scholarly journals Variation entry of sediment, organic matter and different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in flood and normal events in the Anzali wetland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Ebrahimi ◽  
Hossein Asadi ◽  
Mehrnosh Joudi ◽  
Mehran Rezaei Rashti ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Farhangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Anzali Wetland ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Severe Flood ◽  
Total P

Abstract Phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and organic component are released from the soil into surface bodies by runoff and erosion, causing the pollution and eutrophication of water resources. This study was aimed to investigate the seasonal changes in loads of N and P components, and organic matter (OM) in the Pasikhan River in flood and normal conditions. Sampling was performed monthly during normal flow conditions and for five flood events. The concentrations of P and N components were measured in the samples. The OM of the suspended sediments was determined by the combustion method. Under the normal flows, the maximum loads of total P and OM were about 0.553 mg l−1 (STD = 0.11) (November) and 3.41% (STD = 1.17) (November) in the autumn, respectively. The total N concentration of 0.533 mg l−1 (STD = 0.12) was observed in the winter. In the flood events, the TP, TN and OM ranged from 0.48 to 3.5 mg l−1, 0.28 to 0.79 mg l−1 and 1.24 to 4.11%, respectively. The results indicated a high risk of eutrophication in the Pasikhan River. Also, the study revealed that in a severe flood event, some 113.9 tons h−1 of OM can be released from the river watershed. Furthermore, there was a high correlation between the amount of P and OM losses with the concentration of suspended sediments in different flood events. Finally, it is concluded that if the floods are not controlled, they not only cause a rapid loss of soil nutrients and OM but also lead to severe eutrophication in the Anzali wetland.

Effect of density of Tephrosia candida stands on soil characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Zhuomin Wang ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tephrosia Candida ◽  
Total P

With one-year-old Tephrosia candida trees as experimental material, influence of stand density on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity was studied. The results showed that density had little influenced on pH value in 2, 4 and 8 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter, effective nitrogen and effective phosphorus significantly increased in 2 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter and effective nitrogen significantly increased, whereas total N, total P, total K, effective N, effective P and effective K significantly decreased in 4 trees/m2 stand. Soil organic matter and nutrients except for total P significantly decreased in 8 trees m2 stand. Among the three density stands, the activities of urease, catalase and phosphatase were the lowest in 8 trees m2 stand.

scholarly journals Karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Pulau Ternate dan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat Provinsi Maluku Utara

DEPIK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugaya H. Serosero ◽  
Suryani . ◽  
Rina .
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Substrate Texture ◽  
Total P

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Takome Pulau Ternate dan Idamdehe Kecamatan Jailolo Propinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah tekstur substrat dengan metode pipet, penentuan kandungan nitrat danfosfat tanah dengan metode spektofotometer, pengukuran panjang + rostrum (cp+r) kepiting kelapa dan pola pertumbuhannya. Selain it juga diukur suhu udara, suhu lubang dan kelembaban udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Idamdehe memiliki karakteristik pantai yang curam, bahkan di beberapa lokasi penangkapan sangat terjal, sedangkan  di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate memiliki karakteristik pantai yang lebih landai. Tekstur substrat di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate terdiri atas pasir (55,76 %), debu (18,4%) dan liat (25,84%) dan Stasiun Idamdehe memiliki tekstur pasir (49,17%), debu (25,61%) dan liat (25,22%)dankandungan bahan organik substrat (Total N) di Takome adalah 0,31% dan total P adalah 0,09% sedangkan di Idamdehe Total N adalah 0,19% dan Total P 0,02%. Suhu udara di lokasi Idamdehe berkisar 26-280C dan di Takome 27-280C. Kelembaban udara 73%-98% di Idamdehe dan 71%-90% di Takome. Parameter lingkungan berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, tekstur substrat dan kandungan bahan organik di kedua lokasi penelitian mendukung kehidupan kepiting kelapa di habitat alaminya. Pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa di kedua lokasi Idamdehe adalah allometrik negatif.Kata kunci: Karakteristik habitat, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometrik, allometrik negatifAbstract. This objectives of the present study were to evaluate the habitat characteristics and growth patterns of the coconut crabs in Takome and Idamdehe waters North Maluku Province. This study was conducted during April-July 2014. The collected data were the substrate texture, nitrate and phosphate contents of soil using spectrophotometric method, length + rostrum (cp+r) of coconut crabs and the growth patterns. In addition, the air temperature, hole temperature and humidity were also recorded during the study. The results showed that Idamdehe waters has precipitous coast, indeed very precipitous in several catching locations, while Takome waters in Ternate Island has sloping coast. The substrate texture of Takome waters in Ternate Island consisted of sands (55.76%), dusts (18.4%) and clays (25.84%), while Idamdehe waters has the substrate texture that consisted of sands (49.17%), dusts (25.61 %) and clays (25.22%). As for organic matter contents of the substrate, Takome waters has 0.31% in total N and 0.09% in total P, while Idamdehe waters has 0.19% in total N and 0.02 % in total P. The air temperature in Idamdehe waters ranged between 26-280C and in Takome waters ranged between 27-280C. Air humidity in Idamdehe waters was 73%-98% and in Takome waters was 71%-90%. The environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, substrate texture and organic matter content in both locations are suitable for coconut crab growing. The growth pattern of coconut crabs in Idamdehe and Sulamadaha waters were allometric negative pattern.Keywords: Habitat characteristics, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometric, negative allometric.

