Effects of homeopathy in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

Homeopathy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Mônica Caroline de Oliveira Campos ◽  
Heitor Miraglia Herrera ◽  
Leoni Villano Bonamin ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of homeopathic treatment on mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.Methods: Eighty adult male C57BL/6 inbred mice were randomly allocated to five groups treated with biotherapy (nosode) of T. cruzi 12dH (12×) pre- and post-infection; Phosphorus 12dH post-infection; infected control treated with control solution and uninfected control. The biotherapy was prepared by the Costa method from the blood of mice experimentally infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. Phosphorus was used because of its clinical and reportorial similarity to Chagas disease. T. cruzi (104) sanguineous forms were inoculated intraperitoneally per animal. Parasitaemia was monitored, leukocyte and serological responses were evaluated at 0, 7, 14 and 42 days after infection. The prepatent and patent periods of parasitaemia, maximum of parasitaemia, day of maximum parasitaemia and mortality rates were compared between groups.Results: A significantly shorter period of patent parasitaemia was observed in the group treated with the biotherapy before infection (p < 0.05) than in the other groups. This group also had the lowest parasitaemias values at 9, 13, 15 (p < 0.05), 17 (p < 0.05), 22, 24 and 28 days, a lower rate of mortality and a significant increase of lymphocytes compared to the infected control group. The Phosphorus group had the longest period of patent parasitaemia, higher maximum parasitaemia, and a significant reduction of lymphocyte numbers, but no mortality. The infected control group had the highest mortality rate (not statistically significant), and the highest IgG titres at 42 days post-infection (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggest that pre-treatment with biotherapy modulates host immune response to T. cruzi, mainly during the acute phase of the infection. Phosphorus shows an action on the pathogenicity by T. cruzi infection. Homeopathic treatment of T. cruzi infection should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome agravates cardiovascular, oxidative and inflammatory dysfunction during the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fernando Cruz Lucchetti ◽  
Natalia Boaretto ◽  
Fernanda Novi Cortegoso Lopes ◽  
Aparecida Donizette Malvezi ◽  
Maria Isabel Lovo-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Cruzi Infection

AbstractWe evaluated the influence of metabolic syndrome (MS) on acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Obese Swiss mice, 70 days of age, were subjected to intraperitoneal infection with 5 × 102 trypomastigotes of the Y strain. Cardiovascular, oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters were evaluated in infected and non-infected mice. We observed higher parasitaemia in the infected obese group (IOG) than in the infected control group (ICG) 13 and 15 days post-infection. All IOG animals died by 19 days post-infection (dpi), whereas 87.5% of the ICG survived to 30 days. Increased plasma nitrite levels in adipose tissue and the aorta were observed in the IOG. Higher INF-γ and MCP-1 concentrations and lower IL-10 concentrations were observed in the IOG compared to those in the ICG. Decreased insulin sensitivity was observed in obese animals, which was accentuated after infection. Higher parasitic loads were found in adipose and hepatic tissue, and increases in oxidative stress in cardiac, hepatic, and adipose tissues were characteristics of the IOG group. Thus, MS exacerbates experimental Chagas disease, resulting in greater damage and decreased survival in infected animals, and might be a warning sign that MS can influence other pathologies.

Differential immune responses in mice infected with the tissue-dwelling nematode Trichinella zimbabwensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Onkoba ◽  
M.J. Chimbari ◽  
J.M. Kamau ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Th1 And Th2

