Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor

Immunity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael S. Czepielewski ◽  
Emma C. Erlich ◽  
Emily J. Onufer ◽  
Shannon Young ◽  
Brian T. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha during long-term endotoxemia in awake sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1831-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sloane ◽  
T. H. Elsasser ◽  
J. A. Spath ◽  
K. H. Albertine ◽  
M. H. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Endotoxin Infusion ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Lung Lymph Flow

We used a continuous 12-h infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (10 ng.min-1.kg-1) in 10 awake sheep equipped with a lung lymph fistula and vascular catheters to determine the time course of increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) during the infusion and a 12-h postinfusion period. Lung lymph flow increased progressively during the infusion to a peak value averaging 8.6 +/- 2.0 times the baseline flow of 6.3 +/- 1.3 g/h. During the postinfusion period, lung lymph flow remained elevated at three to four times baseline. The lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio was unchanged from baseline over 24 h, indicating a dramatic increase in net protein flux across pulmonary microvessels. The TNF-alpha concentration peaked early in the infusion and then declined, despite the continuing presence of endotoxin. Plasma TNF-alpha concentration increased 10-fold (0.33 +/- 0.05 ng/ml at baseline to 3.89 +/- 0.78 ng/ml peak) 2 h into the endotoxin infusion. At the end of the endotoxin infusion, plasma TNF-alpha had decreased to 1.16 +/- 0.19 ng/ml. The circulating TNF-alpha concentration did not correlate with pathophysiology or outcome in these sheep.

scholarly journals Trace amounts of antibiotic exacerbated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of trace amounts of antibiotic on growth performance, diarrhea, systemic immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Weaned pigs (n = 34, 6.88 ± 1.03 kg body weight [BW]) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of the three dietary treatments: nursery basal diet (CON) and two additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg carbadox to the nursery basal diet (TRA or REC), respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d with 7 d before and 11 d after the first E. coli inoculation. The E. coli F18 inoculum was orally provided to all pigs with a dose of 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/3 mL for three consecutive days. Fecal and blood samples were collected on day 0 before inoculation and days 2, 5, 8, and 11 postinoculation (PI) to test the percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in total coliforms and complete blood cell count, respectively. Sixteen pigs were euthanized on day 5 PI, whereas the remaining pigs were euthanized at the end of the experiment to collect the jejunal and ileal mucosa and mesenteric lymph node for gene expression and bacterial translocation, respectively. Pigs in REC had greater (P < 0.05) final BW and lower (P < 0.05) overall frequency of diarrhea compared with pigs in the CON and TRA groups. Pigs in TRA had the lowest (P < 0.05) average daily gain and feed efficiency from day 0 to 5 PI, highest (P < 0.05) percentage of β-hemolytic coliforms in fecal samples on days 2 and 5 PI, and greatest (P < 0.05) bacterial colonies in mesenteric lymph nodes on day 11 PI compared with pigs in the CON and REC groups. Pigs in TRA had the greatest (P < 0.05) neutrophils on day 5 PI and higher (P < 0.05) white blood cell counts and lymphocytes than other groups on day 11 PI. Pigs in TRA had the greatest (P < 0.05) serum C-reactive protein on days 2 and 5 PI and serum tumor necrosis factor-α on day 5 PI, compared with pigs in the CON and REC groups. Pigs fed REC had increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCDN) and reduced (P < 0.05) interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA) in ileal mucosa on day 5 PI, compared with the CON, whereas TRA upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of IL1B, IL6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the ileal mucosa on day 11 PI, compared with the REC. In conclusion, trace amounts of antibiotic may exacerbate the detrimental effects of E. coli infection on pig performance by increasing diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weanling pigs.

Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha infusion mimics endotoxemia in awake sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Johnson ◽  
B. Meyrick ◽  
G. Jesmok ◽  
K. L. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Lung Lymph Flow

The macrophage-derived cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) has been proposed as the major mediator of endotoxin-induced injury. To examine whether a single infusion of human recombinant TNF alpha (rTNF alpha) reproduces the pulmonary effects of endotoxemia, we infused rTNF alpha (0.01 mg/kg) over 30 min into six chronically instrumented awake sheep and assessed the ensuing changes in hemodynamics, lung lymph flow and protein concentration, and number of peripheral blood and lung lymph leukocytes. In addition, levels of thromboxane B2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin E2, and leukotriene B4 were measured in lung lymph. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) peaked within 15 min of the start of rTNF alpha infusion [base-line Ppa = 22.0 +/- 1.5 (SE) cmH2O; after 15 min of rTNF alpha infusion, Ppa = 54.2 +/- 5.4] and then fell toward base line. The pulmonary hypertension was accompanied by hypoxemia and peripheral blood and lung lymph leukopenia, both of which persisted throughout the 4 h of study. These changes were followed by an increase in protein-rich lung lymph flow (base-line lymph protein clearance = 1.8 +/- 0.4 cmH2O; 3 h after rTNF alpha infusion, clearance = 5.6 +/- 1.2), consistent with an increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability. Cardiac output and left atrial pressure did not change significantly throughout the experiment. Light-microscopic examination of lung tissue at autopsy revealed congestion, neutrophil sequestration, and patchy interstitial edema. We conclude that rTNF alpha induces a response in awake sheep remarkable similar to that of endotoxemia. Because endotoxin is a known stimulant of TNF alpha production, TNF alpha may mediate endotoxin-induced lung injury.

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