Production, physicochemical characteristics, and in vitro biological activities of polysaccharides obtained from fresh bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) via room temperature extraction techniques

Diabetes mellitus is a multifunctional disorder which is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world. It has been estimated that up to one third of patients with diabetes mellitus use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. One plant that has received the most attention for its anti-diabetic properties is Momordica charantia commonly referred to as bitter gourd. In this study, bitter gourd was extracted in various media i.e. ethanol, water, citric acid, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride. The samples were evaluated for their in-vitro ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes activity. Ethanol extract was observed to have maximum inhibition against these enzymes. The IC50 values recorded for inhibition of α-amylase activity were 81.34, 87.56, 83.89, 97.71 and 83.12 μg/ml respectively for crude extracts of ethanol, water, citric acid, Na2CO3 and NaCl. Similarly, the ability of extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase was reflected in the result pattern ethanol<Na2CO3<NaCl<aqueous<citric acid (i.e. 72.81<75.66<80.15<81.22<83.85 μg/ml). Therefore, ethanol extract has potential applications in developing drug therapy for the treatment of diabetes using bitter gourd.

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Studies on the antioxygenic activity of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia ) and its fractions using various in vitro models

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.4251 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 776-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ananthan Padmashree ◽

Gopal K Sharma ◽

Anil D Semwal ◽

Amarinder S Bawa

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Models ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Bitter Gourd

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The MAP30 protein from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds promotes apoptosis in liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Cancer Letters ◽

10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 324 (1) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Evandro Fei Fang ◽

Chris Zhi Yi Zhang ◽

Jack Ho Wong ◽

Jia Yun Shen ◽

Chuan Hao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Liver Cancer Cells

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Stable, Monodisperse, and Highly Cell-Permeating Nanocochleates from Natural Soy Lecithin Liposomes

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11010034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Martina Asprea ◽

Francesca Tatini ◽

Vieri Piazzini ◽

Francesca Rossi ◽

Maria Bergonzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Ions ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Soy Lecithin ◽

3T3 Fibroblasts ◽

Therapeutic Value ◽

Alkaline Conditions

(1) Background: Andrographolide (AN), the main diterpenoid constituent of Andrographis paniculata, has a wide spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this study was the development of nanocochleates (NCs) loaded with AN and based on phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol and calcium ions in order to overcome AN low water solubility, its instability under alkaline conditions and its rapid metabolism in the intestine. (2) Methods: The AN-loaded NCs (AN–NCs) were physically and chemically characterised. The in vitro gastrointestinal stability and biocompatibility of AN–NCs in J77A.1 macrophage and 3T3 fibroblasts cell lines were also investigated. Finally, the uptake of nanocarriers in macrophage cells was studied. (3) Results: AN–NCs obtained from PC nanoliposomes were suitable nanocarriers in terms of size and homogeneity. They had an extraordinary stability after lyophilisation without the use of lyoprotectants and after storage at room temperature. The encapsulation efficiency was 71%, while approximately 95% of AN was released in PBS after 24 h, with kinetics according to the Hixson–Crowell model. The in vitro gastrointestinal stability and safety of NCs, both in macrophages and 3T3 fibroblasts, were also assessed. Additionally, NCs had extraordinary uptake properties in macrophages. (4) Conclusions: NCs developed in this study could be suitable for both AN oral and parental administration, amplifying its therapeutic value.

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Room Temperature Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Sulfonamides Containing N,N-Diethyl-Substituted Amido Moieties

International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2012/367815 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olayinka O. Ajani ◽

Oluwole B. Familoni ◽

Feipeng Wu ◽

Johnbull O. Echeme ◽

Zheng Sujiang

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Wide Range ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

Mic Value ◽

C Nmr

Sulfonamide drugs which have brought about an antibiotic revolution in medicine are associated with a wide range of biological activities. We have synthesized a series of α-tolylsulfonamide, 1–11 and their substituted N,N-diethyl-2-(phenylmethylsulfonamido) alkanamide derivatives, 12–22 in improved and excellent yields in aqueous medium at room temperature through highly economical synthetic routes. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds 1–22 were confirmed by analytical and spectral data such as IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The in vitro antibacterial activity of these compounds along with standard clinical reference, streptomycin, was investigated on two key targeted organisms. It was observed that 1-(benzylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, 2 emerged as the most active compound against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC value of 1.8 μg/mL while 4-(3-(diethylamino)-3-oxo-2-(phenylmethylsulfonamido) propyl)phenyl phenylmethanesulfonate, 22 was the most active sulfonamide scaffold on Escherichia coli at MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL.

