Partial factors and reliability verification for the site load factor approach for the assessment of existing bridges

Structures ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Sergi Pérez Sifre ◽  
Roman Lenner
Keyword(s):  
Load Factor ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Reliability Verification

Aerodynamic Shape Influence and Optimum Thickness Distribution Analysis of Perceptive Wind Turbine Blade

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
J. V. Muruga Lal Jeyan ◽  
Akhila Rupesh ◽  
Jency Lal
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Optimum Thickness

The aerodynamic module combines the three-dimensional nonlinear lifting surface theory approach, which provides the effective propagated incident velocity and angle of attack at the blade section separately, and a two-dimensional panel method for steady axisymmetric and non-symmetric flow has to be involved to obtain the 3D pressure and velocity distribution on the wind mill model blade. Wind mill and turbines have become an economically competitive form of efficiency and renewable work generation. In the abroad analytical studies, the wind turbine blades to be the target of technological improvements by the use of highly possible systematic , aerodynamic and design, material analysis, fabrication and testing. Wind energy is a peculiar form of reduced form of density source of power. To make wind power feasible, it is important to optimize the efficiency of converting wind energy into productivity source. Among the different aspects involved, rotor aerodynamics is a key determinant for achieving this goal. There is a tradeoff between thin airfoil and structural efficiency. Both of which have a strong impact on the cost of work generated. Hence the design and analysis process for optimum design requires determining the load factor, pressure and velocity impact and optimum thickness distribution by finding the effect of blade shape by varying thickness on the basis of both the aerodynamic output and the structural weight.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of Etodolac by liquisolid compact technique: optimisation, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhumin K. Pathak ◽  
Meenakshi Raghav ◽  
Arti R. Thakkar ◽  
Bhavin A. Vyas ◽  
Pranav J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Q 30

Background: Poor dissolution of Etodolac is one of the major challenges in achieving the desired therapeutic effect in oral therapy. Objective: This study aimed to assess the potential of liquisolid compact technique in increasing the rate of dissolution of Etodolac and thus its bioavailability. Methods: Liquisolid compacts were prepared using PEG 400, Avicel PH-200 and Aerosil 200 as non-volatile liquid, carrier and coating material respectively. Optimisation was carried out by applying a 32 full factorial design using Design expert software 11.0.3.0 to examine the effects of independent variables (load factor and carrier: coating ratio) on dependent variables (angle of repose and % cumulative drug release at 30 min [Q 30 min]).Assessment of bioavailability was based on pharmacokinetic study in rabbits and pharmacodynamics evaluation in rats respectively. Results: The formulation M3 was identified as the optimised formulation based on the better flow (lower angle of repose) and a higher rate of dissolution (Q 30 min >95%). The higher dissolution rate could be due to conversion of Etodolac into an amorphous molecularly dispersed state, availability of larger surface area, enhancement of aqueous solubility and enhanced wetting of drug particles. Studies with DSC, XRD, and SEM verified the transformation of Etodolac from crystalline to amorphous state, a key factor responsible for improving the dissolution rate. Pharmacokinetic profile of M3 was prominent, demonstrating higher absorption of Etodolac in comparison of oral suspension and immediate-release conventional tablets in rabbits. Liquisolid formulation exhibited 27% increment in paw thickness as compared to 57% and 46% increments for oral suspension and immediate-release conventional tablets respectively, after 7 hrs in carrageenan-induced paw model in rats. Conclusion: The results indicated liquisolid compact technique to be a promising strategy to enhance the bioavailability of Etodolac.

Analysis of the Safety Factors of Municipal Road Undercrossing Existing Bridge Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110318
Author(s):  
Yonghong Yang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Zude Tang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Engineering Projects

