Coping with food crises: Lessons from the American Dust Bowl on balancing local food, agro technology, social welfare, and government regulation agendas in food and farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D.G. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Dust Bowl

scholarly journals Capacity Choice and Government Regulation in a Vertical Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-524
Author(s):  
Junlong Chen ◽  
Yajie Wang ◽  
Jiali Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Excess Capacity ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capacity Choice ◽  
The Government

This paper sets up an industry competition model consisting of two upstream enterprises and two downstream enterprises. Then we rely on the model to explore how non-regulation and different regulatory policies (maximizing the total profits of the upstream enterprises, the social welfare of the upstream industry or the overall social welfare) affect the following factors: the excess capacity, enterprise profits, consumer surpluses, social welfare in the upstream and downstream enterprises and the overall social welfare. The following conclusions are drawn from our research. First, whether and how the government regulates the capacity choice greatly affect the equilibrium outcomes, as well as the welfare distribution among the upstream enterprises, downstream enterprises, and consumers. The specific effects are dependent on market demand and enterprise cost. Second, the government should formulate its regulatory policies on capacity choice based on the overall social welfare of the entire supply chain. If the government aims to maximize the profits of the upstream enterprises, the social welfare of the downstream industry will be negatively affected. Third, excess capacity does not necessarily suppress social welfare. Under certain conditions, the worst scenario of excess capacity may occur under the pursuit of the maximal overall social welfare. Excess capacity may arise from various causes, rather than market competition or government regulation alone. Excess capacity cannot be attributed solely to government failure. These conclusions have some significance for optimizing capacity regulation policies.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENDIDIKAN LANJUT USIA KOMPLEK PERUMAHAN CENDANA KELURAHAN ANDALAS KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Murlis Murlis
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The social welfare of the elderly is an action as an effort to fulfill the needs of the community, especially the elderly who are unable to carry out their social functions, namely by providing assistance and sponsorship services. Thus, it is hoped that the elderly can improve their welfare so that they can live properly. According to Government Regulation Number 43 of 2004, what is meant by efforts to improve the social welfare of the elderly is a series of activities carried out in a coordinated manner between the government and the community to empower the elderly so that the elderly can continue to carry out their social functions and play an active role naturally in the life of the community, nation and state. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 1998 concerning the Welfare of the Elderly states that efforts to improve the social welfare of the elderly are carried out on the basis of faith and devotion to God Almighty. Efforts to improve social welfare are aimed at extending the life expectancy and productive period, creating independence and welfare, maintaining the cultural value system and kinship of the Indonesian nation, and getting closer to God Almighty.

scholarly journals A collaborative approach to COVID-19 response: The Center for Environmental Farming Systems community-based food system initiatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shorlette Ammons ◽  
Sarah Blacklin ◽  
Dara Bloom ◽  
Shironda Brown ◽  
Marcello Cappellazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Local Food Systems ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Structural Inequities

The Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS) has spent the past two decades developing local food systems to support communities and increase resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how existing structural inequities, primarily along racial lines, are exacerbated. It has also shown the value of community-based food systems work that helps communities network, sharing valuable resources and funding to respond to the ongoing crisis. In this article, we document how CEFS’ community-based food systems initiatives are responding to the pandemic. Some of CEFS programs are community-based, working with food policy councils, offering racial equity trainings, networking schools and early care and education sites, and supporting youth convenings and internships. Others are focused on production and supply chains for meat, seafood, and produce in order to develop stronger local food systems. Through­out the work of all of CEFS’ community-based food systems initiatives in response to the pandemic, we have learned that our past efforts have increased local food systems resilience. We also note the impor­tance of flexible funders who allowed grant dollars to be reallocated to community partners to address urgent needs. We have found that online programming has increased participation and access to resources. Finally, we have been inspired by the creativity, flexibility, and adaptability of our community partners, and we are energized to continue to support them while also offering the resources we have developed to a broader audience.

Globalization and Cross-Cultural Judgments

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-196
Author(s):  
Hilde Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Issues

The chapter opens with an explanation of why feminists need to pay attention to global issues. It begins with a description of the Southern “debt” and offers a critical explanation of neoliberalism’s four doctrines: free trade, opposition to government regulation, refusal of responsibility for social welfare, and privatization of resources. This is followed by a look at three kinds of work that have been globalized and primarily involve women: domestic work, nursing, and sex work. The chapter concludes with a discussion of cross-cultural judgments.

