Self-reported adverse drug events and the role of illness perception and medication beliefs in ambulatory heart failure patients: A cross-sectional survey

Background: Medication non-adherence is a major public health issue, creating obstacles to effective treatment of hypertension. Examining the underlying factors of deliberate and non-deliberate non-adherence is crucial to address this problem. Thus, the goal of the present study is to assess the socio-demographic, clinical and psychological determinants of intentional and unintentional non-adherence. Design and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March, 2015 and April, 2016. The sample consisted of hypertension patients holding at least one medical prescription (N=109). Measurements assessed patients’ medication adherence, health literacy, empowerment, self-efficacy, medication beliefs, and patients’ acceptance of their doctor’s advice, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Patients who occasionally engaged in either intentional or unintentional non-adherence reported to have lower adherence selfefficacy, higher medication concern beliefs, lower meaningfulness scores and were less likely to accept the doctor’s treatment recommendations. Patients who occasionally engaged in unintentional nonadherence were younger and had experienced more side effects compared to completely adherent patients. Adherence self-efficacy was a mediator of the effect of health literacy on patients’ medication adherence and acceptance of the doctor’s advice was a covariate. Conclusions: Regarding the research implications, health literacy and adherence self-efficacy should be assessed simultaneously when investigating the factors of non-adherence. Regarding the practical implications, adherence could be increased if physicians i) doublecheck whether their patients accept the treatment advice given and ii) if they address patients’ concerns about medications. These steps could be especially important for patients characterized with lower self-efficacy, as they are more likely to engage in occasional nonadherence.

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Characterizing the role of, and physical and emotional burden on caregivers of patients with heart failure: Results from a cross-sectional survey in Japan

Geriatric Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.01.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 379-385

Author(s):

Erika Hayashi ◽

Hironobu Mitani ◽

Hiroki Murayama ◽

Toshihisa Anzai ◽

Rachel Studer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emotional Burden ◽

Patients With Heart Failure

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Coping with adverse drug events in patients with heart failure: Exploring the role of medication beliefs and perceptions

Psychology and Health ◽

10.1080/08870446.2011.605886 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 570-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R.H. De Smedt ◽

T. Jaarsma ◽

A.V. Ranchor ◽

K. van der Meer ◽

K.H. Groenier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Medication Beliefs ◽

Patients With Heart Failure

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Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bob Lew ◽

Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽

Yanzheng Liu ◽

Mansor Abu Talib ◽

Olga Mitina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Strain Theory ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Strains ◽

Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conﬂicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

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Explant Myocarditis: Evidence for the Role of Inflammation in Decompensation of Advanced Heart Failure Patients

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(97)85151-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 330A ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Advanced Heart Failure ◽

Heart Failure Patients

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Galectin-3 in Heart Failure – Linking Fibrosis, Remodelling and Progression

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2010.6.2.33 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Christopher R deFilippi ◽

G Michael Felker ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Heart Failure Patients ◽

Large Populations ◽

Galectin 3

For many with heart failure, including the elderly and those with a preserved ejection fraction, both risk stratification and treatment are challenging. For these large populations and others there is increasing recognition of the role of cardiac fibrosis in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Galectin-3 is a novel biomarker of fibrosis and cardiac remodelling that represents an intriguing link between inflammation and fibrosis. In this article we review the biology of galectin-3, recent clinical research and its application in the management of heart failure patients.

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Sleep Reactivity and Psychological Health in Normal Sleepers: the moderating role of stress

10.31234/osf.io/nxz42 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jason G. Ellis ◽

Sarah Allen ◽

Michael Perlis ◽

Michael Grandner ◽

Maria Gardani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Public Health Campaign ◽

Health Campaign ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

The aim of the present study was to determine whether normal sleepers with vulnerability to insomnia, via high sleep reactivity, demonstrate more sleep-related dysfunctional cognitions and behaviours and poorer psychological health compared to those who are not vulnerable. Further, the influence of stress on the relationship between sleep reactivity and psychological health was also examined. A cross-sectional survey of 737 young adult ‘normal’ sleepers from the general population was undertaken. Results indicated normal sleepers vulnerable to insomnia demonstrated more sleep-related dysfunctional cognitions and behaviours as well as poorer psychological health compared to those not vulnerable. Furthermore, the relationship between sleep reactivity and psychological health was moderated by perceived stress over the previous month and life events over the previous year. Therefore, identifying and supporting those who are vulnerable to insomnia may be a fruitful avenue for preventative public health campaign to mitigate both insomnia and poor psychological health.

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Risk Minimization Measures in Off-Label Drug Use: A Survey of Community Pharmacists in Malaysia

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1573403x16666200615144946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 181-189

Author(s):

Omotayo Fatokun

Keyword(s):

Informed Consent ◽

Drug Use ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Risk Minimization ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Off Label ◽

Written Informed Consent

Background: While off-label drug use is common and sometimes necessary, it also presents considerable risks. Therefore, measures intended to prevent or reduce the potential exposure to off-label risks have been recommended. However, little is known about community pharmacists’ beliefs regarding these measures in Malaysia. Objectives: This study examined community pharmacists’ beliefs towards risk minimization measures in off-label drug use in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between perceived risk of off-label drug use and beliefs towards risk minimization measures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 154 pharmacists practicing in randomly selected community pharmacies in Kuala Lumpur and the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Results: The majority agreed or strongly agreed that adverse drug events from the off-label drug should be reported to the regulatory authority (90.9%) and the off-label drug should only be used when the benefit outweighs potential risks (88.3%). Less than half (48.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that written informed consent should be obtained before dispensing off-label drugs and a majority (63.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that the informed consent process will be burdensome to healthcare professionals. Beliefs towards risk minimization measures were significantly associated with perceived risk of off-label drug use regarding efficacy (p = 0. 033), safety (p = 0.001), adverse drug rection (p = 0.001) and medication errors (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The community pharmacists have positive beliefs towards most of the risk minimization measures. However, beliefs towards written informed consent requirements are not encouraging. Enhancing risk perception may help influence positive beliefs towards risk minimization measures.

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Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Hashim A. Mahdi ◽

Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽

Mohammad Alfelali ◽

Omar B. Ahmed ◽

Radi Alsafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Graduate Education ◽

Formal Education ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

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