MgO-modified biochar increases phosphate retention and rice yields in saline-alkaline soil

Abstract In this study, original rice straw biochar and two KMnO4-modified biochars (pre- and postmodification) were prepared, which were all pyrolysed at 400℃. Premodified biochar had the largest Cd adsorption capacity, strongest acid and solute buffering capacity, which benefited from the increase of carbonate content, specific surface area and the emergence of Mn(II) and MnOx through modification. Original and premodified biochars were then conducted four types of aging process, namely, aging without soil, co-aging with acid (pH=5.00), neutral (pH=7.00) and alkaline (pH=8.30) soils, using an improved three-layer mesh method. The adsorption capacities of modified biochar were always larger than those of original biochar after aging processes. After four aging processes, Cd(II) adsorption capacities were basically in the order of aged biochar without soil > biochar co-aged with alkaline soil > biochar co-aged with neutral soil > biochar co-aged with acid soil, and KMnO4-modified biochar was always better than original biochar after co-aging with soils. The dominant adsorption mechanism of original and premodified biochars (fresh and aged) for Cd(II) was all the precipitation and adsorption with minerals (accounted for 58.55%~85.55%). In this study, we highlighted that biochar remediation for Cd should be evaluated by co-aging with soil instead of aging without soil participation.

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Phosphate binders in patients with chronic kidney disease: Between the new and the old.

10.32512/jmr.2.1.2019/2.3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2-3

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Phosphate Binders ◽

Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Phosphate Retention ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Dietary Phosphate

Impaired phosphate excretion by the kidney leads to Hyperphosphatemia. It is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 4 and 5) particularly in case of dialysis. Phosphate retention develops early in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the reduction in the filtered phosphate load. Overt hyperphosphatemia develops when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) falls below 25 to 40 mL/min/1.73 m2. Hyperphosphatemia is typically managed with oral phosphate binders in conjunction with dietary phosphate restriction. These drugs aim to decrease serum phosphate by binding ingested phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract and its transformation to non-absorbable complexes [1].

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ALTERNATIVE P-FERTILISERS FOR NORTHLAND SOILS

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1986.47.1734 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 229-232

Author(s):

P.W. Shannon

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Rock Phosphates ◽

Distribution Costs ◽

Phosphate Retention ◽

Sechura Phosphate Rock ◽

Local Product ◽

Application Frequency ◽

Chatham Rise Phosphorite

Increasing material, processing, and distribution costs have raised superphosphate prices to a point where many farms cannot support the costs of meeting maintenance phosphate requires men& Alternatives to superphosphate, particularly those that have lower processing costs and contain more P, may offer a solution to the problem provided they are agronomically as effective. Phosphate rock may indeed be such an alternative. Preliminary results from a series of five trials in Northland show that on soils of moderate P fertility, with low phosphate retention (PR) and high pH (5.9.6.0), initial pasture growth responses to rock phosphates are smaller than those from single or triple superphosphate. On one soil of higher PR and lower pH, the differences in yield between the rock-phosphates and the super. phosphates were smaller. Of the rock phosphates tested, Sechura and North Carolina (unground and ungranulated) tended to be more effective than ground and granulated Chatham Rise phosphorite. The effect on production of applying fertilisers once every three years, as opposed to annual applications is being investigated using triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock. After two years, production levels appear largely unaffected by differences in application frequency. A comparison of locally-produced superphosphate with a reference standard showed that both performed similarly, indicating that the local product was of satisfactory quality.

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Properties of saline-alkaline soil under different land use types in Yellow River Delta

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011.2009.01132 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1132-1136

Author(s):

Qing-Mei LI ◽

Long-Yu HOU ◽

Yan LIU ◽

Feng-Yun MA

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Yellow River ◽

Yellow River Delta ◽

River Delta ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Land Use Types

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Renal Phosphate Handling in Antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected Patients

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200707115259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Tewogbade Adeoye Adedeji ◽

Simeon Adelani. Adebisi ◽

Nife Olamide Adedeji ◽

Olusola Akanni Jeje ◽

Rotimi Samuel Owolabi

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Plasma Phosphate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Phosphate Retention ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

One Year ◽

Sectional Analysis

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs renal function, thereby affecting renal phosphate metabolism. Objectives: We prospectively estimated the prevalence of phosphate abnormalities (mild, moderate to life-threatening hypophosphataemia, and hyperphosphataemia) before initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 170 consecutive newly diagnosed ART-naïve, HIV-infected patients attending our HIV/AIDS clinics over a period of one year. Fifty (50) screened HIV-negative blood donors were used for comparison (controls). Blood and urine were collected simultaneously for phosphate and creatinine assay to estimate fractional phosphate excretion (FEPi %) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: eGFR showed significant difference between patients’ and controls’ medians (47.89ml/min/1.73m2 versus 60ml/min/1.73m2, p <0.001); which denotes a moderate chronic kidney disease in the patients. Of the 170 patients, 78 (45.9%) had normal plasma phosphate (0.6-1.4 mmol/L); 85 (50%) had hyperphosphataemia. Grades 1, 2 and 3 hypophosphataemia was observed in 3 (1.8%), 3 (1.8%), and 1(0.5%) patient(s) respectively. None had grade 4 hypophosphataemia. Overall, the patients had significantly higher median of plasma phosphate than the controls, 1.4 mmol/L (IQR: 1.0 – 2.2) versus 1.1 mmol/L (IQR: 0.3 – 1.6), p <0.001, implying hyperphosphataemia in the patients; significantly lower median urine phosphate than the controls, 1.5 mmol/L (IQR: 0.7 -2.1) versus 8.4 mmol/L (IQR: 3.4 – 16), p <0.001), justifying the hyperphosphataemia is from phosphate retention; but a non-significantly lower median FEPi% than the controls, 0.96 % (IQR: 0.3 -2.2) versus 1.4% (IQR: 1.2 -1.6), p > 0.05. Predictors of FEPi% were age (Odds ratio, OR 0.9, p = 0.009); weight (OR 2.0, p < 0.001); CD4+ cells count predicted urine phosphate among males (p = 0.029). Conclusion: HIV infection likely induces renal insufficiency with reduced renal phosphate clearance. Thus, hyperphosphataemia is highly prevalent, and there is mild to moderate hypophosphataemia but its life-threatening form (grade 4) is rare among ART-naïve HIV patients.

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Maintaining the Camps

10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Connie Y. Chiang

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Natural World ◽

Japanese American ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Water Pipelines ◽

American Labor

This chapter focuses on the maintenance of the camps. It explores how wartime shortages and Japanese American labor protests intersected with harsh environmental conditions, complicating the WRA’s efforts to keep the camps running smoothly. One of the first challenges was finding adequate coal to heat the camps during the winter. The WRA then confronted the protests of detainees, who called attention to how seasonal changes added to their labor duties. Alkaline soil, moreover, ate away at water pipelines and required constant repairs. The natural world helped to shape modes of Japanese American resistance, as some individuals refused to work or went on strike.

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Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96771-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khadim Dawar ◽

Shah Fahad ◽

M. M. R. Jahangir ◽

Iqbal Munir ◽

Syed Sartaj Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Urease Inhibitor ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Total N ◽

N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

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