Brain activity, low self-control, and delinquency: An fMRI study of at-risk adolescents

Teenage boys are a source of considerable concern in society, with generally poorer health, educational, and social outcomes than their female counterparts. Of particular concern are “at-risk” adolescents, who by definition are liable to poorer outcomes than peers not deemed at-risk. However, there are indications that activities such as mindfulness may offer opportunities for such adolescents to negotiate more positive constructions of masculinity. This study piloted a new four-week mindfulness-based intervention, created specifically for a group of eight at-risk adolescent boys at a school in London. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants before and after the intervention and analyzed using grounded theory. The data revealed an overarching theme of “pressure control.” Participants depicted themselves as facing multiple pressures, many of which related to making the difficult transition from childhood to adulthood. However, the context of the intervention enabled them to generate a masculine construction in which they were able to reclaim agency and self-control. Notably, such control was often exercised in the direction of facilitating emotional connection and agility, thus subverting traditional masculine expectations. The results show that at-risk adolescent boys are capable of more nuanced and skilled emotional competencies than they are often given credit for.

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Equine-facilitated psychotherapy for at-risk adolescents: The influence on self-image, self-control and trust

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1359104511404177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 298-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Keren Bachi ◽

Joseph Terkel ◽

Meir Teichman

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Self Control ◽

Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy ◽

Self Image ◽

Equine Facilitated ◽

At Risk Adolescents

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Social-personal responsibility as the basis for the formation of an at-risk adolescent as a subject of self-development

Perspectives of science and education ◽

10.32744/pse.2021.6.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 342-362

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Pazukhina ◽

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Kseniya S. Shalaginova ◽

Elena V. Dekina ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Personal Responsibility ◽

Role Playing ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Self Control ◽

Weak Links ◽

Pedagogical Tools ◽

Self Development ◽

At Risk Adolescents

Introduction. The need to form responsibility as a personality trait that ensures personal growth and development of each person is currently considered as a condition for adaptation to the modern world. The problem of responsibility in relation to the category of at-risk adolescents is characterized by the importance of the formation of social-personal responsibility as a generalizing characteristic of volitional behavior, synthesizing and including manifestations of various volitional, moral-volitional and moral qualities of an individual. The purpose of the article is to study the main components of social-personal responsibility as the basis for the formation of at-risk adolescents as a subject of self-development, the conditions for the formation of personal responsibility in the specified category of adolescents. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in seven (7) educational institutions in the city of Tula and the Tula region (Russian Federation) among 13-14-year-old adolescents (n=103, of which 16 were attributed to the risk group). The diagnostic program included the following methods for the study of responsibility, coping strategies, self-esteem, self-control in communication among the subjects. Methods of mathematical statistics: G-test, Pearson's chi-squared test. Research results. It was revealed that in at-risk adolescents, the identified components of social-personal responsibility (cognitive, emotional, volitional, behavioral ones) are weak links that negatively affect the course of their subjective-personal development, distorting the directions of self-development at this age, leading them onto the deviant development path. At the control stage of the experiment, differences were revealed in all indicators of the studied variables for each component. The number of at-risk adolescents with low indicators of responsibility, communicative control, willpower, with pronounced maladjustment has decreased, the number of students with adequate self-esteem has increased. The least significant shifts occurred in the behavioral component. According to the “School of Responsibility” methodology, the value of the χ2 criterion is 4.952; “Diagnostics of general self-esteem” by G.N. Kazantseva (χ2 = 3.256); “Assessment of self-control in communication” (χ2 = 4.91); “Self-assessment of willpower” (χ2 = 0.686); “Coping strategies” (χ2 = 3.841). The relationship between the factorial and effective traits is statistically insignificant, the level of significance is p> 0.05. This indicates the need to continue working with the identified at-risk adolescents. Conclusion. A set of psychological-pedagogical tools for the formation of social-personal responsibility in at-risk adolescents should include as follows: individual and group consultations, interactive seminars, master classes, quests, discussions, classes with training elements, project activities, role-playing games, training lessons.

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Low Self-control and Legal Cynicism among At-Risk Youth: An Investigation into Direct and Vicarious Police Contact

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0022427820929735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 741-783

Author(s):

Dylan B. Jackson ◽

Alexander Testa ◽

Michael G. Vaughn

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Social Stigma ◽

National Sample ◽

Self Control ◽

Fragile Families ◽

At Risk Youth ◽

Legal Cynicism ◽

Recent Sample ◽

Trauma Informed ◽

Low Self Control

Objectives: This study explores the nexus between low self-control and legal cynicism among a recent sample of at-risk youth while accounting for various features of direct and vicarious police stops. Methods: Analyses are based on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which employs a national sample of urban-born, at-risk youth. Results: A uniquely potent association between low self-control and legal cynicism emerged across samples with and without exposure to vicarious or direct police stops. Furthermore, among youth exposed to police stops, the link between low self-control and legal cynicism was largely robust to perceptions/features of these stops, including the degree of officer intrusiveness, arrest, perceptions of procedural justice, and youth feelings of social stigma following the stop. Conclusions: Programmatic efforts that both enhance the early development of self-control through mindfulness and curriculum-based interventions (e.g., Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies) and facilitate trauma-informed policing may be beneficial in curtailing the development of legal cynicism.