AbstractTo improve diagnostic tools, immunotherapies and vaccine development for trichinellosis surveillance and control there is a need to understand the host immune responses induced during infection with Trichinella zimbabwensis, a tissue-dwelling nematode. In this study, we sought to determine immune responses induced in mice during T. zimbabwensis infection. The parasite strain used (Code ISS1209) was derived from a naturally infected crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and is the main Trichinella species prevalent in southern Africa. Sixty 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to two equal groups: T. zimbabwensis-infected (n= 30) and the non-infected control group (n= 30). Levels of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4) as well as parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody responses were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cytokines and antibodies provided information on T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type, T-regulatory and antibody responses. Results showed that during the intestinal stage of infection, higher levels of parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1 (P <  0.05) and IL-10 and TNF-α (P <  0.001) were observed in the Trichinella-infected group compared with the non-infected control group. In the parasite establishment and tissue migration phases, levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were elevated (P <  0.001), while those of IgM (P <  0.01) declined on days 21 and 35 post infection (pi) compared to the enteric phase. Our findings show that distinct differences in Th1- and Th2-type and T-regulatory responses are induced during the intestinal, tissue migration and larval establishment stages of T. zimbabwensis infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the immune response to CRA and FRA recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in C57BL/6 mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira ◽  
Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena ◽  
Mineo Nakazawa ◽  
Ana Paula Galvão da Silva ◽  
Ulisses Montarroyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in 44 C57BL/6 mice immunized with the Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant antigens CRA and FRA. Both antigens induced cutaneous immediate-type hypersensitivity response. The levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 were high in CRA immunized mice. IgG3 was the predominant isotype. Although no difference in antibody levels was observed in FRA-immunized mice when compared to control mice, both antigens were able to induce lymphoproliferation in immunized mice. Significant differences were observed between incorporation of [³H]- thymidine by spleen cell stimulated in vitro with CRA or FRA and the control group. These results suggest that CRA and FRA could be involved in mechanisms of resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of seven diagnostic tests to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection in patients in chronic phase of Chagas disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Duarte ◽  
Oscar Roberto Flórez ◽  
Giovanna Rincón ◽  
Clara Isabel González
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of seven methods to determine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Methods: Analytical study, using the case-control design, which included 205 people (patients with Chagasic cardiomyopathy, n= 100; control group, n= 105). Three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, one indirect hemagglutination assay and one immunochromatographic test were assessed. Additionally, DNA amplification was performed via the PCR method using kinetoplast and nuclear DNA as target sequences. For the comparative analysis of diagnostic tests, the parameters used were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC), positive and negative likelihood ratio, as well as κ quality analysis. Results: The commercial Bioelisa Chagas test showed the highest sensitivity (98%), specificity (100%), and positive and negative predictive values; additionally it had the highest discriminatory power. Otherwise, the amplification of T. cruzi DNA in blood samples showed low values of sensitivity (kinetoplast DNA= 51%, nuclear DNA= 22%), but high values of specificity (100%), and moderate to low discriminatory ability. Conclusion: The comparative analysis among the different methods suggests that the diagnostic strategy of T. cruzi infection in patients with chronic Chagas disease can be performed using ELISA assays based on recombinant proteins and/or synthetic peptides, which show higher diagnosis performance and can confirm and exclude the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. The molecular methods show poor performance when used in the diagnosis of patients with chronic Chagas disease.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a multivalent vaccine against Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Zafra ◽  
Leandro Buffoni ◽  
Raúl Pérez-Caballero ◽  
Verónica Molina-Hernández ◽  
María T. Ruiz-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Vaccination Trial ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Group 1

AbstractIn this work we report the protection found in a vaccination trial performed in sheep with two different vaccines composed each one by a cocktail of antigens (rCL1, rPrx, rHDM and rLAP) formulated in two different adjuvants (Montanide ISA 61 VG (G1) and Alhydrogel®(G2)). The parameters of protection tested were fluke burden, faecal egg count and evaluation of hepatic lesions. In vaccinated group 1 we found a significant decrease in fluke burden in comparison to both unimmunised and infected control group (37.2%; p = 0.002) and to vaccinated group 2 (Alhydrogel®) (27.08%; p = 0.016). The lower fluke burden found in G1 was accompanied by a decrease in egg output of 28.71% in comparison with the infected control group. Additionally, gross hepatic lesions found in vaccine 1 group showed a significant decrease (p = 0.03) in comparison with unimmunised-infected group. The serological study showed the highest level for both IgG1 and IgG2 in animals from group 1. All these data support the hypothesis of protection found in vaccine 1 group.

scholarly journals Diclazuril-Induced Expression of CDK-Related Kinase 2 in the Second-Generation Merozoites of Eimeria Tenella

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bian-hua Zhou ◽  
Hai-yan Ding ◽  
Jing-yun Yang ◽  
Jun Chai ◽  
Hong-wei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Abstract Background：Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella infection, directly or indirectly leads to great loss to poultry industry. With the emergence of drug-resistance in chicken coccidia, it is imperative to develop new drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression in numerous organisms by acting as key molecular switches. Results: In the present study, a diclazuril anticoccidiosis animal model was established and CDK-related kinase 2 (CRK2) in the second-generation merozoite of E. tenella (EtCRK2) gene was amplified through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). Purified recombinant protein was used for antiserum preparation. Subsequently, EtCRK2 transcription and translation levels were detected through quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The localization of EtCRK2 in merozoites was examined via immunofluorescence techniques. Results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of EtCRK2 decreased in the infected/diclazuril group compared with those in the infected/control group. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis showed that EtCRK2 was localized in the cytoplasm of merozoites. The fluorescence intensity of EtCRK2 in the infected/diclazuril group was significantly weaker than that in the infected/control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the anticoccidial drug diclazuril against E. tenella by affecting the expression pattern of EtCRK2 molecule, and EtCRK2 may be used as a candidate target for new drug development.

