The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade

Food Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. S3-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Allouche
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Global Water

Conditions of Authoritarianism, Fascism, and Democracy in Interwar Europe

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISÈLE DE MEUR ◽  
DIRK BERG-SCHLOSSER
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Small N ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Interwar Europe

Comparative political analysis at the macrolevel of political systems can reduce the inevitably high complexity of such comparisons by the systematic matching or contrasting of cases, depending on the particular problem. Such “most similar systems” or “most different systems” designs, in Przeworski and Teune's terminology, thus constitute one of the major ways out of the usual “small N—many variables” dilemma. This article proposes a detailed and comprehensive method to establish such similarities and dissimilarities in a systematic and, at all stages, transparent way. The examples chosen refer to an analysis of the conditions of survival or breakdown of democratic systems in the interwar period in Europe.

scholarly journals TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS: A HOLISTIC, INTERDISCIPLINARY AND SYSTEMIC APPROACH

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Moscatelli ◽  
Hamid El Bilali ◽  
Mauro Gamboni ◽  
Roberto Capone
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Food Systems ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Seafood Processing

One of the biggest challenges facing humanity is achieving sustainable foodsecurity in the face of population growth, resource scarcity, ecosystem degradationand climate change. Transitioning towards sustainable food systems (SFS) is amust for achieving sustainable development. This review paper highlights the needto adopt a holistic, multidimensional, interdisciplinary and systemic approach forbetter understanding food systems, which is a prerequisite for fostering transitiontowards sustainability. A better understanding of food systems meanscomprehending issues at play from ‘farm to fork’ i.e. production (crop, animal,seafood), processing, trade and distribution, and consumption. For gaining a fullawareness also cross-cutting issues such as gender, innovation and technologyshould be considered. Such a deep knowledge and consequent corrective actionsare crucial to address the multiple challenges and dysfunctions of the current globalfood system such as food insecurity, obesity, food waste, climate change,biodiversity loss, land degradation, water depletion, deforestation, marketconcentration and food heritage erosion. It is fundamental to foster transitiontowards sustainable and resilient food systems to achieve sustainable food andnutrition security for present and future generations. All dimensions (environment,economy, society and culture, nutrition and health) of food sustainability should betackled while considering policy and governance. Different food consumption andproduction models can help speeding up journey towards sustainability. Theseinclude, inter alia, organic agriculture and different alternative food systemsallowing to link consumption and production such as urban agriculture,community-supported agriculture and short food chains. While the challenge istitanic, there is a menu of options that can be jointly used to foster shift towardsSFS such as sustainable and eco-functional intensification, sustainable diets, foodloss and waste reduction. Nevertheless, a holistic and systemic approach isnecessary to develop a systems thinking for generating interdisciplinary knowledgeneeded to support transition towards sustainable food systems.

scholarly journals A scoping review of the digital agricultural revolution and ecosystem services: implications for Canadian policy and research agendas

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1955-1985
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Green ◽  
Abdul-Rahim Abdulai ◽  
Emily Duncan ◽  
Alesandros Glaros ◽  
Malcolm Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Keyword Searches

The application of technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, blockchain, cellular agriculture, and big data analytics to food systems has been described as a digital agricultural revolution with the potential to increase food security and reduce agriculture’s environmental footprint. Yet, the scientific evidence informing how these technologies may impact or enhance ecosystem services has not been comprehensively reviewed. In this scoping review, we examine how digital agricultural technologies may enhance agriculture’s support of ecosystem services. Keyword searches in academic databases resulted in 2337 records, of which 74 records met review criteria and were coded. We identify three clusters of digital agricultural technologies including those that make farm management more precise, increase connectivity, and create novel foods. We then examine modelling and empirical evidence gaps in research linking these technologies to ecosystem services. Finally, we overview barriers to implementing digital agricultural technologies for better ecosystem services management in the Canadian context including economic and political systems; lack of policies on data management, governance, and cybersecurity; and limited training and human resources that prevents producers from fully utilizing these technologies.

scholarly journals Threshold Based Footprints (for Water)

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ruddell
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Emergent Property ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Impact Indicator ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Nonlinear Form ◽  
Social Environmental

Thresholds are an emergent property of complex systems and Coupled Natural Human Systems (CNH) because they indicate “tipping points” where a complicated array of social, environmental, and/or economic processes combine to substantially change a system’s state. Because of the elegance of the concept, thresholds have emerged as one of the primary tools by which socio-political systems simplify, define, and especially regulate complex environmental impacts and resource scarcity considerations. This paper derives a general framework for the use of thresholds to calculate scarcity footprints, and presents a volumetric Threshold-based Water Footprint (TWF), comparing it with the Blue Water Footprint (BWF) and the Relevant for Environmental Deficiency (RED) midpoint impact indicator. Specific findings include (a) one requires all users’ BWF to calculate an individual user’s TWF, whereas one can calculate an individual user’s BWF without other users’ data; (b) local maxima appear in the Free from Environmental Deficiency (FED) efficiency of the RED metric due to its nonlinear form; and (c) it is possible to estimate the “effective” threshold that is approximately implied by the RED water use impact metric.

Advanced hydroponics design for plant cultivation in cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-320
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Pennisi ◽  
◽  
Alessandro Pistillo ◽  
Elisa Appolloni ◽  
Francesco Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
The World

The growth of the world urban population altogether with the detrimental effects of climate change and resource scarcity are currently exerting extreme pressure on our food systems. Innovation in vegetable crop production is being driven by plant cultivation technologies that are independent of soil fertility and availability, highly efficient in the use of water and mineral nutrients and adapted to protected environments with resilience to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Soilless culture systems (SCS) are most suited to tackle these challenges, and in recent years their innovation has mainly targeted the adaptation of the growing techniques developed in traditional commercial greenhouse systems into advanced hydroponic designs fitted to diverse urban environments. This chapter describes the most recent innovations in SCS for plant cultivation within urban settings. These include rooftop farms and cultivation inside buildings through the use of artificial lighting. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this area.

