Relationship between social anxiety and coping profile in adults who stutter

Purpose A significant proportion of adults who stutter experience anxiety in social and speaking situations. The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering (UTBAS) scales provide a comprehensive measure of the unhelpful cognitions associated with social anxiety in stuttering. However, reducing the number of UTBAS items would make it ideal as a brief screening instrument. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a brief version of the full UTBAS scales. Method The 66-item UTBAS scales were completed by 337 adults who stutter. Item reduction was used to determine a smaller set of items that could adequately reproduce the total score for each full UTBAS scale. Results Item reduction resulted in the inclusion of six items for the brief UTBAS-6 scales. Decile ranges for scores on the brief UTBAS-6 provide reliable estimates of the full UTBAS scores and valuable clinical information about whether a psychological assessment is warranted. Conclusions The brief UTBAS-6 provides a reliable and efficient means of screening the unhelpful thoughts and beliefs associated with speech-related anxiety among adults who stutter. Referral for a psychological assessment is recommended in cases where the UTBAS total score falls in or above the fifth decile.

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Situational Embarrassment and Its Relationship to Social Anxiety in Adults Who Stutter

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00158 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yvonne Tran ◽

Elaine Blumgart ◽

Ashley Craig

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Social Situations ◽

Situational Contexts ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

Relationship Of ◽

At Home

Purpose Adults who stutter (AWS) have increased risk of comorbid social anxiety about speaking in social contexts. AWS also report experiencing embarrassment in different social situations; however, research has rarely been conducted on embarrassment and its relationship to social anxiety in AWS. Method AWS ( N = 200) reported their level of embarrassment on four 10-point Likert items when speaking in four situational contexts: at home, to an individual important to them, in social groups, and at work. Participants were also assessed for sociodemographic, stuttering, and anxiety variables. Construct validity for the four embarrassment items was examined, the extent of embarrassment established in the four contexts as a function of age and sex, and the relationship of embarrassment to social anxiety evaluated. Results Evidence of acceptable construct validity and reliability is presented for the four embarrassment Likert items. Sixty-five percent of the sample experienced high levels of embarrassment when speaking in groups or at work, while 35.5% experienced high levels when speaking at home or to an individual important to them. Participants were significantly more embarrassed ( p < .01) when speaking at work or when socializing in groups. Embarrassment was lowest when speaking in the home. Younger females were significantly more embarrassed when speaking at work or when socializing in groups. Those with high embarrassment scores on all four items were more likely to have elevated social anxiety scores ( p < .001). Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that the assessment of situational embarrassment could be an important clinical measure that may help improve stuttering treatment outcomes that also target social anxiety.

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Heterogeneity of social anxiety in treatment-seeking adults who stutter: A latent profile analysis

10.31234/osf.io/8sc7d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomosumi Haitani ◽

Naomi Sakai ◽

Koichi Mori ◽

Tomohito Houjou

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Data Communication ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

Latent Profile

Purpose: Adults who stutter (AWS) often experience social anxiety. Social anxiety is explained by several situational factors, one of which is a factor for telephone, which is unique to AWS. This unique social anxiety, which has not been observed in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), may lead to heterogeneity or distinct subtypes of AWS. The present study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of social anxiety in AWS in terms of feared social situations.Methods: Social anxiety was measured using the fear/anxiety scale of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). The scores of the five subscales in the LSAS in 562 AWS were analyzed using latent profile analysis. First, the number of latent classes (subtypes) was determined through statistical criteria and interpretability. Next, the profiles of social anxiety, demographic data, communication attitudes, and the overall severity of social anxiety of the subtypes were investigated.Results: Five latent class solutions led to good classifications. About one-quarter of AWS (156) were included in a subtype with sub-clinical levels of overall severity of social anxiety but severe social anxiety in telephone situations. Among them, 100 AWS showed severe social anxiety only in telephone situations. Psychosocial factors, including employment status and communication attitude, were related to extracted subtypes.Conclusions: Some AWS have severe social anxiety specific to telephone situations, which is not proportional to the overall severity of social anxiety. The telephone-specific subtype of social anxiety has not been empirically extracted in principal diagnosis of SAD and can be unique in AWS.

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Situational factors influencing social anxiety in treatment-seeking adults who stutter: An exploratory factor analysis

10.31234/osf.io/h3957 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomosumi Haitani ◽

Naomi Sakai ◽

Koichi Mori ◽

Tomohito Houjou

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Situational Factors ◽

The Other ◽

Self Report ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

General Populations

Purpose: Adults who stutter (AWS) often show high levels of social anxiety. Stuttering is a speech disorder, making the latent factors influencing social anxiety potentially different from those in individuals with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) or general populations. This study aims to examine the situational factors influencing social anxiety in AWS.Methods: We analyzed data of 351 AWS using the fear/anxiety scale in the Japanese self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). We conducted exploratory factor analysis and investigated subscale scores.Results: We extracted five factors: (i) eating, drinking, and party, (ii) telephone, (iii) observation or non-speech, (iv) interaction with strangers, and (v) public speaking. The factor for telephone was newly extracted, and anxiety in telephone situations was poorly explained by the total score of fear/anxiety of the LSAS. On the other hand, the other four factors are similar to those previously extracted in individuals with SAD and general populations, and more than 60% of the variance of the subscale constructs was explained by the total score. Preliminary comparisons revealed that AWS had saliently higher anxiety in telephone situations and lower anxiety in observation or non-speech situations than individuals with anxiety disorders and Japanese university students.Conclusions: The factor for telephone was uniquely extracted in AWS, and the severity of anxiety in telephone situations was not explained well by the overall severity of social anxiety as a whole. Telephone situations have specific impacts on social anxiety in AWS.

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International Phase II clinical trial of CBTPsych: A standalone Internet social anxiety treatment for adults who stutter

Journal of Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.06.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ross Menzies ◽

Sue O’Brian ◽

Robyn Lowe ◽

Ann Packman ◽

Mark Onslow

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Phase Ii Clinical Trial ◽

Anxiety Treatment ◽

Adults Who Stutter

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Social anxiety and coping strategies among young adults

Journal of Research THE BEDE ATHENAEUM ◽

10.5958/0976-1748.2015.00021.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Lissiue Maria

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

And Coping

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Internalizing symptoms and loneliness: Direct effects of mindfulness and protection against the negative effects of peer victimization and exclusion

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025419876358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah J. Clear ◽

Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck ◽

Amanda L. Duffy ◽

Bonnie L. Barber

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Peer Victimization ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Dispositional Mindfulness ◽

Negative Effects ◽

And Coping ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

Drawing from dispositional mindfulness research and stress and coping theories, we tested whether adolescents’ dispositional mindfulness was associated with perceptions of peer victimization and exclusion and internalizing symptoms. We further explored the role of dispositional mindfulness as a protective factor buffering the impact of peer victimization and exclusion (PVE) on internalizing symptoms. Participants were 361 (40% boys) adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years ( M = 14.9, SD = 1.4) who completed a questionnaire to assess dispositional mindfulness, perceptions of PVE, social anxiety and depressive symptoms, and loneliness. As expected, more frequent experience of PVE was associated with reporting more symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Further, adolescents who reported higher dispositional mindfulness also reported fewer symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness, even after controlling for gender and experiences of PVE. Dispositional mindfulness was not protective against (i.e., did not buffer) the effects of PVE on internalizing symptoms. Instead, we found that PVE had a stronger association with symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness when mindfulness was high relative to when it was medium or low. Yet, victimization was associated with greater social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and loneliness at all levels of mindfulness.

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