The Effects of a Government’s Subsidy Program: Accessibility Beyond Affordability

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3211-3233
Author(s):  
Ping Xiao ◽  
Ruli Xiao ◽  
Yitian (Sky) Liang ◽  
Xinlei (Jack) Chen ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Rural consumers may face not only the challenge of affordability but also the problem of limited accessibility. Can a government’s subsidy program effectively address these issues? This paper examines the impact of a large-scale subsidy program, “Household electrical appliances going to the countryside,” offered by the Chinese government. The government regulation imposes a price subsidy combined with a price ceiling on products in the program. We consider two effects of the subsidy: the retail price is lowered to make the product more affordable to consumers, and manufacturers are encouraged to expand their distribution coverage to make products more accessible to consumers. We build a dynamic model of oligopoly to study how firms adjust their distribution coverage. Conditional on the model estimates, we evaluate the program’s effects on social welfare, consumer surplus, and firms’ market performance and marketing channel decisions through counterfactual analyses. We find that the subsidy program increases social welfare by CNY 0.209 billion, as a result of a subsidy expense of CNY 0.236 billion. When breaking down the impact, we find it increases consumer surplus by CNY 0.184 billion (50%), manufacturers’ profits by CNY 0.125 billion (53%), and manufacturers’ payoffs by CNY 2.5 million (17%). Specifically, 14% (13.2%) of the consumer surplus (firm profit) increases are from changes in distribution coverage, and the rest is from the subsidy (price changes). The program’s return of investment (i.e., social welfare minus subsidy expense), which is negative, however, could be improved by applying a relatively lower subsidy rate. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.

scholarly journals Contribution of periurban farming systems to local food systems: a systemic innovation perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Rosalia Filippini ◽  
Elisa Marraccini ◽  
Sylvie Lardon
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Local Food Systems ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Systemic Innovation ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

The debate on food security has highlighted the connection between periurban farming systems (PFS) and local food systems (LFS) for academic research. Several researchers have called for in-depth analysis of the participation and impact of farmers in LFS, and the systemic innovation perspective can provide relevant analysis of the sustainability of this agro-food system. The objective of the current study is to investigate the integration of PFS into LFS from the systemic innovation perspective, by analysing systemic failures and merits that hinder or promote the contribution of PFS to LFS for farmers and commercial actors. The case study is the LFS of the urban Pisa region in central Italy. Results show that farmers there are adapting to urban pressure, which improves the sustainability of their farming practices. At the same time, commercial actors have a commercial opportunity to include local farmers in their economic strategy. Nevertheless, individual initiatives must be coordinated to support the sustainability of both LFS and PFS. This study thus developed an innovative method to identify systemic failures and merits for farmers and commercial actors to address sustainability strategies at the territorial level.

scholarly journals Civic agriculture in review: Then, now, and future directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Allison Kaika ◽  
Alexis Racelis
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Food Systems ◽  
Civic Agriculture ◽  
Community Theory ◽  
Civic Community

“Civic agriculture,” a term first coined by rural sociologist Thomas Lyson, refers to forms of agriculture that occur on a local level, from production to consumption, and are linked to a community’s social and economic development. Sixteen years since its original articulation, the term “civic agriculture” has taken on greater significance in research, political activism, and community organizing. Grown from the roots of civic community theory, civic agriculture functions as a new branch of civic community theory that is ripe for theorization. In revisiting the foundations of the term, this review paper seeks to consolidate current and future research in the field of civic agriculture with a focus on its link to social welfare. This begins by reviewing the foundations of civic community theory and discussing how they influence research related to civic agriculture. As we report in this paper, there remain considerable gaps in understanding of how civic agriculture can be fomented by—or is related to—indicators such as demographics, concentration of power, community cohesion, and civic engagement. Consequently, the assumed links between local food systems and social welfare must continue to be studied to determine correlation and causality. This understanding is particularly important during this time of global pandemic, when the flaws and inequities of global supply chains are exposed and where, in many cases, civic agriculture met the increasing interest in local food. The COVID-19 pandemic has amply demonstrated the fragility and instability of global food supply chains, making the need for local food systems more significant and more relevant to communities across the world.

scholarly journals Quality Labels as Drivers of Peri-Urban Livestock Systems Resilience

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Rosalia Filippini ◽  
Sabine Gennai-Schott ◽  
Tiziana Sabbatini ◽  
Sylvie Lardon ◽  
Elisa Marraccini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Farming System

