scholarly journals Large-scale infectious disease testing programs have little consideration for equity: findings from a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Ost ◽  
Louise Duquesne ◽  
Claudia Duguay ◽  
Lola Traverson ◽  
Isadora Mathevet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Testing

scholarly journals Oil Immersed Lossless Total Analysis System (OIL-TAS): Integrated RNA Extraction and Detection for SARS-CoV-2 Testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane S. Juang ◽  
Terry D. Juang ◽  
Dawn M. Dudley ◽  
Christina M. Newman ◽  
Thomas C. Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Input Concentration ◽  
Total Analysis System ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Disease Testing

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposed difficulties in scaling current quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based diagnostic methodologies for large-scale infectious disease testing. Bottlenecks include the lengthy multi-step process of nucleic acid extraction followed by qPCR readouts, which require costly instrumentation and infrastructure, as well as reagent and plastic consumable shortages stemming from supply chain constraints. Here we report a novel Oil Immersed Lossless Total Analysis System (OIL-TAS), which integrates RNA extraction and detection onto a single device that is simple, rapid, cost effective, uses minimal supplies and requires reduced infrastructure to perform. We validated the performance of OIL-TAS using contrived samples containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, which show that the assay can reliably detect an input concentration of 10 copies/μL and sporadically detect down to 1 copy/μL. The OIL-TAS method can serve as a faster, cheaper, and easier-to-deploy alternative to current qPCR-based methods for infectious disease testing.

scholarly journals Oil immersed lossless total analysis system for integrated RNA extraction and detection of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane S. Juang ◽  
Terry D. Juang ◽  
Dawn M. Dudley ◽  
Christina M. Newman ◽  
Molly A. Accola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Total Analysis System ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Disease Testing

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic exposed difficulties in scaling current quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based diagnostic methodologies for large-scale infectious disease testing. Bottlenecks include lengthy multi-step processes for nucleic acid extraction followed by qPCR readouts, which require costly instrumentation and infrastructure, as well as reagent and plastic consumable shortages stemming from supply chain constraints. Here we report an Oil Immersed Lossless Total Analysis System (OIL-TAS), which integrates RNA extraction and detection onto a single device that is simple, rapid, cost effective, and requires minimal supplies and infrastructure to perform. We validated the performance of OIL-TAS using contrived SARS-CoV-2 viral particle samples and clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples. OIL-TAS showed a 93% positive predictive agreement (n = 57) and 100% negative predictive agreement (n = 10) with clinical SARS-CoV-2 qPCR assays in testing clinical samples, highlighting its potential to be a faster, cheaper, and easier-to-deploy alternative for infectious disease testing.

Everyday Dangers – The Impact Infectious Disease has on the Health of Paramedics: A Scoping Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brodie Thomas ◽  
Peter O’Meara ◽  
Evelien Spelten
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

AbstractBackgroundParamedics respond to emergency scenes in often uncontrolled settings without being aware of potential risks. This makes paramedicine one of the most dangerous occupations. One of these dangers is the risk of contracting infectious diseases. Research in this area is predominantly focused on compliance in the use of protective equipment, attitudes and perceptions of paramedics, infectious disease policy, and exposure rates to blood and body fluids. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine what is known about the impact of infectious disease on the health of paramedics.MethodsUsing the Arskey and O’Malley methodological framework, a scoping review was undertaken, which allows for a broad search of the available evidence.ResultsThe literature search identified eight articles for review that reported on paramedic exposure trends; the lack of reported blood-borne infections contracted, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); instances of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infections; and the higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal infections amongst paramedics.ConclusionsExposure to infectious diseases is decreasing, yet it remains significant. The decrease is attributed to prevention strategies; however, paramedic knowledge and attitudes as well as the uncontrolled environment paramedics work in can be a barrier. Contraction of infectious diseases is generally low; exceptions to this are MRSA colonization, influenza, and SARS. Paramedics are at greater risk of acquiring these infectious diseases compared to the general public. The effect on the health of paramedics is not well reported.ThomasB,O’MearaP,SpeltenE.Everyday dangers – the impact infectious disease has on the health of paramedics: a scoping review.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2):217–223.

scholarly journals What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Nuzzo ◽  
Diane Meyer ◽  
Michael Snyder ◽  
Sanjana J. Ravi ◽  
Ana Lapascu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
System Resilience

Abstract Background The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak was a wake-up call regarding the critical importance of resilient health systems. Fragile health systems can become overwhelmed during public health crises, further exacerbating the human, economic, and political toll. Important work has been done to describe the general attributes of a health system resilient to these crises, and the next step will be to identify the specific capacities that health systems need to develop and maintain to achieve resiliency. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. We also sought to identify the overlap of the identified themes and capacities with those highlighted in the World Health Organization’s Joint External Evaluation. Sources of evidence included PubMed, Web of Science, OAIster, and the websites of relevant major public health organizations. Results We identified 16 themes of health system resilience, including: the need to develop plans for altered standards of care during emergencies, the need to develop plans for post-event recovery, and a commitment to quality improvement. Most of the literature described the general attributes of a resilient health system; no implementation frameworks were identified that could translate these elements into specific capacities that health system actors can employ to improve resilience to outbreaks and natural hazards in a variety of settings. Conclusions An implementation-oriented health system resilience framework could help translate the important components of a health system identified in this review into specific capacities that actors in the health system could work to develop to improve resilience to public health crises. However, there remains a need to further refine the concept of resilience so that health systems can simultaneously achieve sustainable transformations in healthcare practice and health service delivery as well as improve their preparedness for emergencies.

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Research in the Era of Big Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kasson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Infectious Disease Research ◽  
Unique Nature

Infectious disease research spans scales from the molecular to the global—from specific mechanisms of pathogen drug resistance, virulence, and replication to the movement of people, animals, and pathogens around the world. All of these research areas have been impacted by the recent growth of large-scale data sources and data analytics. Some of these advances rely on data or analytic methods that are common to most biomedical data science, while others leverage the unique nature of infectious disease, namely its communicability. This review outlines major research progress in the past few years and highlights some remaining opportunities, focusing on data or methodological approaches particular to infectious disease.

scholarly journals Private algorithms for the protected in social network search

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kearns ◽  
Aaron Roth ◽  
Zhiwei Steven Wu ◽  
Grigory Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Graph Search ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Network Search ◽  
Natural Variants

Motivated by tensions between data privacy for individual citizens and societal priorities such as counterterrorism and the containment of infectious disease, we introduce a computational model that distinguishes between parties for whom privacy is explicitly protected, and those for whom it is not (the targeted subpopulation). The goal is the development of algorithms that can effectively identify and take action upon members of the targeted subpopulation in a way that minimally compromises the privacy of the protected, while simultaneously limiting the expense of distinguishing members of the two groups via costly mechanisms such as surveillance, background checks, or medical testing. Within this framework, we provide provably privacy-preserving algorithms for targeted search in social networks. These algorithms are natural variants of common graph search methods, and ensure privacy for the protected by the careful injection of noise in the prioritization of potential targets. We validate the utility of our algorithms with extensive computational experiments on two large-scale social network datasets.

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