Increasing traffic volume and insufficient road lanes often require municipal roads to be reconstructed and expanded. Where a road passes under a bridge, the reconstruction and expansion project will inevitably have an impact on the bridge. To evaluate the safety impact of road engineering projects on bridges, this paper evaluates the safety of the roads and ancillary facilities of highway bridges involved in municipal road engineering projects. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the safety factors of municipal roads undercrossing existing bridges, a fuzzy comprehensive analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation method for the influence of road construction on the safety of existing bridges is proposed. First, AHP is used to select 11 evaluation factors. Second, the target layer, criterion layer, and index layer of evaluation factors are established, then a safety evaluation factor system is formed. The three-scale AHP model is used to determine the weight of assessment indexes. Third, through the fuzzy comprehensive AHP evaluation model, the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation is carried out for the safety assessment index system. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the engineering example of a municipal road undercrossing an existing expressway bridge. The comprehensive safety evaluation of the existing bridge reflects the practicability and feasibility of the method. It is expected that, with further development, the method will improve the decision-making process in bridge safety assessment systems.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental study of the dynamic factor of the dynamic load on the urban railway

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Tran Anh Dung ◽  
Mai Van Tham ◽  
Do Xuan Quy ◽  
Tran The Truyen ◽  
Pham Van Ky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
Dynamic Load Factor

AbstractThis paper presents simulation calculations and experimental measurements to determine the dynamic load factor (DLF) of train on the urban railway in Vietnam. Simulation calculations are performed by SIMPACK software. Dynamic measurement experiments were conducted on Cat Linh – Ha Dong line. The simulation and experimental results provide the DLF values with the largest difference of 2.46% when the train speed varies from 0 km/h to 80 km/h

scholarly journals Analysis study the used of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) on an existing train bridge due to high speed train with moving mass load approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wivia Octarena Nugroho ◽  
Dina Rubiana Widarda ◽  
Oryza Herdha Dwyana
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Comfort Criteria

As the need of the train speed increased, the existing bridges need to be evaluated, especially in dynamic responses, which are deformation and acceleration. In this study, Cisomang Bridge is modeled and analyzed due to the high-speed train SJ X2 in varying speeds, 50 km/h, 100 km/h, 150 km/h, and 200 km/h. The used of tuned mass damper also will be varied on its setting and placing. The tuned mass dampers setting be varied based on the first or second natural frequency and the placing of tuned mass damper be varied based on maximum deformation of the first or second mode. Moreover, the tuned mass damper ratio will be varied 1% and 1.6%. For all speed variations, dynamic responses of structure without TMD still fulfil the Indonesian Government Criterion based on PM 60 - 2012 but do not meet requirement of comfort criteria based on DIN-Fachbericht 101. Furthermore, only for the speed train 50km/h dynamic responses of structure fulfil safety criteria based on Eurocode EN 1990:2002, whereas the other speed variations do not meet that requirement. In the use of TMD 1% mass ratio, the structure fulfils the safety criteria for all speed variations. In the use of TMD 1.6% mass ratio, all the structure fulfils the safety and comfort criteria except 100 km/h speed which only fulfils the safety criteria.

Finite Element Analysis of the ESTELA M1 Airplane Firewall (Representative Specimen)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramirez-Elias ◽  
E. Ledesma-Orozco ◽  
H. Hernandez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Representative Specimen ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
The Relationship

This paper shows the finite element simulation of a representative specimen from the firewall section in the AEROMARMI ESTELA M1 aircraft. This specimen is manufactured in glass and carbon / epoxy laminates. The specimen is subjected to a load which direction and magnitude are determined by a previous dynamic loads study [10], taking into account the maximum load factor allowed by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) for utilitarian aircrafts [11]. A representative specimen is manufactured with the same features of the firewall. Meanwhile a fix is built in order to introduce the load directions on the representative specimen. The relationship between load and displacement is plotted for this representative specimen, whence the maximum displacement at the specific load is obtained, afterwards it is compared with the finite element model, which is modified in its laminate thicknesses in order to decrease the deviation error; subsequently this features could be applied to perform the whole firewall analysis in a future model [10].

A New High-Efficiency Heavy-Duty Combustion Turbine 701F

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fukue ◽  
S. Aoki ◽  
K. Aoyama ◽  
S. Umemura ◽  
A. Merola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Reliability Verification

The 701F is a high-temperature 50 Hz industrial grade 220 MW size engine based on a scaling of the 501F 150 MW class 60 Hz machine, and incorporates a higher compressor pressure ratio to increase the thermal efficiency. The prototype engine is under a two-year performance and reliability verification testing program at MHI’s Yokohama Plant and was initially fired in June of 1992. This paper describes the 701F design features design changes made from 501F. The associated performance and reliability verification test program will also be presented.

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