cut roses (Rosa × hybrida). Additional experiments examined whether essential oils (EO) of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) leaf (CLO), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.) bud (CBO), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (TO) could reduce damage in Botrytis-infected cut roses. The 16 treatments applied to ‘Light Orlando' cut roses differed in reducing Botrytis damage and causing phytotoxicity damage. Only the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil [applied as 0.23 g · L−1 (0.00024 oz · fl oz−1) Medallion®] resulted in the desirable combination of greatly reduced stem termination frequency due to Botrytis damage and relatively minor flower phytotoxicity. When applied to cut rose ‘Freedom' or cultivars with light colored flowers (‘Cool Water', ‘Jessika', ‘Polar Star', ‘Tiffany'), all EO aqueous solutions caused pronounced phytotoxicity damage, but only TO reduced Botrytis damage significantly compared to untreated flowers. Roses exposed to EO vapor rather than an aqueous solution tended to exhibit less phytotoxicity. Vapors of CLO and CBO tended to reduce Botrytis damage less and caused greater flower phytotoxicity than TO vapor and aqueous fludioxonil. Thyme oil vapor exposures of 4.6 and 9.1 ppm warrant further investigation. Index words: Botrytis blight, Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr., cut flowers, floriculture, fungicide, gray mold, Rosa × hybrida. Chemicals used in this study: Bacillus subtilis (Cease®), bleach (Clorox®), chlorothalonil (Daconil®), copper sulphate (Phyton® 27), fenhexamide (Elevate®), fludioxonil (Medallion®), hydrogen peroxide (ZeroTol® 2.0), iprodione (Chipco® 26019 Flo), potassium bicarbonate (Milstop®), pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Pageant® Intrinsic®). Species used in this study: Rose (Rosa × hybrida) ‘Cool Water', ‘Freedom', ‘Jessika', ‘Polar Star', ‘Tiffany', Botrytis (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr.).

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The Effect of Essential Oil Intake on Changes of Plasma Antioxidant Status in Mice

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200776030357 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 357-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Š. Faix ◽

Š. Juhas ◽

Z. Faixová

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

The Body ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

High Dose ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Total Antioxidant

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four essential oils intake by feed, namely Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness, and Syzygium aromaticum on antioxidant status in mice in vivo. Essential oils were in the aether oleum form. They were diluted with ethanol absolute mixed with ground pelett (0.1, 0.25, 0.57 and 1% concentration) and thereafter ethanol was evaporated. SOD, GPx activities and TAS were measured in erythrocytes and plasma spectrophotometrically with Ransod, Ransel and TAS kits from RANDOX, respectively. GPX activity showed a significant increase in 0.25% and 0.1% concentration of Origani aetheroleum. The GPx activities were decreased in 1% concentration of Thymi aetheroleum and 0.57% concentration of Cinnamomi aetheroleum and 0.57% concentration of Caryophylli aetheroleum. The total antioxidant status showed a significant decrease in 1 % concentration of Origani aetheroleum and significantly increased in 0.1% concentration. The same results were found in Thymi aetheroleum. Cinnamomi aetheroleum and Caryophylli aetheroleum had not effect on total antioxidant status. SOD activities were not significantly changed after intake of essential oils. In conclusion, our results showed, that concentration of essential oil is very important for antioxidant status and also for metabolism of mice, because a high dose of essential oil has adverse effect on metabolism of mice, representated by a lower growth of the body weight. On the other hand, essential oils at lower concentrations have positive effect on antioxidant status of mice.

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Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Laurel (Lauris nobilis L.), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Essential Oils against Some Fish Pathogenic Bacteria

Acta Aquatica Turcica ◽

10.22392/actaquatr.549380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 439-446

Author(s):

Serpil Tural ◽

Yüksel Durmaz ◽

Eda Urçar ◽

Sadettin Turhan

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Petroselinum Crispum ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L

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Effect of Essential Oils on Growth Inhibition, Biofilm Formation and Membrane Integrity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10121474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1474

Author(s):

Andrés Martínez ◽

Marcela Manrique-Moreno ◽

Maria C. Klaiss-Luna ◽

Elena Stashenko ◽

German Zafra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Lipid Bilayers ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Method Development ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Hydrophobic Core ◽

Synthetic Membranes ◽

E Coli ◽

Microdilution Method

Biofilm as a cellular conformation confers survival properties to microbial populations and favors microbial resistance. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antimotility, antihemolytic activity, and the interaction with synthetic membranes of 15 essential oils (EOs) on E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was determined through microdilution method; development of the biofilm was assessed using the crystal violet assay and SEM microscopy. Results indicate that Lippia origanoides thymol–carvacrol II chemotype (LTC II) and Thymus vulgaris (TV) exhibited a significant antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 0.45 and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. The percentage of biofilm formation inhibition was greater than 70% at subinhibitory concentrations (MIC50) for LTC II EO. The results demonstrate that these two oils had significantly reduced the hemolytic effect of S. aureus by 54% and 32%, respectively, and the mobility capacity by swimming in E. coli with percentages of decrease of 55% and 47%, respectively. The results show that LTC II and TV EOs can interact with the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers and alter the physicochemical properties of membranes. The findings suggest that LTC II and TV oils may potentially be used to aid in the treatment of S. aureus and E. coli infections.

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Changes in essential oil profile of Thymus daenensis Celak., Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger., and Thymus vulgaris L. under methyl jasmonate treatment

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523020666210114093325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Shayganfar ◽

Davod Akhzari

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Oil Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Physiological State ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Four Levels

Background: Thymus plants are well-known medicinal plants and it is believed that the pharmaceutical and therapeutically properties of these plants are related to their essential oils. The quality and quantity of the essential oils, as a secondary metabolite of aromatic plant, is directly related to the physiological state of the plant. The role of jasmonates in the plant as signal molecules in mediation and up-regulation of plant defense and secondary metabolism processes is well recognized. Objective: With the aim of increasing the performance and stimulating secondary metabolites, this study evaluate the influence of foliar application of MJ on essential oil content and composition of three different Thymus species, whether as an elicitor or an activator. Method: The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with MJ treatments in four levels (0, 30, 60, 100 mM) and three replications. Results: Compared to the control, essential oil content of all three species increased in all treatment levels. However, the changes of essential oil composition were different. Under MJ treatments, the amount of sesquiterpenes (especially caryophyllene oxide) increased in T. daenensis and T. fedtschenkoi. In addition, the amount of thymol in T. daenensis, thymol, and γ-terpinene in T. vulgaris increased, whereas carvacrol methyl ether in T. daenensis and p-cymene in T. vulgaris decreased. Conclusion: It seems the type of plant species has a specific role in determining the response. There were no interpretable changes between treatment levels.

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