The Effects of N and P Addition on the Soil Properties of a Eucalyptus urophylla Stand

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
Qiu Jing Li ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Hong Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

The effects of N and P addition on soil organic matter and nutrients, microbe and enzyme were investigated in a Eucalyptus urophylla stand to provide basis for soil management. Contents of organic matter, available P of N, P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, total N content of N and N+P addition was significant greater than the control, contents of total P, total K and available K of P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, available N content of N addition was significantly greater than the control, whereas that of P addition was significantly smaller than the control. N addition significantly increased the soil actinomyces number and urease activity, but had no significant effect on the number of soil bacteria and fungus, activities of phosphatase and catalase. Number of soil bacteria, fungus and actinomyces, activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase significantly increased after P addition, and biochemical indices except for bacteria number significantly increased after N + P addition.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Estonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Tõnu Mauring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Total N ◽  
Input Load ◽  
Total P

In Estonia many natural/semi-natural wetlands have been used for municipal or agricultural wastewater. During the last 6 years twelve constructed wetlands for wastewater purification were established. Budgets of organic matter (BOD), total-N and total-P of three systems (a sand/plant filter with vertical flow, established in 1992, area 90 m2, loading 3.8 g BOD m−2 d−1; a combined overland flow-vertical flow root-zone system on a Phalaris arundinacea-slope, 1989, 2400 m2 ha, 1 g BOD m−2 d−1; an aquatic macrophyte channel (bioditch), 140 m2, 40 g BOD m−2 d−1), located in southern Estonia, are analyzed. Except for nitrogen, the efficiency of the sand/plant filter was found satisfactory: 82%, 36%, and 74% for BOD5, total-N, and total-P, respectively. The poor performance with respect to nitrogen may be caused by weak vegetation. In thePhalaris -system, 65% of organic matter, 67% N, and 80% P was removed. The average output concentrations of this system were always lower than the recommended limits (BOD5 <10 mg l−1, total-N <10 mg l−1, and total-P <2 mg l−1). Due to the high input load, the BOD5, total-N, and total-P values in the outlet of the bioditch were high and extremely variable: 5–100, 6–16, and 1–4 mg l−1, respectively. To guarantee the recommendable output values from the bioditch, either a significant decrease of input load or an enlargement of the area of the wetlands would be needed. All results show that compared to other seasons the winter performance was not reduced.

Influence of 24 annual applications of fertilisers and/or manure to alfalfa on forage yield and some soil properties under dryland conditions in northern China

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fan ◽  
Mingde Hao ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Quanjiu Wang ◽  
Mingbin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total P