Experimental and Bioinformatical Studies on Antimalarial drug Sulfadiazine

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zelai
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Infected Control Group

Background: Several computational tools assist in predicting the chemical properties, toxicity, solubility, and binding affinity of the drugs. Objective: The study aims to experimentally analyze the efficiency of the antimalarial drug “sulfadiazine” in a higher dose in contrast to its conventional use. Method: The antimalarial drug was screened, and its application was assessed on the host (mice). Results: The results showed that parasitemia of the infected control group was significantly higher than the others (P<0.0001) on days 3, 5, 7, and 9. The parasitemia of the IT+4 group was significantly lower than the parasitemia of the IT-4 group on the 15th day. Conclusion: It was concluded that increased potency for the antimalarials is because they are non-toxic.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an Oral Solution Prepared from the Ultrasonic Extract of Radix dichroae roots against Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ling Wang ◽  
Zhiting Guo ◽  
Zhenxing Gong ◽  
Jianping Cai ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Bloody Diarrhoea ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infected Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control

This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of the oral solution of the ultrasonic extract of Radix dichroae (UERD) and to provide experimental support for a safe clinical dose for anticoccidial treatment of broiler chickens. Radix dichroae root extracts were prepared using the ultrasonic extraction method. The anticoccidial activity of the oral solution prepared from the ultrasonic extract of Radix dichroae roots was tested in broiler chickens following oral infection with a field isolate of E. tenella. Ninety Lingnan yellow broiler chickens (14 days old) were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 10), including six UERD oral solution treatments (0.25, 0.50, 1.50, 2.50, 3.50, and 5.00%), a toltrazuril group (0.10%), an E. tenella-infected control group, and a healthy control group. All groups were inoculated orally with 7 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts (Guangdong strain) except for the healthy control group. The chickens in the seven drug-treated groups were administered a UERD oral solution or toltrazuril in drinking water for 7 days. The anticoccidial efficacy of the UERD oral solution was evaluated by the bloody diarrhoea severity level, relative body weight gain (rBWG), lesion score, oocyst per gram (OPG), and anticoccidial index (ACI). Compared with the infected control group, there were no significant differences in the groups treated with UERD oral solution or toltrazuril with regard to the lesion changes in the caecal regions (P>0.05); however, the blood contents, OPG, and oocyst score in three UERD oral solution treatment groups (0.50, 1.50, and 2.50%) were significantly reduced, and the bloody diarrhoea was also alleviated. The ACI in three UERD oral solution treatment groups (0.50%, ACI = 143.7; 1.50%, ACI = 151.0; and 2.50%, ACI = 144.3) was higher than that in the toltrazuril group (ACI = 127.0), and the rBWG in the 1.50% UERD oral solution treatment group (95.0%) was similar to that in the healthy control group (100%), which was also 12.5% higher than that in the toltrazuril group (82.5%). The findings of this study demonstrated that the UERD oral solution (0.50% ～ 2.50% dose range) showed better prevention, anticoccidial efficacy, and growth promotion effects than toltrazuril (0.10%), and the 1.50% dose level of UERD oral solution in water is the clinically recommended dose according to the present study conditions.

scholarly journals Neuronal counting and parasympathetic dysfunction in the hearts of chronically Trypanosoma cruzi - infected rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chapadeiro ◽  
R.F.C. Florêncio ◽  
P.C. Afonso ◽  
P.S.S. Beraldo ◽  
P.C. de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Parasympathetic Function ◽  
Parasympathetic Dysfunction

Ten male Wistar rats, chronically infected with Colombian, São Felipe (12SF) and Y strains of Trypanosoma cruzi and ten non-infected control animals were submitted to the bradycardia responsiveness test, an assessment of heart parasympathetic function, after phenylephrine injection. Six chagasic animals showed heart parasympathetic dysfuntion characterized by reduction in the index of bradycardia baroreflex responsiveness, as compared with the control group. Microscopic examination of the atrial heart ganglia of chagasic rats showed ganglionitis, but no statiscally significant reduction in the number of neurons.

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