Effect of prenatal loud music and noise on total number of neurons and glia, neuronal nuclear area and volume of chick brainstem auditory nuclei, field L and hippocampus: A stereological investigation

Summary The sequence of precursor lesions for squamous cell carcinoma may be hyperplasia-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to perform a karyometric analysis of squamous metaplasia, moderate dysplasia and squamous cell lung carcinoma. Bronchoscopic biopsies of normal mucosa in chronic bronchitis patients (n=10), squamous metaplasia (n=10), moderate dysplasia (n=11), squamous cell lung carcinoma (n=48), and normal appearing mucosa surrounding carcinoma (n=11) were retrieved. Three nuclear variables were estimated using an image analysis system. The mean equivalent diameter, nuclear area and volume of equivalent sphere of squamous cell lung carcinoma were significantly larger than in moderate dysplasia, squamous metaplasia and normal bronchial mucosa. Also, the values of equivalent diameter, nuclear area and volume of equivalent sphere were significantly larger in normal appearing mucosa surrounding carcinoma compared to normal mucosa in chronic bronchitis patients. Karyometric analysis may be a helpful ancillary tool in distinguishing squamous cell lung carcinoma from dysplasia, and dysplasia from squamous metaplasia in bronchoscopic biopsy specimens.

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For Those About to Rock

Perspectives on Public Health Issues Related to Hearing and Balance ◽

10.1044/hcoa13.1.29 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Jennifer Tufts

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Cultural Landscape ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽

Essential Information ◽

Informed Decisions ◽

Hearing Health ◽

Loud Music ◽

Protective Strategies

Loud music and noisy hobbies are part of our cultural landscape. These activities can be enjoyed with minimal risk to hearing if a few commonsense guidelines are followed. Educating clients about risks and protective strategies will empower them to make informed decisions about their hearing health that best reflect their values and priorities. In this article, the author covers essential information to avoiding noise-induced hearing loss, writing in easily accessible language to better help clinicians convey this information to their clients.

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3D reconstruction and calculation of surface area and volume of bell pepper

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/progress.3.2007.5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 89-113

Author(s):

Zoltán Gillay ◽

László Fenyvesi

Keyword(s):

3D Reconstruction ◽

Surface Area ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reference Method ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Acceptable Error ◽

Volume Calculation ◽

Bell Peppers ◽

Area And Volume

There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.

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Correlation Between DTI Findings and Volume of Corpus Callosum in Children with AUTISM

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405614666181005114315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 895-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hafize Otcu Temur ◽

Ismail Yurtsever ◽

Gozde Yesil ◽

Rasul Sharifov ◽

Fatih Temel Yilmaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Cortical Neurons ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Volume Measurements ◽

Adc Values ◽

Axonal Density ◽

Area And Volume

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in which neurological basis is largely unknown. The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the main commissure that connects the cerebral hemispheres. Previous evidence suggests the involvement of the CC in the pathophysiology of autism. Aim: The aim of our study is to assess whether there were any changes in Corpus Callosum (CC) area and volume and to reveal the relationship between Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) features in genu and splenium of corpus callosum in children with ASD. Methods: Eighteen patient and 15 controls were recruited. The volumetric sagittal TI images were used to provide measurements of midsagittal corpus callosum surface area while FA, MD, RD, and ADC values were extracted from genu and splenium of corpus callosum after which the correlation in the area and volume in ASD children was examined. Results: CC area and volume in children with ASD were decreased than controls. FA values obtained from the genu and splenum of CC were significantly lower and RD values were significantly higher. A positive correlation was observed between the FA of the genu and splenium and area and volume of the CC. There was a negative correlation between ADC, MD and RD of CC and area and volume measurements. Conclusion: The conclusions in the interrelations of morphometric and DTI data may demonstrate a likelihood of damages in the axons and cortical neurons. The results showed that there existed microstructural damages from the DTI findings. Furthermore, the decrease in FA could be a representation of the reduction in the myelination in nerve pathways, impaired integrity, reduced axonal density, and organization. Indeed, the changes in volumetric and microstructural of CC could be useful in evaluating underlying pathophysiology in children with autism.

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Observation-based selection of climate models projects Arctic ice-free summers around 2035

Communications Earth & Environment ◽

10.1038/s43247-021-00214-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Docquier ◽

Torben Koenigk

Keyword(s):

Model Selection ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Climate Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Arctic Sea Ice ◽

Global Climate Models ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Sea ◽

Area And Volume

AbstractArctic sea ice has been retreating at an accelerating pace over the past decades. Model projections show that the Arctic Ocean could be almost ice free in summer by the middle of this century. However, the uncertainties related to these projections are relatively large. Here we use 33 global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and select models that best capture the observed Arctic sea-ice area and volume and northward ocean heat transport to refine model projections of Arctic sea ice. This model selection leads to lower Arctic sea-ice area and volume relative to the multi-model mean without model selection and summer ice-free conditions could occur as early as around 2035. These results highlight a potential underestimation of future Arctic sea-ice loss when including all CMIP6 models.