Means and Ends of Political Analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-286
Author(s):  
Graeme C. Moodie ◽  
Gerald Studdert-Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Political Systems ◽  
General Will ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Decision Making

CLASSICAL POLITICAL THEORY HAS BEEN PREOCCUPIED WITH TWO over-arching problems; the stability and survivaI of political systems and the rationality of political acts. Rational decisions, it has been assumed, lead to stable and successful government. The first rule of nature is to make peace, Hobbes pointed out, and it is human reason that devises means for doing this.All the arguments, of course, have hung on the definition of rationality, and more particularly on the question of who, in practice, is to define what is rational or contribute to such a definition. The ultimate objective of the philosophers has been the ‘good of the whole community’, so the question has always resolved itself into establishing criteria for deciding which category or categories of person, under which set of rules or restraints, are most likely to make rational contributions to political decision-making for the good of the whole society. A large vocabulary of concepts – sovereignty, general will, obligation, citizenship, rights and so on – has been developed to provide theoretically satisfactory answers to this question.

scholarly journals Political Science in the Legacy of Classical Islamic Literature

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Taha J. Al Alwani
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Methods

In my own limited knowledge I know of no specialized studies in ourclassical legacy which could be described today as political thought, or astreatises on political systems, international relations, systems of government,the history of diplomacy, political development, methods of political analysis,political theory, political planning, or any of the other categories currentlystudied as a part of contemporary knowledge.Nonetheless, many of the issues discussed on these subjects were treatedin the classical legacy through the medium of fiqh (laws of Islam), whichin its long history touched upon many of the subjects studied today in thesocial sciences. Likewise, many of the questions dealt with in the field ofpolitical science were addressed by the early scholars of Islam within theframework of their writings on classical Fiqh of al Ahkam al Sultaniyah (thePrecepts of Power). Perhaps the book written by Shaykh Ibn Taymiyah, alSiyasah al Shar’iyah, was one of the most distinctive efforts in this directionas well as the book by al Khatib al Iskafi, Lutf al Tadbir, which also dealtwith certain issues which remain relevant today. Similar to such works areSuluk al Malik Fi Tadbir al Mamalik, Bada’i al-Silk, and others.These works show that the meaning of politics to the Muslim mind, andas envisioned by Islam, involves making arrangements for mankind inaccordance with the values prescribed by Allah (SWT) for the realizationof His purposes in creation, and in fulfillment of the trust of vicegerency,the duties of civilization, and the responsibility of the Ummah to act as awitness unto all mankind in its capacity as the “Middlemost Nation.”“Making arrangements” includes reading the past and learning its lessonsas well as interpreting, understanding, and analyzing the present in the lightof those lessons. Other elements included in “making arrangements” areplanning for the future and benefiting from all scientific knowledge that clarifies ...

scholarly journals The Influence of Global Trade in National Food Systems: A Dynamic Network Analysis, 1986–2013 (OR16-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Sarti ◽  
Murilo Silvestrini
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the evolution in international food trade relationships among countries during the period from 1986 until 2013, according to income groups, in order to analyze the contribution of global commerce to nutrition patterns in diverse populations worldwide. Methods Longitudinal study based on the analysis of food trade among countries, using datasets publicly available from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The information on food items imported from each country to another partner country were converted into calories per capita per year, considering only edible parts, allowing the aggregation of annual food trade flows for identification of contributions from international food systems to each country, categorized according to income level classification of the World Bank. The dataset was organized in pairs of countries linked by food commerce to build the graph of food trade network for each year and to provide information on the dynamics of the network during the period analyzed, considering that countries were nodes and food trade connections were edges. Results The dynamics of the global trade indicates intense growth in calories obtained from commerce among countries (from ∼1124 kcal per capita per day in 1986 to ∼2826 kcal in 2013), especially in low (+142.6%) and lower-middle income countries (+277.9%). However, major part of the calories traded among countries were concentrated among high income countries (from ∼2260 kcal per capita per day in 1986 to ∼4651 kcal in 2013). The evolution of international food trade network showed increase in graph density (from 0.164 in 1986 to 0.325 in 2013), and degree (from 25,365 in 1986 to 56,503 in 2013); nevertheless, there was relatively stable modularity (from 0.254 in 1986 to 0.325 in 2013), indicating intensification of calories traded among countries in the period, within similar patterns of commercial networks. Conclusions Information on networks connections along the period analyzed allowed indicating the role of global commerce on food situation of countries worldwide. There was increasing influence of global trade in national food systems during the last three decades; though inequalities remain regarding contributions from countries in different income levels. Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Food Safety, Security, Sustainability and Nutrition as Priority Objectives of the Food Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8073
Author(s):  
António Raposo ◽  
Fernando Ramos ◽  
Dele Raheem ◽  
Ariana Saraiva ◽  
Conrado Carrascosa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Ecosystem Degradation ◽  
Global Environmental

Food systems are at the center of global environmental, social, and economic challenges such as resource scarcity, ecosystem degradation, and climate change [...]

scholarly journals Czy istnieje idealny typ "opozycyjności"?

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Marzena Pomorska
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

Political opposition is a fundamental category of contemporary political analysis. On the one hand, it may be disorganized and it may express social opposition. On the other hand, it may be organized in the form of a political party. It may be legal or it may stand outside the law. It may be motivated by noble ideals or lust for power. It does not matter. However, the most important thing is that some kind of opposition always exist in all political systems and in all countries. Opposition is a political phenomenon.

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