Severe acute respiratory infections associated with influenza and non-influenza viruses - Yemen, 2011-2014

Objective. To study the clinical, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in in-patients in Ekaterinburg during the epidemic season 2017–2018. Patients and methods. 403 individual medical records were studied. Etiological decoding was carried out by isolating RNA or DNA of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction. Results. SARI in hospitalized patients were caused by both influenza viruses (В Yamagata – 25.2% and А(H1N1)pdm09 – 11.0%) and viruses of non-influenza etiology (respiratory syncytial virus (RS-virus) – 13.3%, rhinovirus – 12.9%, metapneumovirus – 11.0%). It was found that viruses were more often secreted in children than in adults; among children of the younger age group (0–2 years old) viruses of non-influenza etiology were detected significantly more often, and in children 7–14 years old, influenza viruses were more often isolated. Patients with upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more likely to have influenza viruses (78.9%) than patients with lower respiratory tract infections (21.1%). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the importance of hospital surveillance for SARI from the point of view of the etiological diagnosis of respiratory infections, the study of epidemiology and typical clinical manifestations for the timely diagnosis and development of additional preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Key words: hospital surveillance, influenza, PCR diagnostics, respiratory infections, epidemiology, etiology

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Severe Acute Respiratory Infections With Influenza and Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses: Yemen, 2011-2016

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/0046958019850731 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 004695801985073

Author(s):

Mohammad Abdullah Al Amad ◽

Ali Ali Al Mahaqri ◽

Abdulwahed Abdulgabar Al Serouri ◽

Yousef S. Khader

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Admission Rate ◽

Type A ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

In 2010, Yemen started the surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) by establishing 2 sentinel sites in Sana’a and Aden city. This study aims to determine the proportions of influenza and noninfluenza viruses among SARI patients and to determine the severity of SARI and its associated factors. The data of SARI patients who were admitted to SARI surveillance sites at Al Johory hospital in Sana’a and Al Wahdah hospital in Aden city during the period 2011-2016 were analyzed. The proportions of positive influenza viruses (type A, B) and noninfluenza viruses (respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, human parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus), intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, and fatality rate among SARI patients were calculated. A total of 1811 of SARI patients were admitted during 2011-2016. Of those, 78% were <15 years old. A total of 89 (5%) patients had influenza viruses and 655 (36%) had noninfluenza viruses. The overall ICU admission rate was 40% and the case-fatality rate was 8%. Infection by influenza type (A, B) and mixed (adenovirus, human parainfluenza) was significantly associated with lower ICU admission. Age <15 years old, infection with influenza B, pre-existence of chronic diseases, and admission to Aden site were significantly associated with higher fatality rate among patients. In conclusion; SARI patients in Yemen had a high ICU admission and case-fatality rates. Influenza type B, chronic diseases, and admission to Aden site are associated with higher fatality rate. Expanding surveillance sites and panel of laboratory tests to involve other pathogens will help to provide accurate diagnosis for SARI etiology and give more comprehensive picture. Training staff for SARI case management will help to reduce severe outcomes.

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Human Metapneumovirus and Influenza Viruses in Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Iran

Iranian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.5812/ijp.60948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jila Yavarian ◽

Nazanin Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi ◽

Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani ◽

Azadeh Shadab ◽

Masoumeh Ghamarchehreh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Human Metapneumovirus ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

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Etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in Ekaterinburg in different epidemic seasons

Medical academic journal ◽

10.17816/maj77286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 123-126

Author(s):

Evgeniya Viktorovna Lelenkova ◽

Alexandr Yurievich Markaryan

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Hospital Patients ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory viral infections are ubiquitous. Part of the cases are severe and require hospital treatment. AIM: Studying the etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in patients of Ekaterinburg hospitals in different epidemic seasons (from 2017 to 2020). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1,132 cases of severe acute respiratory infection were assessed. The structure of laboratory-confirmed cases was determined. RESULTS: In the assessed seasons, the proportion of respiratory viruses in the etiological structure of severe acute respiratory infections was 56.0% on average. B/Yamagata lineage of influenza viruses was predominant in the season of 2017/2018 (23.9% from the total number of respiratory viruses), influenza А (H1N1)pdm09 viruses were predominant in the season of 2018/2019 (27.7%), and influenza A and B viruses were identified in 2019/2020 (39.4% and 31.7%, respectively). СONCLUSIONS: The obtained results confirm a key role of influenza viruses in the etiology of severe acute respiratory infections among the hospital patients in different epidemic seasons.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Secret Children’s Weapons against the SARS-CoV-2 Lethal Infection

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1696

Author(s):

Mario Giosuè Balzanelli ◽

Pietro Distratis ◽

Orazio Catucci ◽

Angelo Cefalo ◽

Rita Lazzaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Unusual Event ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Due to the promising effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of various diseases, this commentary aimed to focus on the auxiliary role of MSCs to reduce inflammatory processes of acute respiratory infections caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Since early in 2020, COVID-19, a consequence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly affected millions of people world-wide. The SARS-CoV-2 infection in children appears to be an unusual event. Despite the high number of affected adult and elderly, children and adolescents remained low in amounts, and marginally touched. Based on the promising role of cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches in the treatment of several life-threatening diseases, it seems that applying MSCs cell-based approaches can also be a hopeful strategy for improving subjects with severe acute respiratory infections caused by COVID-19.

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Influenza Viral Infections Surveillance and Clinical Presentations in Hospitalized Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573398x17666210319094524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Montaha Al-Iede ◽

Lena Sarhan ◽

Leen Abushanab ◽

Tamara Ayasrah ◽

Rafaa Al Maani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

University Hospital ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Clinical Presentations

Background: Influenza virus and other respiratory viruses have been identified as an essential cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children worldwide. However, there are few data on its frequency and clinical presentation in Jordan. Objectives: We aimed to identify the viral etiology of acute respiratory infections and the various clinical presentations in hospitalized children, especially those with influenza viruses compared to other respiratory viruses. Methods: A retrospective study that was conducted at the Jordan university hospital. All the positive nasopharyngeal aspirates that were collected from hospitalized children aged 0-19 years from January 2017 to January 2019 were reviewed. Results: A total of 338 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) with positive viral serology results were reviewed. Among the patients younger than four years, the RSV virus was the most frequently detected. However, the Influenza B virus was the most commonly seen in patients older than 5 years, H1N1 was more frequent in autumn (29.5%), and RSV was the most frequent virus in winter. Bronchopneumonia was the most frequent diagnosis among all hospitalized patients, followed by bronchiolitis. Out of 338 patients, 50.3 % had tachypnea, 70.7% of patients were admitted to the pediatric floor, while 18.6% presented with a severe illness and required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Infants under the age of one were more likely to have higher co-infection rates with other viruses compared to children over five years that had influenza. Conclusion: Presentations of influenza and other respiratory viruses vary between different age groups, such as sepsis in children younger than one year.

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