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A Repeatable and Reproducible Digital Method to Quantify the Cement Excess and Enamel Loss after Debonding Lingual Multibracket Appliance Therapy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1295

Author(s):

Alba Belanche Monterde ◽

Alberto Albaladejo Martínez ◽

Alfonso Alvarado Lorenzo ◽

Adrián Curto ◽

Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Measurement Technique ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Dental Arch ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Morphometric Measurement ◽

Before And After ◽

Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽

Lingual Brackets ◽

Multibracket Appliance ◽

Area And Volume

The aim of the present study is to present a repeatable, reproductible, and accurate morphometric measurement method for measuring and quantifying the area and volume of cement that remains after fixed lingual multibracket appliance debonding, enamel loss after fixed lingual multibracket appliance debonding, and the volume of cement used to adhere fixed lingual multibracket appliances. Ten conventional lingual brackets were cemented in 10 extracted teeth embedded into an epoxy resin model simulating a dental arch. This model was scanned before and after bonding the lingual brackets, after debonding, and after polishing the surfaces. We also performed a Micro-Computed Tomography scan of the lingual brackets used. Afterward, the standard tessellation language (STL) digital file was aligned, each tooth was segmented individually, and the file was re-aligned using engineer morphometry software. Inter-operator and intra-operator comparative analyses were performed using the ANOVA test, and the repeatability and reproducibility of the morphometric measurement technique were analyzed using Gage R&R statistical analysis. Repeatability showed 0.07% and 0.16% variability associated with the area and volume measures, respectively, while reproducibility showed 0.00% variability associated with the area and volume measures, respectively. In conclusion, the morphometric measurement technique is a repeatable, reproductible, and accurate morphometric measurement method for quantifying the area and volume of cement that remains after fixed lingual multibracket appliance debonding, enamel loss after fixed lingual multibracket appliance debonding, and the volume of cement used to adhere fixed lingual multibracket appliances.

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Does Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Have a Long-Term Effect on Nasal and Upper Airway Dimensions?

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665620980234 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105566562098023

Author(s):

Ashwina S. Banari ◽

Sanjeev Datana ◽

Shiv Shankar Agarwal ◽

Sujit Kumar Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Upper Airway ◽

P Value ◽

Airway Patency ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Acoustic Pharyngometry ◽

Nasoalveolar Molding ◽

Area And Volume ◽

Group 1

Objectives: To compare nasal and upper airway dimensions in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who underwent nasoalveolar molding (NAM) with those without NAM during infancy using acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry. Materials and Methods: Eccovision acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry (Sleep Group Solutions) was used for assessment of mean area and volume of nasal and upper airway in patients with complete unilateral CLP (age range 16-21 years) treated with NAM (group 1, n = 19) versus without NAM (group 2, n = 22). Results: The mean nasal cross-sectional areas and volume were higher in group 1 compared to group 2 on both cleft ( P value <.001) and noncleft side ( P value >.05). The mean area and volume of upper airway were also significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 ( P value <.05). Conclusions: Nasoalveolar molding being one of the first interventions in chronology of treatment of patients with CLP, its long-term outcome on nasal and upper airway patency needs to be ascertained. The results of the present study show that the patients with CLP who have undergone NAM during infancy have better improvement in nasal and upper airway patency compared with those who had not undergone NAM procedure. The basic advantages of being noninvasive, nonionizing and providing dynamic assessment of nasal and upper airway patency make acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry a diagnostic tool of choice to be used in patients with CLP.

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Variations in water level, area and volume of Hongze Lake, China from 2003 to 2018

Journal of Great Lakes Research ◽

10.1016/j.jglr.2020.08.024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1511-1520

Author(s):

Yu Cai ◽

Chang-Qing Ke ◽

Xiaoyi Shen

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Hongze Lake ◽

Area And Volume

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CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE GONAD OF THE AMERICAN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA (GMELIN)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z64-029 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 305-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Austina V. Kennedy ◽

Helen I. Battle

Keyword(s):

Crassostrea Virginica ◽

Gonadal Development ◽

Germinal Epithelium ◽

Nuclear Area ◽

Seasonal Growth ◽

Body Width ◽

Visceral Mass ◽

Current Season ◽

Primary Oocyte ◽

Cyclic Changes

Cyclic changes in the gonad of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), a dioecious, oviparous lamellibranch, are described as they occurred toward the most northerly limit of the range, Malpeque Bay, P.E.I., Canada, during 1961 and 1962. The gonad, composed of right and left gonadal lobes lying immediately beneath the mantle, consists of extensively branched follicles comprising the outer margin of the visceral mass. The follicles open into peripherally located ducts which lead into paired gonoducts terminating in the suprabranchial chamber. During the fall and winter the germinal epithelium is in an indifferent or inactive state. The sex for the current season is distinguishable when proliferation commences in May. Maximum gonadal development occurs in late June or early July as determined by comparison of gonadal width to body width in mid-transverse sections. Primary oocytes are initially distinguishable from oogonia by the presence of a distinct nucleolus, and later by an amphinucleolus consisting of a plasmosome and a karyosome. Seasonal growth of the primary oocyte was followed by a planimetry method using measurements of total area and nuclear area from prepared sections. The spindle for the first meiotic division is established immediately on rupture of the oocyte from the follicular wall. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis are completed within the follicle. Following spawning, amoebocytes infiltrate the follicles and interfollicular connective tissue to phagocytize unspawned gametes. By late October the follicles of both male and female consist of a low germinal epithelium and a few unresorbed gametes, and remain inactive until proliferation the following spring.

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