Cumulative effects of chronic deer browsing and clear-cutting on regeneration processes in second-growth white spruce stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Barrette ◽  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Louis De Grandpré ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Regeneration Processes

Aboveground biomass production and nutrient accumulation on postharvested white spruce sites in interior Alaska

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paré ◽  
Keith Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Spruce Stands

Nutrient content and biomass of aboveground annual production, and nutrient content of total aboveground biomass, of 14-year-old assemblages of plants developing on harvested white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) sites were estimated by vegetation harvesting and compared with values previously measured in mature white spruce stands. The aboveground biomass production of 14-year-old regenerating trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) clumps was 3 times higher than the aboveground production of mature white spruce stands, while the aboveground production of other regenerating communities was lower or equivalent to the production of mature white spruce. However, the nutrient content of aboveground current biomass was greater in all regenerating communities than in mature white spruce stands, except on regenerating sites where the forest floor was absent. The amount of nutrient incorporated in current aboveground biomass was 5 times greater in trembling aspen clumps than in mature white spruce stands. Furthermore, the total N, P, and K content of aboveground vegetation corresponded, in 14-year-old trembling aspen clumps, to a value that ranged from 50 to 109% of the amount found in the aboveground biomass of mature white spruce forests, while this value ranged from 4 to 14% on other regeneration types. Trembling aspen and balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.) both showed the greatest concentrations of N and P in foliar litter fall. These observations suggest that the development of a trembling aspen clump after clear-cutting contributes to the acceleration of nutrient cycling. On the other hand, the development of herbaceous communities during the same period after clear-cutting was accompanied by much lower nutrient cycling rates in the aboveground portion of the vegetation.

Croissance en hauteur à long terme de la régénération préétablie dans des pessières noires boréales régénérées par marcottage, au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
René Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Effective Age ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
To Come

Height-growth patterns of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) in the boreal forest were studied in layer-origin stands released by clear-cutting in the first half of this century. Most stems responded to release brought about by clear-cutting of the main stand. Initially, small stems responded more rapidly and more strongly, but their height-growth rate culminated between 20 and 30 years following release, the same period when height-growth rate culminated for the taller, older stems. After the culmination period, growth rates were independent of height at the time of release. Consequently, the taller stems at time of release were able to maintain their dominant position. Height growth over the recent years indicates that this position could be maintained in the years to come, and even indefinitely. It seems that second-growth black spruce stands behave like even-aged stands despite their uneven-aged structure. Consequently, years since release and stem height are more accurate measures of stem effective age than total age. Moreover, the taller stems in the understory, which are usually considerably older, should be considered to be as valuable as smaller regeneration when a stand is cut.

Growth, morphology, and gas exchange in white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings acclimated to different humidity conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J Roberts ◽  
Janusz J Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Net Assimilation

The study examined the effects of different relative humidity conditions at germination, early growth, and following cold storage on morphological and physiological characteristics of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings. Seedlings that were grown for 18 weeks following seed germination at the lower, 30% RH (RHinitial) treatments were shorter and had smaller stem diameters, shorter needles with more epicuticular wax, and a greater density of needles per centimetre stem, compared with the 80% RHinitial seedlings. After 18 weeks of growth under 30, 50, and 80% RH, the seedlings were hardened off, stored for 8 weeks at 3°C and planted in pots in growth chambers under 42 and 74% relative humidity (RHsubsequent). Under 74% RHsubsequent conditions, the lower RHinitial seedlings flushed sooner and had higher growth rates compared with the higher RHinitial seedlings. When the higher RHinitial seedlings were placed under 42% RHsubsequent conditions, their bud flush was delayed, and subsequent growth rates were lower compared with the lower RHinitial seedlings. When measured at 40% RH, seedlings subjected to lower RHinitial had higher net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance compared with the seedlings acclimated to higher RHinitial humidity. It was concluded that the humidity conditions present during early seedling growth following germination significantly affect their morphological and physiological characteristics during the second growth season.

Variation in response to declining photoperiod among families and stands of white spruce in southeastern Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard ◽  
C. C. Ying
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Free Growth

Newly germinated seedlings of 66 open-pollinated white spruce Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss families from 11 native stands in southeastern Ontario were investigated for responses to declining photoperiod under controlled environments. Amount of height increment (free growth) during a period of declining photoperiod was studied. Variation in duration of free growth was found mostly associated with the family-within-stand component. The stand effect was negligible and decreased as seedlings aged. Lack of stand differentiation suggests that white spruce stands in. southeastern Ontario may have originated from the same base population. High genetic variation at the family level may reflect an adaptive strategy to cope with the extremely variable local climate.

