An opposite trend for collision intensity of minor-phase globules within an immiscible alloy droplet

Ultrafiltration of untreated and pretreated aqueous radioactive wastes was conducted using a spiral-wound polysulphonamide membrane. The influence of process factors on its performances was experimental studied and predicted. Permeate volumetric flux and permeate total suspended solids (TSS) were measured at different values of feed flow rate (7 and 10 m3/h), operating pressure (0.1-0.4 MPa), and feed TSS (15 and 60 mg/L). Permeate flux (42-200 L/(m2�h)) increased with feed flow rate and operating pressure as well as it decreased with an increase in feed TSS, whereas permeate TSS (0.1-33.2 mg/L) exhibited an opposite trend. A 23 factorial plan was used to establish correlations between dependent and independent variables of ultrafiltration process.

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The Physical Adsorption of Gelatinized Starch with Tannic Acid Decreases the Inhibitory Activity of the Polyphenol against α-Amylase

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1233

Author(s):

Yueyi Wang ◽

Shuangshuang Li ◽

Fangting Bai ◽

Junwei Cao ◽

Lijun Sun

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Inhibition ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Adsorption Property ◽

Physical Adsorption ◽

Enzyme Active Site ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Gelatinized Starch ◽

The Difference

The effects of mixing orders of tannic acid (TA), starch, and α-amylase on the enzyme inhibition of TA were studied, including mixing TA with α-amylase before starch addition (order 1), mixing TA with pre-gelatinized starch before α-amylase addition (order 2) and co-gelatinizing TA with starch before α-amylase addition (order 3). It was found that the enzyme inhibition was always highest for order 1 because TA could bind with the enzyme active site thoroughly before digestion occurred. Both order 2 and 3 reduced α-amylase inhibition through decreasing binding of TA with the enzyme, which resulted from the non-covalent physical adsorption of TA with gelatinized starch. Interestingly, at low TA concentration, α-amylase inhibition for order 2 was higher than order 3, while at high TA concentration, the inhibition was shown with the opposite trend, which arose from the difference in the adsorption property between the pre-gelatinized and co-gelatinized starch at the corresponding TA concentrations. Moreover, both the crystalline structures and apparent morphology of starch were not significantly altered by TA addition for order 2 and 3. Conclusively, although a polyphenol has an acceptable inhibitory activity in vitro, the actual effect may not reach the expected one when taking processing procedures into account.

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Characterizing Autophagy in the Cold Ischemic Injury of Small Bowel Grafts: Evidence from Rat Jejunum

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11060396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 396

Author(s):

Ibitamuno Caleb ◽

Luca Erlitz ◽

Vivien Telek ◽

Mónika Vecsernyés ◽

György Sétáló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Ischemic Injury ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Cold Ischemia ◽

Cold Preservation ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Preservation Injury ◽

Apoptotic Damage

Cold ischemic injury to the intestine during preservation remains an unresolved issue in transplantation medicine. Autophagy, a cytoplasmic protein degradation pathway, is essential for metabolic adaptation to starvation, hypoxia, and ischemia. It has been implicated in the cold ischemia (CI) of other transplantable organs. This study determines the changes in intestinal autophagy evoked by cold storage and explores the effects of autophagy on ischemic grafts. Cold preservation was simulated by placing the small intestines of Wistar rats in an IGL-1 (Institute George Lopez) solution at 4 °C for varying periods (3, 6, 9, and 12 h). The extent of graft preservation injury (mucosal and cellular injury) and changes in autophagy were measured after each CI time. Subsequently, we determined the differences in apoptosis and preservation injury after activating autophagy with rapamycin or inhibiting it with 3-methyladenine. The results revealed that ischemic injury and autophagy were induced by cold storage. Autophagy peaked at 3 h and subsequently declined. After 12 h of storage, autophagic expression was reduced significantly. Additionally, enhanced intestinal autophagy by rapamycin was associated with less tissue, cellular, and apoptotic damage during and after the 12-h long preservation. After reperfusion, grafts with enhanced autophagy still presented with less injury. Inhibiting autophagy exhibited the opposite trend. These findings demonstrate intestinal autophagy changes in cold preservation. Furthermore, enhanced autophagy was protective against cold ischemia–reperfusion damage of the small bowels.