Livestock farming systems have an important role in the territorial systems of the Mediterranean, but in the last twenty years the sector has undergone serious changes with an important decrease in the number of farms. The purpose of this study is to show the contribution of a local food certification to the resilience of peri-urban livestock farming system and of its food supply chain at territorial level. The focus is on the “Carne Bovina di Pisa” project, a private label promoted by the local livestock producers’ association, with the purpose of preserving biodiversity and provide farmers with an opportunity to strengthen their local marketing power. The case study is the peri-urban area of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), representative of the urbanized Mediterranean coastal plains with high urban pressure on agricultural land and increasing agricultural abandonment in the peri-urban area. The analysis is based on the qualitative analysis of interviews to stakeholders and the quantitative figures about the changes in livestock system. Results show that the label has positively sustained both the resilience of farming systems and the local food supply chains.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of The Juvenile Criminal Justice System and The Giving of Diversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Muhaimin Muhaimin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Law

Children are not to be punished but to be given guidance and development, so that they grow and develop as completely normal, healthy and intelligent children. Sometimes children experience situations that make them commit illegal acts. Even so, children who break the law are not worthy of punishment, let alone put in prison. Law Number 11 Year 2012 concerning Juvenile Criminal Justice System demands a reorientation of the purpose of punishment which has an impact on the operation of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The formulation of the objectives of restorative justice and diversion mechanisms which are recognized as mechanisms for handling crimes committed by children demands that the performance of the criminal justice sub-system change its orientation. The problem of this research was how the construction and reconstruction of the giving of diversion are. This research used descriptive analysis method and normative juridical approach. Children are part of citizens who must be protected as a generation to continue the leadership of the Indonesian nation. The current ideal construction for children who are in conflict with the law applies the Law of Juvenile Justice System where children aged 7 years can be given diversion in the trial process. Article 21 of the Law of Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Government Regulation No. 65 Year 2015 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Diversion, children under 12 years of age who commit/are suspected of committing a criminal act shall then be returned to their parents and include them in education, coaching, and mentoring programs in government institutions or Social Welfare Organizing Institutions in institutions in charge of social welfare.

scholarly journals Sanksi Kebiri Kimia Bagi Pemerkosa Anak perspektif Mashlahah Mursalah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-510
Author(s):  
Mashlahatul Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Abstract: This article analyses castration as punishment for underage rage from the perspective mashlahah mursalah. Chemical castration is introduced as one of punishment in rape with the victimof underage children based on article 81 of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2016. The Law was issued due to frequent occurrence of this kind of rape. The punishment was made severe to deter from its occurrence. Castration is in fact useful in preventing the vice. It has fulfilled requirements of mashlahah mursalah. Castration in the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2016 is subsidiary punishment. Cemichal castration in this punishment does not have permanent effect and applied only for certain offender and in application it is applied after undergoing main punishment coupled with rehabilitation under supervision of related government agencies, namely ministry of Law and human rights,ministry of social welfare and ministry ofhelath. By doing so, human rights remains protected and society will deemit useful Keywords: chemical castration, rape, mashlahah mursalah. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang analisis mashlahah mursalah terhadap kebiri kimia bagi pemerkosa anak. Adanya kebiri kimia dalam pidana pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur berdasarkan Pasal 81 Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2016. Hal tersebut disebabkan maraknya tindak kekerasan seksual terhadap anak, dan ancaman hukuman yang dimuat dalam Pasal 81 UU No. 35 Tahun 2014 belum menimbulkan efek jera kepada pelaku kekerasan seksual. Hukuman kebiri ini mengandung sebuah manfaat sebagaimana syarat-syarat mashlahah mursalah. Hukuman kebiri dalam Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2016 bersifat sebagai hukuman tambahan, tidak bersifat permanen, hanya diperuntukkan bagi pelaku yang masuk dalamkategori Pasal 76 D UU No. 35 Tahun 2014, dikecualikan bagi pelaku anak dan dalam pelaksanaanya dilakukan setelah pelaku menjalani pidana pokok dengan dibarengi adanya rehabiltasi di bawah pengawasan kementrian hukum, kementrian sosial dan kementrian kesehatan sehingga tidak menghapuskan hak asasi manusia dan adanya penambahan hukuman ini dapat menimbulkan suatu kemanfaatan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Kebiri kimia, pemerkosaan, mashlahah mursalah.

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