Estimating Direct Economic Impacts of Severe Flood Events in Turkey (2015-2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102222
Author(s):  
Gamze Koç ◽  
Stephanie Natho ◽  
Annegret H. Thieken
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Severe Flood

scholarly journals Analysis of the Most Severe Flood Events in Turkey (1960–2014): Which Triggering Mechanisms and Aggravating Pathways Can be Identified?

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Gamze Koç ◽  
Theresia Petrow ◽  
Annegret Thieken
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Severe Flood ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms

The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960–2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.

Elaboration of Multi-Hazard Zoning and Qualitative Risk Maps of Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Siddique ◽  
Jochen Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Map ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Kashmir Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Zones ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Hazard Zoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Flood ◽  
2005 Kashmir Earthquake

Pakistan is situated in one of the highest seismic zones of the world, with the 1935 Quetta earthquake and the 2005 Kashmir earthquake as the most devastating earthquakes in the country. Pakistan has also recently suffered from severe flood events, in 2010 to 2012. Recent experiences in the above-mentioned events emphasize the need for a multi-hazard approach to assess the vulnerability of typical building types in Pakistan. The multi-hazard map is classified into four hazard-dominated areas: earthquake-, flood-, combined-, and no hazard–dominated areas in Pakistan. The distribution of the typical building types of Pakistan is globalized in terms of few, many, and most ranges to make a regional map of Pakistan. This map shows seven regions all over Pakistan, indicating the groups with certain predominant building types in each region. A multi-hazard risk map of Pakistan is the final outcome of the study.

scholarly journals FIM FRAME: a method for assessing and improving emergency plans for floods

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1731-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Lumbroso ◽  
M. Di Mauro ◽  
A. F. Tagg ◽  
F. Vinet ◽  
K. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Planning ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Severe Flood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Frame Method ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Over the past decade Europe has been hit by a number of severe flood events. Reviews of recent large flood events in England and France have indicated that there is room for improvement in the emergency planning for floods. Methods that can be used for the systematic assessment and improvement of emergency plans are extensively documented in readily available literature. However, those that do exist are often limited to appraising the content of the plans rather than the process that the plan should guide. This paper describes research to develop a systematic method for assessing and improving emergency plans, which is called the FIM FRAME method. The development of the method was informed by research carried out with stakeholders in France, the Netherlands and England, as well as an appraisal of available tools that can be used to develop and improve plans, and an analysis of a selection of flood emergency plans from the three countries. One of the fundamental requirements of the FIM FRAME method was that it should be able to be applied by the relevant stakeholders to a range of emergency plans that mainly focus on flooding. The method comprises a series of steps (known as Appraise, Tackle and Implement) that can assist stakeholders with assessing and improving emergency plans. The method was piloted in the three countries and then refined following feedback from end users. This paper describes the development of the FIM FRAME method and its application in three case studies affected by different types of floods.

scholarly journals Examples of Recent Floods in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Knight ◽  
◽  
Paul Samuels ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Uk

Some significant flood events that have occurred in various European countries in the last decade are described. They are used to illustrate the widespread nature of flooding, its economic impact and the resultant loss of life. The underlying hydro-meteorological causes of each flood are outlined, followed by a brief chronology of the flood event and the subsequent consequences. The flood events have been drawn from countries with differing climatic conditions, and from river basins that differ in both size and topography. The selection includes floods from the following countries: the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland and the UK. The events include examples of both flash floods and slower basin-wide floods. The important lessons that may be drawn from these events are highlighted, as are the economic impacts such floods might have in the future due to climate change.

scholarly journals Severe floods in Nemunas River Delta

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Gintaras Valiuškevičius ◽  
Edvinas Stonevičius ◽  
Gintautas Stankūnavičius ◽  
Janina Brastovickytė-Stankevič
Keyword(s):  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
High Water ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The North ◽  
Severe Flood ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Terrain Elevation ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
Severe Flooding

The river delta regions are usually most vulnerable to flooding due to small changes in terrain elevation and river – sea interaction. The trends of increased frequency of flooding and an increased duration of the high water events are evident in many regions. In this study, we analyse the most extreme (severe) flood events in the Nemunas Delta region of Lithuania. The study focuses on the causes of floods and their changes over 1926–2016. Analysing specific case studies and comparing them with related studies of other researchers, we present an original interpretation of the variability of flood parameters. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the analysis of flood events must be based on the identification of the drivers of individual floods. This is especially true for the lower reaches and the delta regions of rivers situated within the North European Plain. Historically, an intense melting of snow appeared to be the main cause of severe flooding in this region. The results of this study, however, show that the situation has rapidly changed over the last 30 years and large areas can be flooded even if the snow water equivalent over the whole basin is relatively low.

scholarly journals Sediment transport in a shallow coastal region following severe flood events

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Charles Lemckert
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Severe Flood

Coping with the impacts of severe flood events in Dhaka’s slums – the role of social capital

Erdkunde ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Aßheuer ◽  
Insa Thiele-Eich ◽  
Boris Braun
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Severe Flood

scholarly journals Variation entry of sediment, organic matter and different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in flood and normal events in the Anzali wetland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Ebrahimi ◽  
Hossein Asadi ◽  
Mehrnosh Joudi ◽  
Mehran Rezaei Rashti ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Farhangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Anzali Wetland ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Severe Flood ◽  
Total P

Abstract Phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and organic component are released from the soil into surface bodies by runoff and erosion, causing the pollution and eutrophication of water resources. This study was aimed to investigate the seasonal changes in loads of N and P components, and organic matter (OM) in the Pasikhan River in flood and normal conditions. Sampling was performed monthly during normal flow conditions and for five flood events. The concentrations of P and N components were measured in the samples. The OM of the suspended sediments was determined by the combustion method. Under the normal flows, the maximum loads of total P and OM were about 0.553 mg l−1 (STD = 0.11) (November) and 3.41% (STD = 1.17) (November) in the autumn, respectively. The total N concentration of 0.533 mg l−1 (STD = 0.12) was observed in the winter. In the flood events, the TP, TN and OM ranged from 0.48 to 3.5 mg l−1, 0.28 to 0.79 mg l−1 and 1.24 to 4.11%, respectively. The results indicated a high risk of eutrophication in the Pasikhan River. Also, the study revealed that in a severe flood event, some 113.9 tons h−1 of OM can be released from the river watershed. Furthermore, there was a high correlation between the amount of P and OM losses with the concentration of suspended sediments in different flood events. Finally, it is concluded that if the floods are not controlled, they not only cause a rapid loss of soil nutrients and OM but also lead to severe eutrophication in the Anzali wetland.

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