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In vitro Propagation of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) from Nodal and Root Segments

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4916 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.A.Z. Al Munsur ◽

M.S. Haque ◽

K.M. Nasiruddin ◽

M.S. Hossain

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Shoot Regeneration ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Nodal Segments ◽

Root Segments

Explants of nodal and root segments of bitter gourd were cultured on MS supplemented with various concentrations of BAP in combination with either 2,4-D or NAA. Nodal segments produced the highest percentage (93.75) of callus in MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BAP whereas, root segments produced the highest (85.00%) callus in 0.6 mg/l NAA and 2.5 mg/l BAP combination. A combination of 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BAP exhibited 75.00% shoot regeneration from nodal segments. The highest shoot length (5.15 cm) was recorded with 2.5 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l IAA from nodal segments. No sign of regeneration of shoot was found from root segments in any of the combinations. However, some combinations produced only roots. Key words: In vitro propagation, bitter gourd, nodal segments, Root segments D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4916 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 45-52, 2009 (June)

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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the hypoglycemic efficacy of the mcIRBP-19-containing Momordica charantia L. fruit extracts in the type 2 diabetic subjects

Food & Nutrition Research ◽

10.29219/fnr.v66.3685 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Sun Yang ◽

Nian-Yi Wu ◽

Edy Kornelius ◽

Chien-Ning Huang ◽

Nae-Cherng Yang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Double Blind

Background: The fruits of Momordica charantia L., also named as bitter gourd or bitter melon in popular, is a common tropical vegetable that is traditionally used to reduce blood glucose. A peptide derived from bitter gourd, Momordica charantia insulin receptor binding peptid-19 (mcIRBP-19), had been demonstrated to possess an insulin-like effect in vitro and in the animal studies. However, the benefit of the mcIRBP-19-containing bitter gourd extracts (mcIRBP-19-BGE) for lowering blood glucose levels in humans is unknown. Objective: This aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic efficacy of mcIRBP-19-BGE in subjects with type 2 diabetes who had taken antidiabetic medications but failed to achieve the treatment goal. Whether glucose lowering efficacy of mcIRBP-19-BGE could be demonstrated when the antidiabetic medications were ineffective was also studied. Design: Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: mcIRBP-19-BGE treatment group (N = 20) and placebo group (N = 20), and were orally administered 600 mg/day investigational product or placebo for 3 months. Subjects whose hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) continued declining before the trial initiation with the antidiabetic drugs were excluded from the subset analysis to further investigate the efficacy for those who failed to respond to the antidiabetic medications. Results: The oral administration of mcIRBP-19-BGE decreased with a borderline significance at fasting blood glucose (FBG; P = 0.057) and HbA1c (P = 0.060). The subgroup analysis (N = 29) showed that mcIRBP-19-BGE had a significant effect on reducing FBG (from 172.5 ± 32.6 mg/dL to 159.4 ± 18.3 mg/dL, P = 0.041) and HbA1c (from 8.0 ± 0.7% to 7.5 ± 0.8%, P = 0.010). Conclusion: All of these results demonstrate that mcIRBP-19-BGE possesses a hypoglycemic effect, and can have a significant reduction in FBG and HbA1c when the antidiabetic drugs are ineffective.

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Extraction Techniques, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Marine Algae Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharide

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.747928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Teketay Wassie ◽

Kaimin Niu ◽

Chunyan Xie ◽

Haihua Wang ◽

Wu Xin

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Food Additives ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Future Research ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Main Component

There is increasing interest in the use of marine algae as functional food additives for improving human health. Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera (E. prolifera) is a seaweed green alga (Chlorophyta) that contains many bioactive compounds, of which polysaccharide is the main component. With the advancement of technology in the methods of extraction and analysis, recent studies in in vitro and animals model showed that polysaccharides derived from E. prolifera exert various biological activities, such as gut microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and hypolipidemic. Research evidence has shown that methods of extraction and molecular modification, such as degradation, carboxymethylation, and sulfonation could alter the biological activities of polysaccharides. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the different extraction techniques, structural-activity relationship, and health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from E. prolifera, and suggested future research avenues. This review helps to advance the extraction techniques and promote the application of marine algae polysaccharides as functional food and therapeutic agent.

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