Adoption of Risk-Related Factors Through Early Adolescence: Associations with Weight Status and Implications for Causal Mechanisms

BACKGROUND The H1N2 Coronovirus, commonly referred to as COVID-19, has devastated economies, education, personal well-being, and many other aspects of human life. Screening, therapeutics, and vaccines are necessary to combat the virus as are preventative measures such as mask wearing and social distancing. While most health agencies agree these basic behaviors reduce the transmission of COVID-19, efforts to improve the assessment of these behaviors are lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to create a direct observation video method [Viral Transmission (VT)-scan] for assessing COVID-19 transmission behaviors and related personal (e.g., weight status) and environmental (e.g., place – crosswalk) factors, examine the reliability of VT-scan and apply VT-scan in a case study. METHODS A wearable video device (WVD) was used to obtain videos along a 4.69 mi pre-determined route that coursed through educational, retail/business, and residential areas. Videos were collected on one weekday/wk over a seven-wk period between 11:15 a.m. and 12:19 p.m. Week 1 videos were used to examine the reliability of VT-scan while videos from weeks two to seven were used for the case study. Information on mask wearing, physical distancing, surface/face touching, and personal and environmental factors were was extracted from the videos by trained reviewers according to a set of comprehensive rules. RESULTS At total of 129 and 916 people were described for the pilot and case studies, respectively. All outcomes displayed good to excellent intra- and inter-reliability with ICCs ranging from 0.836 to 0.997. Further, significant (p<0.001) Kappa statistics were found for all outcomes and no differences in geolocations were noted between reviews. In the case study, most people described were 18-30 y of age (72.5%), white (81.1%), and normal weight (80.7%). The majority had a mask (60.8%) but 22.1% of them wore it improperly, 45.4% were not physical distancing, and 27.6% were simultaneously mask and physical distancing non-compliant. Transmission behaviors varied by demographics with white, overweight/obese males least likely to be mask-compliant and white, overweight/obese females least likely to practice physical distancing. Certain environments (e.g. crosswalks) were identified as “hot spots” or areas where higher rates of adverse transmission behaviors occurred. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces a reliable method for obtaining objective data on COVID-19 transmission behaviors and related factors. It may be especially useful for describing micro-scale (localized) level data for use in agent-based modeling and policy formation/adjustment.

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Body weight misperception and health-related factors among Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2017-0149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pooneh Angoorani ◽

Ramin Heshmat ◽

Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽

Mostafa Qorbani ◽

Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Weight Status ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Weight Group ◽

Related Factors ◽

Weight Misperception ◽

Health Related ◽

Iranian Children

AbstractBackground:Along with increased prevalence of obesity, body weight misperception has also increased among adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the proportion of weight misperception among Iranian children and adolescents and its association with some health-related factors.Methods:Data were collected from 14,440 Iranian students, aged 7–18 years, who participated in the national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN-V). The students’ anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured using standardized methods, and valid questionnaires were used to assess their weight perception, eating patterns, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. According to agreements between the real weight and self-perceived weight status, participants were classified as underestimated, accurate and overestimated weight.Results:The rates of underestimated, accurate and overestimated weight were 30.8%, 40.8% and 28.4%, respectively. In comparison with the accurate-weight group, both the underestimated- and overestimated-weight groups were less likely to have daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93 and OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.34–0.44, respectively), sweets (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.90 and OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.76, respectively) and salty snacks (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.92 and OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.24–0.38, respectively). In the overestimated-weight group, the odds of daily intake of fast food decreased by 67% and the odds of low physical activity declined by 38% in comparison with the accurate-weight group.Conclusions:Weight misperception had a high prevalence among Iranian children and adolescents and is associated with their dietary patterns and physical activity behaviors. Suitable education programs need to be developed to correct the children and adolescents’ insight about their weight status.

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A Silver Lining: The Role of Ethnic Diversity on Co-Occurring Trajectories of Weight Status and Peer Victimization Across Early Adolescence

Journal of Adolescent Health ◽

10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 554-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. Isabella Lanza ◽

Leslie Echols ◽

Sandra Graham

Keyword(s):

Peer Victimization ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Silver Lining

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The relationship of family meal frequency and weight status in Hong Kong adolescent and related factors

10.5353/th_b4765747 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Hiu-yeung Chan

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Weight Status ◽

Meal Frequency ◽

Related Factors ◽

Family Meal ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Longitudinal Relations of Perceived Availability of Neighborhood Sport Facilities With Physical Activity in Adolescents: An Analysis of Potential Moderators

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0077 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 581-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bonny Yee-Man Wong ◽

