Identifying Codium fragile extract components and their effects on muscle weight and exercise endurance

2021 ◽  
pp. 129463
Author(s):  
Jisong Ahn ◽  
Min Jung Kim ◽  
Ahyoung yoo ◽  
Jiyun Ahn ◽  
Tae Youl Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Exercise Endurance

Effect of 8 and 12 weeks' once-daily tiotropium and olodaterol, alone and combined with exercise training, on exercise endurance during walking in patients with COPD

Pneumologie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S125
Author(s):  
T Troosters ◽  
J Bourbeau ◽  
F Maltais ◽  
N Leidy ◽  
D Erzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Exercise Endurance

The missing links: larval and post-larval development of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Elysia viridis

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Algal Diet ◽  
Better Than

The stenophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglossan) opisthobranch Elysia viridis has long been a model organism for the study of endosymbiosis or kleptoplasty as well as one of the few herbivores to consume the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile on European shores. Larval and post-larval dynamics of the ascoglossan were investigated. Planktotrophic larvae of E. viridis grew at 5–10 μm d−1 (shell length) at 15°C on a unicellular algal diet (the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica); larvae became competent one month post-hatching. Effective feeding and chloroplast acquisition typically started within 2–3 d of metamorphosis. Slugs grew about 8 mm in the first month of post-larval life. During this period, juveniles held in the light did not grow faster or survive better than conspecifics held in the dark; thus, functional kleptoplasty did not occur during first three weeks of benthic life. While larval growth rates and the nature of metamorphic cues are consistent with those of many other opisthobranch species with planktotrophic larvae, measures of post-larval growth—particularly as it pertains to kleptoplasty—is a new contribution to opisthobranch biology.

γ‐Oryzanol improves exercise endurance and muscle strength by upregulating PPARδ and ERRγ activity in aged mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000652
Author(s):  
Jisong Ahn ◽  
Hyo Jeong Son ◽  
Hyo Deok Seo ◽  
Tae Youl Ha ◽  
Jiyun Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Exercise Endurance

Effect of caffeine on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of marine macroalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ira Gray ◽  
Lindsay A. Green-Gavrielidis ◽  
Carol Thornber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Caffeine is present in coastal environments worldwide and there is a need to assess its impact on marine organisms. Here, we exposed two species of ecologically important marine macroalgae (Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile subsp. fragile) to a suite of caffeine concentrations and measured their response. Caffeine concentrations of 10–100 ng L−1 had no significant effect on the growth rate or photosynthetic efficiency of either algae. Extremely high concentrations (100–200 mg L−1), which may occur acutely, produced sublethal effects for both species and mortality in C. fragile subsp. fragile. Our results highlight the need to understand how caffeine impacts marine species.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BREED AND SEX ON THE PATTERNS OF FAT DEPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION IN SWINE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. J. RICHMOND ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. B. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Breed Differences

The growth and distribution of fat from 163 pig carcasses were compared among five breeds (Duroc × Yorkshire (D × Y), Hampshire × Yorkshire (H × Y), Yorkshire (Y × Y), Yorkshire × Lacombe-Yorkshire (Y × L-Y) and Lacombe × Yorkshire (L × Y)) and two sex-types (barrows and gilts) over a wide range in carcass weight. The growth pattern of fat and the fat depots were estimated from the allometric equation (Y = aXb) using side muscle weight and side fat weight separately as independent variables. Growth coefficients (b) for intermuscular and subcutaneous fat depots were similar for the hindquarter but the intermuscular depot coefficient was slightly higher for the forequarter. The coefficient for body cavity fat was highest in all comparisons. No significant differences were detected for coefficients among breeds and between sexes using both total muscle and total side fat as independent variables. Significant breed and sex-type differences were found in the fat depots at a constant weight of side muscle. This would indicate that breed differences in fatness seemed to be more influenced by the initiation of fattening at different muscle weights than by any inherent differences in rate of fattening. Significant breed differences were also found in the fat depots at a constant fat weight, indicating that breed may influence fat distribution. Sex-type had no effect on fat distribution when the evaluation was made at constant fatness.

scholarly journals Discovery and refinement of muscle weight QTLs in B6 × D2 advanced intercross mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Carbonetto ◽  
R. Cheng ◽  
J. P. Gyekis ◽  
C. C. Parker ◽  
D. A. Blizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Causal Genes ◽  
Snp Panel ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Genetic Contributions

The genes underlying variation in skeletal muscle mass are poorly understood. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been mapped in crosses of mouse strains, the limited resolution inherent in these conventional studies has made it difficult to reliably pinpoint the causal genetic variants. The accumulated recombination events in an advanced intercross line (AIL), in which mice from two inbred strains are mated at random for several generations, can improve mapping resolution. We demonstrate these advancements in mapping QTLs for hindlimb muscle weights in an AIL ( n = 832) of the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains, generations F8–F13. We mapped muscle weight QTLs using the high-density MegaMUGA SNP panel. The QTLs highlight the shared genetic architecture of four hindlimb muscles and suggest that the genetic contributions to muscle variation are substantially different in males and females, at least in the B6D2 lineage. Out of the 15 muscle weight QTLs identified in the AIL, nine overlapped the genomic regions discovered in an earlier B6D2 F2 intercross. Mapping resolution, however, was substantially improved in our study to a median QTL interval of 12.5 Mb. Subsequent sequence analysis of the QTL regions revealed 20 genes with nonsense or potentially damaging missense mutations. Further refinement of the muscle weight QTLs using additional functional information, such as gene expression differences between alleles, will be important for discerning the causal genes.

scholarly journals Tart Cherry (Fruit of Prunus cerasus) Concentrated Powder (TCcp) Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscular Atrophy in Mice

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Sae-Kwang Ku ◽  
Jong-Min Lim ◽  
Hyung-Rae Cho ◽  
Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir ◽  
Young Suk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Background and Objectives: The present study investigated the beneficial effects of tart cherry (fruit of Prunus cerasus) concentrated powder (TCcp) on glucocorticoid (GLU)-induced catabolic muscular atrophy in the skeletal muscle of mice. Furthermore, its potential mechanism was also studied. Materials and Methods: Changes in calf thickness, calf muscle weight, calf muscle strength, body weight, gastrocnemius muscle histology, immunohistochemistry, serum creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and antioxidant defense systems were measured. Malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, glutathione content, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in the gastrocnemius muscle, and muscle-specific mRNA expressions were evaluated. Results: After 24 days, GLU control mice showed muscular atrophy at all criteria of indexes. The muscular atrophy symptoms were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of TCcp through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory modulated expression of genes involved in muscle protein degradation (myostatin, atrogin-1, SIRT1, and MuRF1) and synthesis (A1R, Akt1, TRPV4, and PI3K). Conclusions: This study shows that the TCcp (500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg) could improve muscular atrophies caused by various etiologies.

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