scholarly journals An ATX-LPA6-Gα13-ROCK axis shapes and maintains caudal vein plexus in zebrafish

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 103254
Author(s):  
Ryohei Okasato ◽  
Kuniyuki Kano ◽  
Ryoji Kise ◽  
Asuka Inoue ◽  
Shigetomo Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caudal Vein

scholarly journals The caudal heart of the eel a lymphatic heart.—Effect of the force with which the lymph- stream is propelled therefrom on the flow of blood in the vein into which the heart opens. — Explanation of the appearance of blood propelled in successive drops, as if from the heart, along the caudal vein.— Influence which the force of the lymph-stream from the heart exerts in accelerating and promoting the flow of blood in the caudal vein

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Lymphatic Heart ◽  
As If

To explain the true nature of the phenomenon of drops of blood propelled in rapid succession, as if from the caudal heart, along the caudal vein,—to prove thereby that the caudal heart belongs, not to the blood-vascular system, but to the lymphatic system,—and to inquire into the influence which the force of the lymph-stream from the caudal heart exerts in accelerating and promoting the flow of blood in the caudal vein, constitute the object of this paper. The great caudal vein of the eel is formed by the junction of two trunks, a larger and a smaller. It is into the smaller trunk, near its junction with the larger, that the caudal heart opens. At the opening, there is a valve which prevents regurgitation of the lymph back from the vein into the heart.

scholarly journals Does the Site of Blood Collection in Fish Affect Haematological and Blood Biochemical Results?

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bojarski ◽  
Magdalena Socha ◽  
Ewa Drąg-Kozak ◽  
Agnieszkaa Rombel-Bryzek ◽  
Sylwia Kapinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Body Site ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Erythrocyte Morphology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Group I ◽  
Caudal Vein

The values of haematological and selected blood plasma biochemical parameters of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) were compared between blood samples taken from caudal vein and heart to evaluate the influence of blood sampling body site on the obtained results in two groups of fish of different blood sampling order: I – first by caudal and then by cardiac puncture, II – first by cardiac and then by caudal puncture. The obtained results revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) differences only in group I where red blood cell (RBC) count was higher in caudal vein blood, while haematocrit (Ht) value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), total protein (TP) concentration, and magnesium (Mg) level were higher in cardiac blood samples. No statistically significant differences occurred in white blood cell (WBC) count, differential leukocyte count or erythrocyte morphology based on stained blood smears. The obtained results showed that blood sampling body site may affect the results of haematological and plasma biochemical analyses.

scholarly journals Determination of oroxin A, oroxin B, oroxylin A, oroxyloside, chrysin, chrysin 7-O-beta-gentiobioside, and guaijaverin in mouse blood by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yu ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
Yinan Jin ◽  
Minyue Zhou ◽  
Xianqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Oroxylin A ◽  
Mouse Blood ◽  
Multiple Reactions ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Positive Ion

Abstract In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to measure the concentrations of the flavonoids oroxin A, oroxin B, oroxylin A, oroxyloside, chrysin, chrysin 7-O-beta-gentiobioside, and guaijaverin in the blank mouse blood, and the method was then used in the measurement of the pharmacokinetics of the compounds in mice. Oroxin A, oroxin B, oroxylin A, oroxyloside, chrysin, chrysin 7-O-beta-gentiobioside, and guaijaverin were administered intravenously at a dose of 5 mg kg−1, and the mouse blood (20 μL) was withdrawn from the caudal vein 0.08333, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after administration. The mobile phase used for chromatographic separation by gradient elution was composed of acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid). The analytes were detected by operating in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive-ion mode using multiple reactions monitoring (MRM). The intra-day and inter-day accuracy ranged from 86.2 to 109.3%, the intra-day precision was less than 14%, and the inter-day precision was less than 15%. The matrix effect ranged from 85.3 to 111.3%, and the recovery of the analytes after protein precipitation were all above 78.2%. This method had the advantages of high sensitivity, accuracy, and recovery, and it had excellent selectivity, which enabled it to be applied to measuring the pharmacokinetics of the analytes in mice.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) after intravenous and intramuscular administrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-609
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Ahmed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Right

The plasma pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin was studied in healthy African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) following a single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of 10 mg/kg at 22 °C. Catfish were divided into two groups (each group containing 78 fish), then danofloxacin mesylate (10 mg/kg) was administered IV (into the caudal vein) in Group 1 and IM (into the right epaxial muscle) in Group 2, and blood was obtained from the caudal vein before (0 h) and after (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h) of drug administration. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of plasma concentration, and a non-compartmental model was used for the analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters. After IV administration, elimination half-life (t1/2λz, 24.49 h), mean residence time (MRT, 30.14 h), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss, 1.07 L/kg) and total body clearance (CLT, 0.035 L/h/kg) were determined. After IM administration, t1/2λz, MRT, peak concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax and bioavailability were 47.64 h, 61.06 h, 5.22 µg/mL, 1 h and 67.12%, respectively. After IM administration, danofloxacin showed good bioavailability and long t1/2λz. The favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics after IM administration support the use of danofloxacin for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in catfish.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of gasoline on the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus(Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana D. Simonato ◽  
Marisa N. Fernandes ◽  
Cláudia B. R. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Plasma Osmolarity ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Osmotic Balance

