scholarly journals Temporal sporulation of Thekopsora areolata and Chrysomyxa spp. in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 119557
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Leena Aarnio ◽  
Jouni Karhu ◽  
Tiina Ylioja
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchards

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Diversity in Naturally Regenerated Norway Spruce Stands and Seed Orchard Progeny Trials

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainis Ruņģis ◽  
Solveiga Luguza ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Vilnis Šķipars ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Environmental Events

Forest ecosystems in Europe are expected to experience changes in temperature and water regimes associated with increased risks of extreme environmental events and disasters. Genetic diversity and relatedness has been linked to resilience of forest stands and landscapes. Genetic diversity indicators were compared between a Norway spruce population naturally regenerated after extensive windthrow and Norway spruce progeny populations derived from two seed orchards. In addition, genetic diversity in an undisturbed stand in a long established national park and a spruce genetic resource stand were analyzed. Populations were genotyped at 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Average genetic diversity indicators were similar across populations. However, the total number of alleles, average number of alleles over all loci, effective number of alleles, average gene diversity, and average allelic richness were highest in the naturally regenerated population and lowest in one of the seed orchard progeny populations. The genetic diversity in progeny from seed orchards used for stand renewal is comparable to the genetic diversity in naturally regenerated stands. However, fluctuations in seed production between years can have a large impact on genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny. The use of improved Norway spruce germplasm deployed via clonal seed orchards for forest renewal can maintain similar levels of genetic diversity compared to naturally regenerated stands, while also increasing production and timber quality.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Norway spruce (Picea abies) clonal seed orchards and seed stands

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12575
Author(s):  
Elena CIOCÎRLAN ◽  
Neculae ȘOFLETEA ◽  
Georgeta MIHAI ◽  
Maria TEODOSIU ◽  
Alexandru L. CURTU
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Planted Tree

Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. is the most important conifer species in Romania and the most planted tree species in the Carpathian Mountains. Here we compare the genetic diversity of four Norway spruce clonal seed orchards and two seed stands located in the Eastern Carpathians. A set of highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers was used. The analysis of genotypic identity of ramets for each Norway spruce clone in all seed orchards indicated that nearly all sampled ramets (97%) were genetically identical. The genetic diversity in seed orchards (He=0.700) was slightly smaller compared to the seed stands (He=0.718). Allelic richness was higher in seed stands (10.874), compared to clonal seed orchards (8.941). The Bayesian analysis indicated a genetic structure with two clusters, one corresponding to the clonal seed orchards and a second one consisting of the two seed stands. Our results provide valuable information for the management of Norway spruce seed orchards in Romania.

scholarly journals Naohidemyces vaccinii sporulates on wild species of ground flora in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards but Thekopsora areolata does not on other species than Prunus

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Leena Aarnio ◽  
Tiina Ylioja ◽  
Jouni Karhu
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum ◽  
Ground Flora

Thekopsora areolata Picea abies Picea T. areolata T. areolata Vaccinium myrtillus V. vitis-idaea Empetrum nigrum Calluna vulgaris Thekopsora areolata Thekopsora 2 T. areolata V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea Naohidemyces vaccinii Vaccinium T. areolata Prunus

scholarly journals Temperature range for germination of Thekopsora areolata aeciospores from Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Jouni Karhu
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Economical Losses

Cherry-spruce rust caused by (Fr.) Magnus is a serious cone pathogen of Norway spruce [ (L.) Karst.]. The rust causes great economical losses in seed orchards specialized in the production of high quality seeds. Germination range of aeciospores from rust populations (spore sources) in seven Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards was tested on water agar and malt agar at nine temperatures varying between 6–30 °C. The temperature range of spore germination was high varying between 6 °C and 27 °C, while germination was retarded at 30 °C. The peak in germination rate of all spore sources occurred between 15–24 °C. In a model with fixed effects of agar media, temperature and spore source, temperature had the most significant effect on germination. Spore source had a less significant effect, while agar media had a non-significant effect on germination. The rust was able to germinate at low temperatures corresponding to temperatures when the thermal growing season starts at 5 °C in the spring. As spores from cones from both the spruce canopy and the ground showed very similar germination ranges, it indicated the great capacity of all spores of the rust to germinate early in the spring. Hot temperatures with over 30 °C drastically reduced germination of the rust.Thekopsora areolataPicea abiesT. areolata

scholarly journals Assessment of the potential of Norway-spruce-seed-orchard associated plants to serve as alternate hosts of Thekopsora areolata

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Tuomas Kauppila ◽  
Jarkko Hantula
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

The alternate host range of cherry-spruce rust is poorly studied although such information could be important in protecting spruce seed orchards from infections. Pathogenicity of cherry-spruce rust, (Fr.) Magnus, was investigated on potential alternate host species in a greenhouse and in a laboratory in Finland. Five common species of Ericaceae, L., L., L., L. and (L.) Spreng, were inoculated in the greenhouse using aeciospores from seven Norway spruce [ (L.) H. Karst.] seed orchards suffering from in 2018. In addition, young detached leaves of spp. and 17 other plant species of ground vegetation from eight Norway spruce seed orchards were inoculated with aeciospores from six seed orchards in the laboratory in 2019. Also, young leaves of L. trees growing within the seed orchards or close to them were inoculated as controls. None of the inoculated leaves of the potential alternate hosts formed uredinia either in the greenhouse or in the laboratory. In contrast, leaves of from the seed orchards were infected by the six spore sources from six seed orchards and produced uredinia. As spores were able to infect only , but not the other tested species belonging to ground flora, it was concluded that disperses only via spp. in Finnish seed orchards.Thekopsora areolataVaccinium myrtillusV. uliginosumV. vitis-idaeaEmpetrum nigrumArctostaphylos uva-ursiPicea abiesT. areolataVacciniumPrunus padusP. padusT. areolataP. padusT. areolataPrunus

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