A Comparative Study of Various Screening Tests of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women Attending Antena- tal Outpatient Department

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in pregnancy.Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine of an individualwithout symptoms of urinary tract infection. ASB which occurs in 2-11% of pregnancies is a majorpredisposition to the development of pyelonephritis. Aims and objectives: The aims and objectivesof the study were to: Study the effectiveness of various screening tests: urine microscopy, gramstain, catalase test, leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test and to compare their sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Materials and Methods: Thestudy included 500 pregnant women attending the outpatient department over 18 months. The urinesamples collected in sterile containers were screened for urine microscopy, gram stain, catalase test,leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test. The samples were processed on CLED (Cysteine lactoseelectrolyte deficient) agar as the standard against which other screening tests are identified.Results: Gram’s stain (89.34%) was the most sensitive of all and the least reliable test was thecatalase test among the methods of screening tests. Conclusion: Urine culture is considered to bethe gold standard in detecting ASB in pregnant women. Gram’s stain of urine is a good screeningtest when compared to other screening methods. Screening for bacteria in all trimesters isnecessary to prevent the dangerous complications associated with ASB.

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A study of prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women from rural areas attending to Obstetric Department in Akash Hospital, Karnataka, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 2845

Author(s):

Rohini N. S. ◽

Ravishankar S. N. ◽

Kala K. ◽

Rakshith N. R.

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Screening Method ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Gram Staining ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy is a significant risk factor for developing upper urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, to identify the organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns and to formulate a single or combined rapid screening method as an acceptable alternative to urine culture.Methods: A total of 375 pregnant women aged between 18 to 45 years were included in this study. Clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected. Screening tests done were gram staining of uncentrifuged urine, pus cell count, nitrite test and leukocyte esterase test. Identification of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed as per standard urine culture and sensitivity methods.Results: Out of the 375 pregnant women, 31 (8.4%) had significant bacteriuria. High percentage of women with ASB were primigravidas (51.38%) and in 2nd trimester (43.86%). The most common organism isolated was E.coli (56.14%). In screening tests, gram staining of uncentrifuged urine had a sensitivity of 85.71%. Sensitivity of 71.42% was found in Nitrite and leucocyte esterase tests. However, the combination of these two tests, with either test positive, showed sensitivity and negative predictive value of 90.47% and 99.09% respectively.Conclusions: Early detection and treatment of ASB in pregnancy can prevent complications. ASB can be identified by simple and combined rapid screening methods and urine culture along with antibiogram. Therefore, screening and treatment of ASB may be incorporated as routine antenatal care for safe motherhood and healthy newborn.

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Evaluation of various screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology ◽

10.4103/0377-4929.42516 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 379 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J Jayalakshmi ◽

VS Jayaram

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Screening Tests

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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Outpatient Department

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. S53

Author(s):

Savitha Hiremath ◽

B.V. Renushri

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY, SPORADIC GOITRE AND THYROTOXICOSIS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0480014 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. A. Aboul-Khair ◽

J. Crooks

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Iodine Uptake ◽

Thyroid Activity ◽

Deficiency State ◽

Iodine Metabolism ◽

Inorganic Iodine ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Studies of iodine metabolism have been carried out in 15 pregnant women, 33 cases with sporadic goitre and 11 with thyrotoxicosis. A low plasma inorganic iodine was common to the three groups. In pregnancy and sporadic goitre the thyroid clearance of iodine was elevated and the absolute iodine uptake normal. A high thyroid clearance of iodine in thyrotoxicosis was associated with a high absolute iodine uptake. The results suggest that both pregnancy and sporadic goitre are physiological responses to an iodine deficiency state while the iodine deficiency state of thyrotoxicosis is secondary to increased thyroid activity.

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Disputable issues of diagnosing and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women

Practical medicine ◽

10.32000/2072-1757-2018-16-6-34-38 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

T. P. Zefirova ◽

◽

M. E. Zhelezova ◽

I.I. Akhmetshina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

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Dimethylarginines correlate to common carotid artery wall layer dimensions and cardiovascular risk factors in pregnant women with/without preeclampsia: A group comparative study

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.01.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 288-293

Author(s):

Tansim Akhter ◽

Gerhard Wikström ◽

Marita Larsson ◽

Ulf Bondesson ◽

Mikael Hedeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Wall Layer ◽

Artery Wall ◽

Carotid Artery Wall

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Antibiotics for culture‐positive asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women can prevent pyelonephritis

Academic Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1111/acem.14227 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelvin Kwofie ◽

Allan B Wolfson

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Culture Positive

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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow, India

Dubai Medical Journal ◽

10.1159/000513626 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Naimshree Sonkar ◽

Malay Banerjee ◽

Suman Gupta ◽

Absar Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Haemoglobin Level ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of actively multiplying bacteria within the urinary tract with absence of any symptoms, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This research study was done in order to review prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with ASB occurring in female patients who are pregnant and being treated at a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India. Method and Materials: This is a cross-sectional study done among 216 pregnant women attending a hospital for antenatal check-ups. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and examined microscopically, and semi-quantitative culture was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Isolates were identified by colony morphology and biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Of the 216 pregnant women, 36 (16.7%) tested positive for ASB. The female gestational period, haemoglobin level, and BMI were significantly associated with ASB. Logistic regression also showed that higher haemoglobin level was less likely to ASB (AOR = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.202–0.88, p = 0.021). The predominant and usual isolates were E. coli (n = 22, 61.1%), followed by Cons (n = 6, 16.7%), and S. aureus (3, 8.3%). All Gram-negative isolates were mostly sensitive to most of the drugs like piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem but were 100% resistant to ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin but 100% resistant to co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: The present study shows the existence of ASB was 16.7% among women who are pregnant. Pregnancy duration, haemoglobin level, and BMI were significantly associated with ASB. The isolates identified more frequently were E. coli (61.16%), Cons (16.7%), and S. aureus (8.3%). All isolates which were Gram-negative were mostly sensitive to most of the drugs but were 100% resistant to ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to most of the drugs but 100% resistant to co-trimoxazole.

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