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) on the Neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus. The WSFG was prepared by mixing gasoline in water (1:4) and animals were exposed for 6, 24 and 96h to 5% diluted WSFG or only to water. After exposure, blood was collected from the caudal vein and the gills were removed. The following parameters were analyzed: hematological (hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of red blood cells), osmo-ionic (plasma Na+, Cl- and K+ and plasma osmolarity), metabolic (total plasma proteins and glucose), endocrine (cortisol), density and distribution of chloride cells [CC] in the gills (immunohistochemistry), and branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. Hemolysis was found to occur after 96h exposure to WSFG, as indicated by the decrease in the hematological parameters analyzed, followed by an increase in plasma K+. Secondary stress response was revealed by the occurrence of hyperglycemia in the three periods of exposure, despite the absence of significant increases in the plasma cortisol. The exposure to WSFG also caused an increase in the quantity of CC and in plasma Na+, after 24h, as well as in the enzymatic activity of NKA and plasma osmolarity, after 24h and 96h. These results indicate that fish exposed to the WSFG showed physiological adjusts to maintain their osmotic balance. However, the increase in the quantity of CC in the lamellae may interfere in the gas exchange impairing respiration.

Sublethal Effects of Environmental Acidification on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Dorsal aorta blood samples were taken from cannulated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to pH 4.0 (acid group) or pH 7.0 (controls) in normocapnic conditions at 10 °C. Over a 5-d period there was a significant gradual decrease in pH and total CO2 in the acid group but no significant difference in pO2 and lactate compared to the controls. After uncannulated rainbow trout were exposed to the same conditions for 12 d there were significant increases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels in caudal vein samples from the acid group. The results show that rainbow trout exposed to acid without hypercapnia develop acidaemia which is not a result of anaerobic respiration. The increase in erythrocyte concentration probably offsets the effects of acidaemia upon blood oxygen carrying capacity. Differences in ambient pCO2 and/or species differences could account for varying acid-base values in acid exposed fish reported by different workers. Key words: environmental acidification, acidaemia, lactate, pH, total carbonate, fish

Detecting Establishment of Shared Blood Supply in Parabiotic Mice by Caudal Vein Glucose Injection

10.3791/60411 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Caudal Vein

Macrovascular dopamine release

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. R1244-R1249
Author(s):  
S. Kraschinski ◽  
A. Epple ◽  
B. Nibbio
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Cardinal Vein ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Ventral Aorta

In an animal model, the American eel, perifused elastic arteries and large veins, but not the heart and organs with extensive microvascular supply (gills and opisthonephric kidney), release spontaneously free dopamine. Only the region of the cardinal vein, which contains the adrenomedullary equivalent, also releases norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E). Ca2+, KCl, and E stimulate dopamine release from the ventral aorta and caudal vein, indicating that this phenomenon is due to secretion and not to washout. E also stimulates NE release from the ventral aorta and caudal vein. In the rat, both aorta and vena cava spontaneously release dopamine and NE. Thus dopamine secretion from large blood vessels may be general in vertebrates. The dopamine response to high physiological concentrations of E in vivo and in vitro suggests that macrovascular dopamine may be involved in local stress responses.

scholarly journals Synergistic interaction of sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis during zebrafish caudal vein plexus development

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapna karthik ◽  
Tijana Djukic ◽  
Jun-Dae Kim ◽  
Benoît Zuber ◽  
Andrew Makanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Intussusceptive Angiogenesis ◽  
Caudal Vein

Induction of stress by the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus in European eels, Anguilla anguilla, after repeated experimental infection

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SURES ◽  
K. KNOPF ◽  
W. KLOAS
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Anguillicola Crassus ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Different Doses

The purpose of this study was to determine under laboratory conditions over a period of 311 days if infection with the nematode Anguillicola crassus induces stress in European eels (Anguilla anguilla), and stimulates the endocrine stress axis as measured by serum cortisol levels. Eels were experimentally infected with 3rd-stage larvae (L3) in different doses to simulate natural conditions with varying infection pressures. Blood samples were drawn from the caudal vein every 2 weeks and serum cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that the application of L3 resulted in a significant increase in the cortisol levels. The period of time at which elevated cortisol values were observed was consistent with the time of larval development and the appearance of adult A. crassus. Thus, there is a stress response to the larval and young adult stages, but no chronic response to older adults. Therefore, it is likely that infection of eels under natural conditions especially with a high number of larvae may be a considerable stressor, in combination with different environmental factors like water temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, pollution and inter-individual relationships.

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