Retention patch size and conservation of saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stands

2015 ◽  
Vol 358 ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Il Lee ◽  
John R. Spence ◽  
David W. Langor ◽  
Jaime Pinzon
Keyword(s):  
Patch Size ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals A NEW APPROACH TO THE NORTHERN SPRUCE REGENERATION PROBLEM

1954 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Normal Concentration ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Intensive Work

Lack of reproduction of black spruce, Picea mariana, in pure black spruce stands in old cut-over areas, has always been a great subject of discussion and one for intensive work among foresters. Many reasons such as the absence of an adequate seed supply stored on top of humus, or adverse germination conditions are said to be partly responsible.This study on the humus of this unregenerated cut-over area, indicates clear cutting of this stand will influence the normal concentration of definite micro-nutrients such as manganese and magnesium.The augmentation of manganese in the soil has a detrimental effect on the growth of plants when, its concentration is too high. The diminution of magnesium, which is an element necessary to stimulate the growth, must create abnormal nutritive conditions of the habitat. This visible lack of equilibrium might be the cause of the absence of seedlings of Picea mariana on certain parts of this cut-over area.

Distribution of white spruce lateral fine roots as affected by the presence of trembling aspen: root mapping using simple sequence repeat DNA profiling

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Joseph Lawrence ◽  
N. Luckai ◽  
W.L. Meyer ◽  
C. Shahi ◽  
A.J. Fazekas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Repeat Dna ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Dna ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

Mixedwood forests of white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) may possess ecological advantages over monospecific white spruce stands. Belowground competition may be reduced through vertically stratified roots; facilitation of growth may occur in upper soil layers through nutrient-rich trembling aspen litterfall. These effects may incentivize white spruce to preferentially exploit upper soil layers in mixedwood stands, resulting in wider root systems. This research contrasted white spruce fine root (diameter <2 mm) distributions in organic layers of white spruce and mixedwood stands. Research occurred at the Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project site in northwestern Ontario. Eighteen plots represented mixedwood and pure white spruce stands. Trees were mapped; foliage and root samples were collected. Roots were separated by species and scanned to determine length. Simple sequence repeat DNA profiles were determined for all white spruce trees and for 45 white spruce root fragments per plot. Root and tree DNA profiles were matched; corresponding distances were calculated. Most (80%) root fragments were within 3.2 m of tree stems. Root prevalence decreased rapidly with distance. Organic layer pH was significantly less acidic in mixedwood plots, but only in one block. A subtle significant trend towards wider root distributions occurred in mixedwood stands.

Are mixtures of aspen and white spruce more productive than single species stands?

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Boreal Mixedwoods

In boreal mixedwood forests, aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca) commonly grow in mixture. These species may avoid competition through differential shade tolerance, physical separation of canopies, phenological differences, successional separation, and differences in soil resource utilization. Aspen may also be able to positively affect the growth of white spruce by improving litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates, controlling grass and shrub competition, ameliorating environmental extremes, and reducing pest attack. These positive relationships likely make mixed-species stands more productive than pure stands of the same species. The evidence regarding the productivity of pure versus mixed aspen/white spruce stands in natural unmanaged forests is examined in this paper. Key words: Tree mixture; productivity; boreal mixedwoods; aspen; white spruce

Communities of soil mites (Acarina) in planted birch stands compared with natural forests in central Finland

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veikko Huhta ◽  
Ritva Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Soil Mite ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Mite Communities

The aim of the study was to compare the soil mite communities in anthropogenous birch stands of different origin with each other and with natural forests at the same latitude. Nine sites were investigated: three birch stands (Betula pendula Roth) planted ca. 30 years prior to the study after clear-cutting of spruce stands ("birch after spruce"), three birch stands planted ca. 30 years earlier on arable soil that had been under cultivation until reforestation ("birch after field"), and three natural deciduous forests. These were sampled twice, and microarthropods were extracted, counted, and identified. There were clear differences between birch stands established after spruce forest and after cultivation and between these and natural deciduous forests. The communities of birch after spruce were rather similar to those of natural spruce forests, but the population densities were lower. The populations in birch after field were generally very low. There were also conspicuous differences among replicates of the same kind of forests. All the dominant species in the study sites are common members of the forest soil fauna. The communities of birch after field could be characterized as impoverished forest communities. Soil pH and the removal of the litter layer by earthworms were regarded as the most important factors explaining the observed differences.

SCOLYTID FLIGHT IN WHITE SPRUCE STANDS IN ALASKA

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Dryocoetes Affaber ◽  
Spruce Stands

AbstractWithin white spruce stands near Fairbanks, Alaska, and on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, Dendroctonus rufipennis, Ips spp., and Trypodendron lineatum disperse in late May and early June; other scolytids fly during June and July. Flight in interior Alaska precedes by about 2 weeks that on the Kenai Peninsula. Mean daily temperatures during spring and early summer are generally warmer in the interior than in coastal areas. There was a large increase in the total number of beetles in a thinned area, mostly of Dryocoetes affaber.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document