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Identification, Phylogeny, and Comparative Expression of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family of the Aquatic Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, during Growth and in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salt

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21249527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 9527

Author(s):

Rakesh K. Upadhyay ◽

Marvin Edelman ◽

Autar K. Mattoo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gene Family ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Feedback Regulation ◽

Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Lipoxygenase Gene ◽

Lipoxygenase Gene Family

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids and produce oxylipins, including the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Little information is available about the LOX gene family in aquatic plants. We identified a novel LOX gene family comprising nine LOX genes in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed). The reduced anatomy of S. polyrhiza did not lead to a reduction in LOX family genes. The 13-LOX subfamily, with seven genes, predominates, while the 9-LOX subfamily is reduced to two genes, an opposite trend from known LOX families of other plant species. As the 13-LOX subfamily is associated with the synthesis of JA/MeJA, its predominance in the Spirodela genome raises the possibility of a higher requirement for the hormone in the aquatic plant. JA-/MeJA-based feedback regulation during culture aging as well as the induction of LOX gene family members within 6 h of salt exposure are demonstrated.

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Kinetics of the microstructure formation in a rapid solidified immiscible alloy

Computational Materials Science ◽

10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.03.037 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 400-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jiuzhou Zhao ◽

Haili Li ◽

Qingliang Wang ◽

Jie He

Keyword(s):

Microstructure Formation ◽

Immiscible Alloy ◽

Kinetics Of

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Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) in Internal Jugular Venous Blood of Migraine without aura Patients Assessed during Migraine Attacks

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2003.00717.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 623-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

P Sarchielli ◽

A Alberti ◽

F Coppola ◽

A Baldi ◽

B Gallai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activation ◽

High Performance ◽

Neurogenic Inflammation ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Catheter Insertion ◽

Reverse Phase Hplc ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Serial Samples ◽

Radioimmunoassay Method

The aim of the study was to verify the production of PAF and the activity of PAF acetyl-hydrolase (PAF-AH), the enzyme involved in the catabolism of this phospholipid mediator, in migraine attacks. Their levels were determined during migraine crises in serial samples of internal jugular venous blood taken from five migraine patients without aura, who were admitted to the hospital during the crises. Internal jugular venous blood samples were taken immediately after catheter insertion at 1, 2, and 4 h after attack onset, and within 2 h from its cessation. PAF was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and determined by radioimmunoassay method. The enzymatic activity of PAF-AH was measured by reverse-phase HPLC, based on the derivatization with 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carbonylazide. In the internal jugular venous blood of migraine patients without aura (MO), an increase was observed in PAF levels, which was already evident at the time of catheter insertion (885.6 ± 82.8) and at the first hour (868.4 ± 65.24) (ANOVA: P < 0.0001). PAF levels remained elevated through the second (746.8 ± 82.95), fourth (700.6 ± 34.93) and sixth hours (644.4 ± 42.85), and then decreased at the end of the attack, reaching levels significantly lower than those measured at the time of catheter insertion (565.5 ± 38.34). The activity of PAF-AH showed an opposite trend with higher values at the first hour and significantly lower values at the second and fourth hours from the beginning of the migraine attack (ANOVA: P < 0.02). The increased production of PAF may account for persistent platelet activation during migraine crises, even in the presence of an increased production of nitric oxide (NO) end-products which, on the other hand, should instead intervene in counteracting and limiting platelet activation. Potential sources of PAF production are the endothelial cells from cerebral vessels, stimulated by trigeminal neuropeptides, platelets themselves, and mast cells, as suggested by the neurogenic inflammation model.

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Terrorism before and after 9/11 – a more dangerous world?

Research & Politics ◽

10.1177/2053168017739757 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 205316801773975 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meagan Smith ◽

Sean M. Zeigler

Keyword(s):

Civil Conflict ◽

New Age ◽

Domestic Terrorism ◽

Terrorist Activity ◽

The Past ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Before And After ◽

Shed Light

Was 9/11 the opening salvo in a new age of terrorism? Some argue that this act ushered in a more chaotic world. Others contend an increased focus on terrorism in the past 15 years is the result of conflating terrorist activity with insurgency. We shed light on these claims by analyzing data on domestic and transnational terrorist incidence from 1989 to 2014. The evidence suggests that the years since 9/11 have been different from those preceding them. Once the prevalence of conflicts is accounted for, the post-9/11 era is a significantly less terror prone period than the years before it. A country not suffering civil conflict was upwards of 60 percent more likely to experience terrorism prior to or during the year 2001 than since. However, the opposite trend holds for those countries with a higher proportion of Muslims. Prior to 2001, countries with higher Muslim populations experienced less domestic terrorism. Since 9/11, these countries have experienced significantly more terrorism – both domestic and international – than they had previously.

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