Sai-Yin Ho ◽

Wing-Sze Lo ◽

Ester Cerin ◽

Kwok-Kei Mak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

Related Factors ◽

Perceived Availability ◽

Sport Facilities

Background:Little is known about the longitudinal relations of environment attributes and leisure-time physical activity (PA) in adolescents, and the moderating effects of individual characteristics. This study examined the longitudinal association of the perceived availability of neighborhood sport facilities with leisure-time PA, and the potential moderating effects of age, past PA behavior, and weight status in adolescents.Methods:Among 20,933 follow-up subjects (60.9% of 34,369 baseline subjects), 9993 from 32 Hong Kong secondary schools were successfully matched with baseline (mean duration 16 months; SD 1.7) and had complete information. At baseline and follow-up, respondents reported their leisure-time PA, weight, height, and the presence of sport facilities in the neighborhood.Results:Increased perceived availability of sport facilities from baseline to follow-up predicted more leisure-time PA at follow-up (β = 1.029; 95% CI: 1.011–1.047) overall. This effect was modified by baseline PA, with a significant effect observed only among those who had engaged in leisure-time PA more than 3 times a week.Conclusions:Increasing awareness of neighborhood sport facilities or building more such facilities may help active adolescents maintain or increase their leisure-time PA. However, more comprehensive multilevel interventions that aim at enhancing potential social, personal, and environmental PA-related factors may be needed to motivate inactive adolescents.

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Anthropometric Status, Diet, and Dental Caries among Schoolchildren

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18137027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 7027

Author(s):

Chin-En Yen ◽

Yuh-Yih Lin ◽

Suh-Woan Hu

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Weight Status ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

World Health ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Health Examination ◽

Related Factors ◽

Anthropometric Status

Childhood dental caries and obesity are prevalent health problems. Results from previous studies of the caries–obesity relationship are conflicting. This study aimed to assess the association between anthropometric status and dental caries among schoolchildren, taking into account dietary habits, oral hygiene, and sociodemographic factors. This cross-sectional study recruited 569 children aged 6–12 years from five elementary schools in central Taiwan. Each child underwent an oral health examination and anthropometric measurements. The DMFT (decayed, missing due to caries, and filled permanent teeth) and deft (decayed, extracted, and filled primary teeth) indexes were calculated to record caries experience. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on food intake frequency and other related factors. The World Health Organization’s reference data was applied to define weight status: obese, overweight, and normal/underweight. The results showed that the mean (±standard deviation) deft and DMFT scores were 2.3 ± 2.6 and 0.7 ± 1.2, respectively, among participating children. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 18.1% and 18.5%, respectively. After comprehensive evaluation of potential confounders, weight status was not an independent predictor of DMFT or deft scores in the negative binomial regression models. In conclusion, weight status was not associated with caries scores in primary or permanent teeth among 6–12 year-old schoolchildren.

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Lifetime antimicrobial use is associated with weight status in early adolescence—A register‐based cohort study

Pediatric Obesity ◽

10.1111/ijpo.12727 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rejane Augusta de Oliveira Figueiredo ◽

Eero Kajantie ◽

Pertti J. Neuvonen ◽

Trine B. Rounge ◽

Elisabete Weiderpass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Weight Status ◽

Antimicrobial Use

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Diet-Related Factors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Polish Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2532 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz ◽

Jerzy Gębski ◽

Marta Plichta ◽

Dominika Guzek ◽

Małgorzata Kosicka-Gębska

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Food Consumed

Obesity is a serious problem for both the individual and society due to its health and economic consequences. Therefore, there is a need to focus on factors which explain this phenomenon and may be useful in preventing future occurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle factors coexisting with increased body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Polish adults, including factors related to diet (dietary patterns—DPs; dietary restrictions; number of meals; frequency of snacking, eating out, and ordering home delivery meals), physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was carried out in 2016 amongst 972 Polish adults under the Life Style Study (LSS). To determine the factorscoexisting with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, the logistic regression model was developed. Women were less likely to be overweight or obese compared to men. The likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 increased with age by 4% in each subsequent year of life. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, adhering to restrictions in quantity of food consumed and at least moderate physical activity during leisure time decreased the likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. More frequent consumption of meat and eating five or more meals a day increased the likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Diet-related factors explained the developed model better than factors related to physical activity, however, age and gender were the factors most strongly correlated with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Therefore, development of strategies to prevent and reduce overweight and obesity should focus on the demographic characteristics of the population, and then on teaching behaviors conducive for reducing the amount of food consumed, especially meat. However, physical activity in leisure time should also be included in the prevention of obesity.

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