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[Factors of Deviation Among At-Risk Adolescents From an Islamic Perspective] Faktor Penyimpangan dalam Kalangan Remaja Berisiko dari Perspektif Islam

Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari ◽

10.37231/jimk.2017.15.1.217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Azyyati Mohd Nazim

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Development Process ◽

Self Control ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Islamic Perspective ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

The Individual ◽

Cognitive Maturity ◽

At Risk Adolescents ◽

Islamic Values

In the development process known as the adolescent stage, adolescents are often viewed as not having fully reached cognitive maturity. According to the Islamic perspective, at-risk adolescents are identified for their non-conforming trait. This may mean the abandonment of Islam as a path and a lifestyle. As such, it is most likely that these at-risk adolescents end up compromising Islamic values. The objective of this paper is to identify factors that contribute to delinquency from the perspective of Islam. Research is conducted through analyses of Qur’anic verses, hadiths, as well as secondary sources. Data is then analysed through inductive observation and presented conceptually and theoretically. This paper finds that delinquency are caused by two contributing factors. The first is the individual’s weak iman (faith) or the individuals’ lack of Islamic understanding; secondly, external factors such as the environment that also play a contributing role in delinquency. However, the depth to which these factors contribute to the problem depend on the individual’s self-control as well as the amount of exposure the individual has to the aforementioned factors. It is thus important that Islamic teaching play a crucial role in curbing delinquency especially during the adolescent stage. Key words: at-risk adolescents, delinquency, Islamic teaching. Dalam proses perkembangan usia remaja, sering kali remaja dikaitkan dengan usia yang belum mencapai tahap kematangan berfikir. Menurut perspektif agama, remaja berisiko dapat dikenal pasti dalam masalah penyimpangan. Penyimpangan ialah meninggalkan kebenaran dari jalan yang lurus menurut tuntutan agama Islam. Oleh itu, masalah penyimpangan remaja boleh membawa krisis nilai dalam kehidupan. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyimpangan menurut perspektif agama. Kaedah kajian dijalankan menerusi analisis kandungan dokumen berdasarkan dalil-dalil al-Quran dan hadith serta sumber-sumber karya sekunder. Data-data dianalisis menerusi proses penelitian secara induktif dan dijelaskan dalam bentuk konsep dan teori. Hasil kajian mendapati faktor penyimpangan dalam Islam merujuk kepada dua faktor gabungan iaitu pertama, faktor dalaman iaitu kelemahan iman atau tiada kesedaran jiwa beragama yang boleh menghalang manusia dari menyimpang. Kedua, faktor luaran iaitu kewujudan desakan dorongan luar yang menggalakkan kepada perbuatan menyimpang yang menjadi faktor penggerak dari pengaruh persekitaran. Walau bagaimanapun, risiko dalam perspektif agama dan kaitannya dengan faktor penyebab perlakuan mengambil risiko bergantung kepada kawalan tabiat seseorang yang terdedah terhadap pengaruh kedua-dua faktor tersebut. Oleh itu, penekanan kepada aspek agama sangat dituntut semasa proses perkembangan akil baligh remaja. Kata kunci: Remaja berisiko, penyimpangan, ajaran Islam

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Low Self-Control of Emotions as an Antecedent of Self-Reported Physical Symptoms: A Longitudinal Perspective

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.6.1.26 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marja Kokkonen ◽

Lea Pulkkinen ◽

Taru Kinnunen

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Self Control ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Positive Direction ◽

Data Collections ◽

Low Self Control

The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, underway since 1968, in which children's low self-control of emotions was studied using teacher ratings at age 8 in terms of inattentiveness, shifting moods, aggression, and anxiety. The study was based on data from 112 women and 112 men who participated in the previous data collections at ages 8, 27, and 36. At age 27, the participants had been assessed in Neuroticism (N) using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire , and at age 36 they filled in several inventories measuring, among others, conscious and active attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction as well as physical symptoms. The present study used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that personality characteristics indicating low self-control of emotions at ages 8 and 27 are antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms at age 36; and that this relationship is indirect, mediated by attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction. The findings showed, albeit for men only, that inattentiveness at age 8 was positively related to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36 via high N at age 27 and low attempts to repair negative emotions at age 36. Additionally, N at age 27 was directly linked to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36. The mediation of an active attempt to repair negative emotions was not found for women. Correlations revealed, however, that shifting moods and aggression in girls were antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms in adulthood, particularly, pain and fatigue.

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