A field experiment was established in 1984 at Changwu, Shaanxi, China, to determine the long-term effects of three annual fertiliser and/or manure treatments [no fertilisation (CK), application of phosphorus (P) fertiliser alone at 26 kg P ha–1, and application of P fertiliser at 26 kg P ha–1 + nitrogen (N) fertiliser at 120 kg N ha–1 + animal manure at 75 Mg ha–1 (PNM)] to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on forage dry matter yield (DMY) from 1985 to 2008 (24 growing seasons), and some soil properties (moisture content, and concentration of organic matter, total N, total P and available P in soil) in 2001, 2004 and 2006. Compared with the unfertilised CK, application of fertiliser and/or manure resulted in a significant increase of forage DMY in 19 of 24 years, with a maximum DMY usually in the PNM treatment. Cumulative DMY over 24 years (from 1985 to 2008) increased linearly in all three treatments, and it was higher by 22.72 Mg ha–1 with PNM and only by 7.78 Mg ha–1 with P compared with the CK treatment. Soil moisture contents in deep soil profiles did not differ among treatments in most cases. Soil organic matter, total N, total P and available P in soil increased with fertiliser and/or manure treatments, especially when PNM was applied over a long period. In conclusion, the findings suggest that combined applications of inorganic fertilisers and organic manure to alfalfa can provide substantial benefits in terms of both forage yield and stand longevity, while also improving soil quality on the Loess Plateau of northern China.

The Effects of a Wildfire on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties in an Eucalyptus urophylla Forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2492-2497
Author(s):  
Gan Wen Lie ◽  
Long Hua Ye ◽  
Hai Yong Bao ◽  
Hong Yue Chen ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Total P ◽  
Burned Forest

In this study, soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, available K, number of microorganism and enzyme activity were studied in a burnedE. urophyllaforest (the burned forest) and an unburned adjacentE. urophyllaforest (the control) in Dongyuan County, Guangdong Province, China. This study aims at investigating the effects of a single wildfire on soil properties of anE. urophyllaforest to provide basis for the recovery of soil fertility and management of burnedE. urophyllaforests. Significant differences were observed between the burned forest and the control in most of chemical properties. The wildfire significantly decreased the soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K by 32.8%, 33.6%, 36.8%, 35.2%, 25.0% and 28.5%, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in soil pH and available P. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in burned forest were significant lower than those of the control, while there was no difference in actinomycetes between the two forests. The urease, phosphatase and catalase activities were statistically significant lower than those of the control. The results suggested that there were significant effects on theE. urophyllaforest 1 year after the wildfire and the recovery from the wildfire may take a long time.

LAND USE TYPES AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICTS: A CASE STUDY IN HUONG VINH COMMUNE, HUONG TRA TOWN, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Đức
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Total N ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total P

This research carried out in Huong Vinh commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province aimed to identify types of land use and soil characteristics. Results showed that five crops are found in Huong Vinh commune including rice, peanut, sweet potato, cassava and vegetable. There are two major soil orders with four soil suborders classified by FAO in Huong Vinh commune including Fluvisols (Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols) and Arenosols (Haplic Arenosols). The results from soil analysis showed that three soil suborders including Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols belonging to Fluvisols were clay loam in texture, low pH, low in OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O. Meanwhile, the Haplic Arenosols was loamy sand in texture, poor capacity to hold OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O

scholarly journals Soil microbial inoculation during flood events shapes headwater stream microbial communities and diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Caillon ◽  
Katharina Besemer ◽  
Peter Peduzzi ◽  
Jakob Schelker
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inoculation

AbstractFlood events are now recognized as potentially important occasions for the transfer of soil microbes to stream ecosystems. Yet, little is known about these “dynamic pulses of microbial life” for stream bacterial community composition (BCC) and diversity. In this study, we explored the potential alteration of stream BCC by soil inoculation during high flow events in six pre-alpine first order streams and the larger Oberer Seebach. During 1 year, we compared variations of BCC in soil water, stream water and in benthic biofilms at different flow conditions (low to intermediate flows versus high flow). Bacterial diversity was lowest in biofilms, followed by soils and highest in headwater streams and the Oberer Seebach. In headwater streams, bacterial diversity was significantly higher during high flow, as compared to low flow (Shannon diversity: 7.6 versus 7.9 at low versus high flow, respectively, p < 0.001). Approximately 70% of the bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from streams and stream biofilms were the same as in soil water, while in the latter one third of the OTUs were specific to high flow conditions. These soil high-flow OTUs were also found in streams and biofilms at other times of the year. These results demonstrate the relevance of floods in generating short and reoccurring inoculation events for flowing waters. Moreover, they show that soil microbial inoculation during high flow enhances microbial diversity and shapes fluvial BCC even during low flow. Hence, soil microbial inoculation during floods could act as a previously overlooked driver of microbial diversity in headwater streams.

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